1
|
Bernauer H, Schlör A, Maier J, Hanack K, Bannert N, Ivanusic D. Analysis of antibodies from whole-cell immunization by a tANCHOR cell-based ELISA. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001201. [PMID: 38698909 PMCID: PMC11063790 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring specific antibodies derived from whole-cell immunization through cell-based ELISA methods poses challenges due to humoral responses against various cell proteins. In this report, we outline a technique involving pre-adsorption on cells to remove undesirable antibodies from immune serum. This step provides the subsequent monitoring of antibodies specific to the targeted antigen using a tANCHOR-based ELISA. Notably, this approach accelerates result acquisition, eliminating the necessity to purify the expressed antigen or obtain a customized peptide for coating assay plates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Bernauer
- ATG:biosynthetics GmbH, Weberstraße 40, 79249 Merzhausen, Germany
| | - Anja Schlör
- new/era/mabs GmbH, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Josef Maier
- ATG:biosynthetics GmbH, Weberstraße 40, 79249 Merzhausen, Germany
- IStLS, Härlestr. 24/1, 78727 Oberndorf a.N., Germany
| | - Katja Hanack
- new/era/mabs GmbH, August-Bebel-Str. 89, 14482 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Ivanusic
- Sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bernauer H, Schlör A, Maier J, Bannert N, Hanack K, Ivanusic D. tANCHOR fast and cost-effective cell-based immunization approach with focus on the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad030. [PMID: 38090673 PMCID: PMC10713279 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful induction of antibodies in model organisms like mice depends strongly on antigen design and delivery. New antigen designs for immunization are helpful for developing future therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One of the gold standards to induce antibodies in mice is to express and purify the antigen for vaccination. This is especially time-consuming when mAbs are needed rapidly. We closed this gap and used the display technology tetraspanin anchor to develop a reliable immunization technique without the need to purify the antigen. This technique is able to speed up the immunization step enormously and we have demonstrated that we were able to induce antibodies against different proteins with a focus on the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 and the extracellular loop of canine cluster of differentiation 20 displayed on the surface of human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Schlör
- new/era/mabs GmbH, Potsdam 14482, Germany
- Institute for Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Josef Maier
- ATG:biosynthetics GmbH, Merzhausen 79249, Germany
| | | | - Katja Hanack
- new/era/mabs GmbH, Potsdam 14482, Germany
- Institute for Biology and Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marinelli S, Marrone MC, Di Domenico M, Marinelli S. Endocannabinoid signaling in microglia. Glia 2022; 71:71-90. [PMID: 36222019 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), execute their sentinel, housekeeping and defense functions through a panoply of genes, receptors and released cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophic factors. Moreover, microglia functions are closely linked to the constant communication with other cell types, among them neurons. Depending on the signaling pathway and type of stimuli involved, the outcome of microglia operation can be neuroprotective or neurodegenerative. Accordingly, microglia are increasingly becoming considered cellular targets for therapeutic intervention. Among signals controlling microglia activity, the endocannabinoid (EC) system has been shown to exert a neuroprotective role in many neurological diseases. Like neurons, microglia express functional EC receptors and can produce and degrade ECs. Interestingly, boosting EC signaling leads to an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective microglia phenotype. Nonetheless, little evidence is available on the microglia-mediated therapeutic effects of EC compounds. This review focuses on the EC signals acting on the CNS microglia in physiological and pathological conditions, namely on the CB1R, CB2R and TRPV1-mediated regulation of microglia properties. It also provides new evidence, which strengthens the understanding of mechanisms underlying the control of microglia functions by ECs. Given the broad expression of the EC system in glial and neuronal cells, the resulting picture is the need for in vivo studies in transgenic mouse models to dissect the contribution of EC microglia signaling in the neuroprotective effects of EC-derived compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marinelli
- CNR-National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Marrone
- EBRI-Fondazione Rita Levi Montalcini, Rome, Italy.,Ministry of University and Research, Mission Unity for Recovery and Resilience Plan, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- EBRI-Fondazione Rita Levi Montalcini, Rome, Italy.,Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Value of Immune-Related Genes Signature in Osteosarcoma Based on Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. J Immunol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9989321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a serious malignant tumor that is more common in adolescents or children under 20 years of age. This study is aimed at obtaining immune-related genes (IRGs) associated with the progression and prognosis of OS. Method. Expression profiling data and clinical data for OS were downloaded from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. ESTIMATE calculates immune scores and stromal scores of samples and performs the prognostic analysis. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to find modules correlated with immune and stromal scores. Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were used to explore IRGs associated with OS prognosis and construct and validate a hazard score model. Finally, we verified the expression and function of EVI2B in OS. Results. WGCNA selected twenty-eight IRGs, 10 of which were associated with OS prognosis, and LASSO further obtained three key prognostic genes. A prognostic model of EVI2B was constructed, and according to the risk score model, patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group, and the prognosis was statistically significant in the high- and low-risk groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the prognostic model’s accuracy and externally validate the independent GSE21257 cohort. The results of immunohistochemical staining and qPCR showed that EVI2B was a tumor suppressor gene. The differential genes in the high- and low-risk groups were analyzed by enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG, indicating that the EVI2B model is associated with immune response. Conclusion. In this study, IRG EVI2B is closely related to OS’s prognosis and can be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis and treatment of OS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Antipova NV, Larionova TD, Siniavin AE, Nikiforova MA, Gushchin VA, Babichenko II, Volkov AV, Shakhparonov MI, Pavlyukov MS. Establishment of Murine Hybridoma Cells Producing Antibodies against Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9167. [PMID: 33271925 PMCID: PMC7731011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020 the world faced the pandemic of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. To stop the spread of the disease, it is crucial to create molecular tools allowing the investigation, diagnoses and treatment of COVID-19. One of such tools are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study we describe the development of hybridoma cells that can produce mouse mAbs against receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. These mAbs are able to specifically detect native and denatured S proteins in all tested applications, including immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining of cells and immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded patients' tissue samples. In addition, we showed that the obtained mAbs can efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection in in vitro experiments. Finally, we determined the amino acid sequence of light and heavy chains of the mAbs. This information will allow the use of corresponding peptides to establish genetically engineered therapeutic antibodies. To date multiple mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been established, however, bigger sets of various antibodies will allow the detection and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2, even if the virus acquires novel mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Antipova
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 17198 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana D. Larionova
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.N.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Maria A. Nikiforova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.N.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.N.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Igor I. Babichenko
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 17198 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Michail I. Shakhparonov
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Marat S. Pavlyukov
- Department of Functioning of Living Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.A.); (T.D.L.); (A.E.S.); (M.I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Generating therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to complex multi-spanning membrane targets: Overcoming the antigen challenge and enabling discovery strategies. Methods 2020; 180:111-126. [PMID: 32422249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex integral membrane proteins, which are embedded in the cell surface lipid bilayer by multiple transmembrane spanning helices, encompass families of proteins which are important target classes for drug discovery. These protein families include G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and transporters. Although these proteins have typically been targeted by small molecule drugs and peptides, the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies offers a significant opportunity to selectively modulate these target proteins. However, it remains the case that isolation of antibodies with desired pharmacological function(s) has proven difficult due to technical challenges in preparing membrane protein antigens suitable to support antibody drug discovery. In this review recent progress in defining strategies for generation of membrane protein antigens is outlined. We also highlight antibody isolation strategies which have generated antibodies which bind the membrane protein and modulate the protein function.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hutchings CJ. A review of antibody-based therapeutics targeting G protein-coupled receptors: an update. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:925-935. [PMID: 32264722 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1745770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in many biological functions and are linked to many diseases across all therapeutic areas. As such, GPCRs represent a significant opportunity for antibody-based therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The structure of the major GPCR families is summarized in the context of choice of antigen source employed in the drug discovery process and receptor biology considerations which may impact on targeting strategies. An overview of the therapeutic GPCR-antibody target landscape and the diversity of current therapeutic programs is provided along with summary case studies for marketed antibody drugs or those in advanced clinical studies. Antibodies in early clinical studies and the emergence of next-generation modalities are also highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The GPCR-antibody pipeline has progressed significantly with a number of technical developments enabling the successful resolution of some of the challenges previously encountered and this has contributed to the growing interest in antibody-based therapeutics addressing this target class.
Collapse
|