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Sharma V, Vinchure OS, Yadav G, Sarkar C, Kulshreshtha R. A novel interplay between PRC2 and miR-3189 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via modulating COL6A2 in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31326. [PMID: 38860406 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on disrupted collagen signaling in Gliomas, yet the regulatory landscape remains largely unexplored. This study enquired into the role of polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 modification, a key epigenetic factor in glioma. Using in-house data, we identified miRNAs downregulated in glioblastoma (GBM) with the potential to regulate Collagen VI family genes. Notably, miR-3189 emerged as a prime PRC2 target. Its expression was significantly downregulated in Indian GBM patients as well as other glioma cohorts. Mechanistic insights, involving Luciferase assays, mutagenesis, and Western blot analysis, confirmed direct targeting of Collagen VI member COL6A2 by miR-3189-3p. Functional assays demonstrated that miR-3189-3p restrained GBM malignancy by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, COL6A2 overexpressed in GBM patients, countered miR-3189, and promoted the malignant phenotype. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted EMT enrichment in GBM patients with elevated COL6A2 expression, carrying prognostic implications. This study uncovers intricate interactions between two epigenetic regulators-H3K27me3 and miR-3189-working synergistically to modulate Collagen VI gene; thus, influencing the malignancy of GBM. Targeting this H3K27me3|miR-3189-3p|COL6A2 axis presents a potential therapeutic avenue against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Centralized Core Research Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Omkar Suhas Vinchure
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Garima Yadav
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Núñez FJ, Banerjee K, Mujeeb AA, Mauser A, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Taher A, Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Comba A, Alghamri MS, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Nwosu ZC, Hong HS, Qin T, Sartor MA, Ljungman M, Cheng SY, Appelman HD, Lowenstein PR, Lahann J, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Autophagy Drives Mutant IDH1 Glioma Progression and Response to Radiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584091. [PMID: 38559270 PMCID: PMC10979892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1; IDH1 R132H ) exhibits a gain of function mutation enabling 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. 2HG inhibits DNA and histone demethylases, inducing epigenetic reprogramming and corresponding changes to the transcriptome. We previously demonstrated 2HG-mediated epigenetic reprogramming enhances DNA-damage response and confers radioresistance in mIDH1 gliomas harboring p53 and ATRX loss of function mutations. In this study, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed human and mouse mIDH1 glioma neurospheres have downregulated gene ontologies related to mitochondrial metabolism and upregulated autophagy. Further analysis revealed that the decreased mitochondrial metabolism was paralleled by a decrease in glycolysis, rendering autophagy as a source of energy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Analysis of autophagy pathways showed that mIDH1 glioma cells exhibited increased expression of pULK1-S555 and enhanced LC3 I/II conversion, indicating augmented autophagy activity. This dependence is reflected by increased sensitivity of mIDH1 glioma cells to autophagy inhibition. Blocking autophagy selectively impairs the growth of cultured mIDH1 glioma cells but not wild-type IDH1 (wtIDH1) glioma cells. Targeting autophagy by systemic administration of synthetic protein nanoparticles packaged with siRNA targeting Atg7 (SPNP-siRNA-Atg7) sensitized mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation-induced cell death, resulting in tumor regression, long-term survival, and immunological memory, when used in combination with IR. Our results indicate autophagy as a critical pathway for survival and maintenance of mIDH1 glioma cells, a strategy that has significant potential for future clinical translation. One Sentence Summary The inhibition of autophagy sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation, thus creating a promising therapeutic strategy for mIDH1 glioma patients. Graphical abstract Our genetically engineered mIDH1 mouse glioma model harbors IDH1 R132H in the context of ATRX and TP53 knockdown. The production of 2-HG elicited an epigenetic reprogramming associated with a disruption in mitochondrial activity and an enhancement of autophagy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cell homeostasis related with cell survival under energetic stress and DNA damage protection. Autophagy has been associated with radio resistance. The inhibition of autophagy thus radio sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells and enhances survival of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice, representing a novel therapeutic target for this glioma subtype with potential applicability in combined clinical strategies.
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Yan X, Li J, Zhang Y, Liang C, Liang P, Li T, Liu Q, Hui X. Alterations in cellular metabolism under different grades of glioma staging identified based on a multi-omics analysis strategy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1292944. [PMID: 38111705 PMCID: PMC10726964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a type of brain tumor closely related to abnormal cell metabolism. Firstly, multiple combinatorial sequencing studies have revealed this relationship. Genomic studies have identified gene mutations and gene expression disorders related to the development of gliomas, which affect cell metabolic pathways. In addition, transcriptome studies have revealed the genes and regulatory networks that regulate cell metabolism in glioma tissues. Metabonomics studies have shown that the metabolic pathway of glioma cells has changed, indicating their distinct energy and nutritional requirements. This paper focuses on the retrospective analysis of multiple groups combined with sequencing to analyze the changes in various metabolites during metabolism in patients with glioma. Finally, the changes in genes, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways regulating cell metabolism in patients with glioma under different metabolic conditions were discussed. It is also proposed that multi-group metabolic analysis is expected to better understand the mechanism of abnormal metabolism of gliomas and provide more personalized methods and guidance for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Miller DM, Yadanapudi K, Rai V, Rai SN, Chen J, Frieboes HB, Masters A, McCallum A, Williams BJ. Untangling the web of glioblastoma treatment resistance using a multi-omic and multidisciplinary approach. Am J Med Sci 2023; 366:185-198. [PMID: 37330006 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common human brain tumor, has been notoriously resistant to treatment. As a result, the dismal overall survival of GBM patients has not changed over the past three decades. GBM has been stubbornly resistant to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies, which have been remarkably effective in the treatment of other tumors. It is clear that GBM resistance to therapy is multifactorial. Although therapeutic transport into brain tumors is inhibited by the blood brain barrier, there is evolving evidence that overcoming this barrier is not the predominant factor. GBMs generally have a low mutation burden, exist in an immunosuppressed environment and they are inherently resistant to immune stimulation, all of which contribute to treatment resistance. In this review, we evaluate the contribution of multi-omic approaches (genomic and metabolomic) along with analyzing immune cell populations and tumor biophysical characteristics to better understand and overcome GBM multifactorial resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Miller
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Kavitha Yadanapudi
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Veeresh Rai
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resources, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Cancer Data Science Center of University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Center for Preventative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Adrianna Masters
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Abigail McCallum
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian J Williams
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Muzyka L, Goff NK, Choudhary N, Koltz MT. Systematic Review of Molecular Targeted Therapies for Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma: An Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10456. [PMID: 37445633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumor in adults, and molecularly targeted therapies to treat gliomas are becoming a frequent topic of investigation. The current state of molecular targeted therapy research for adult-type diffuse gliomas has yet to be characterized, particularly following the 2021 WHO guideline changes for classifying gliomas using molecular subtypes. This systematic review sought to characterize the current state of molecular target therapy research for adult-type diffuse glioma to better inform scientific progress and guide next steps in this field of study. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were queried for study design, subject (patients, human cell lines, mice, etc.), type of tumor studied, molecular target, respective molecular pathway, and details pertaining to the molecular targeted therapy-namely the modality, dose, and duration of treatment. A total of 350 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 52 of these were clinical studies, 190 were laboratory studies investigating existing molecular therapies, and 108 were laboratory studies investigating new molecular targets. Further, a total of 119 ongoing clinical trials are also underway, per a detailed query on clinicaltrials.gov. GBM was the predominant tumor studied in both ongoing and published clinical studies as well as in laboratory analyses. A few studies mentioned IDH-mutant astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. The most common molecular targets in published clinical studies and clinical trials were protein kinase pathways, followed by microenvironmental targets, immunotherapy, and cell cycle/apoptosis pathways. The most common molecular targets in laboratory studies were also protein kinase pathways; however, cell cycle/apoptosis pathways were the next most frequent target, followed by microenvironmental targets, then immunotherapy pathways, with the wnt/β-catenin pathway arising in the cohort of novel targets. In this systematic review, we examined the current evidence on molecular targeted therapy for adult-type diffuse glioma and discussed its implications for clinical practice and future research. Ultimately, published research falls broadly into three categories-clinical studies, laboratory testing of existing therapies, and laboratory identification of novel targets-and heavily centers on GBM rather than IDH-mutant astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. Ongoing clinical trials are numerous in this area of research as well and follow a similar pattern in tumor type and targeted pathways as published clinical studies. The most common molecular targets in all study types were protein kinase pathways. Microenvironmental targets were more numerous in clinical studies, whereas cell cycle/apoptosis were more numerous in laboratory studies. Immunotherapy pathways are on the rise in all study types, and the wnt/β-catenin pathway is increasingly identified as a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Muzyka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicolas K Goff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nikita Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael T Koltz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1501 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Gliomas-A New Direction in Personalized Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205041. [PMID: 36291824 PMCID: PMC9599495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas comprise an extremely diverse category of brain tumors that are difficult to diagnose and treat. As a result, scientists continue to search for new treatment solutions, with personalized medicine having emerged as a particularly promising therapeutic approach. Metabolomics and its sub-discipline, lipidomics, are two scientific fields well-suited to support this search. Metabolomics focuses on the physicochemical changes in the metabolome, which include all of the small endogenous and exogenous compounds in a biological system. As such, metabolic analysis can help identify important biochemical pathways which could be the targets for new therapeutic approaches. This review examines the new directions of personalized therapies for gliomas and how metabolomic and lipidomic analysis assists in developing these strategies and monitoring their effectiveness. The discussion of new strategies is preceded by a brief overview of the current “gold standard” treatment for gliomas and the obstacles that new treatment approaches must overcome. Abstract In addition to being the most common primary brain tumor, gliomas are also among the most difficult to diagnose and treat. At present, the “gold standard” in glioma treatment entails the surgical resection of the largest possible portion of the tumor, followed by temozolomide therapy and radiation. However, this approach does not always yield the desired results. Additionally, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier remains a major challenge for new potential drugs. Thus, researchers continue to search for targeted therapies that can be individualized based on the specific characteristics of each case. Metabolic and lipidomic research may represent two of the best ways to achieve this goal, as they enable detailed insights into the changes in the profile of small molecules in a biological system/specimen. This article reviews the new approaches to glioma therapy based on the analysis of alterations to biochemical pathways, and it provides an overview of the clinical results that may support personalized therapies in the future.
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Guest Edited Collection: Epigenetics within the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15089. [PMID: 36064963 PMCID: PMC9445032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bogusiewicz J, Gaca-Tabaszewska M, Olszówka D, Jaroch K, Furtak J, Harat M, Pawliszyn J, Bojko B. Coated Blade Spray-Mass Spectrometry as a New Approach for the Rapid Characterization of Brain Tumors. Molecules 2022; 27:2251. [PMID: 35408649 PMCID: PMC9000701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are neoplasms with one of the highest mortality rates. Therefore, the availability of methods that allow for the quick and effective diagnosis of brain tumors and selection of appropriate treatments is of critical importance for patient outcomes. In this study, coated blade spray-mass spectrometry (CBS-MS), which combines the features of microextraction and fast ionization methods, was applied for the analysis of brain tumors. In this approach, a sword-shaped probe is coated with a sorptive material to enable the extraction of analytes from biological samples. The analytes are then desorbed using only a few microliters of solvent, followed by the insertion of the CBS device into the interface on the mass spectrometer source. The results of this proof-of-concept experiment confirmed that CBS coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables the rapid differentiation of two histologically different lesions: meningiomas and gliomas. Moreover, quantitative CBS-HRMS/MS analysis of carnitine, the endogenous compound, previously identified as a discriminating metabolite, showed good reproducibility with the variation below 10% when using a standard addition calibration strategy and deuterated internal standards for correction. The resultant data show that the proposed CBS-MS technique can be useful for on-site qualitative and quantitative assessments of brain tumor metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bogusiewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (M.G.-T.); (D.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Magdalena Gaca-Tabaszewska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (M.G.-T.); (D.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Dominik Olszówka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (M.G.-T.); (D.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (M.G.-T.); (D.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Jacek Furtak
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Marek Harat
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON M1B 6G3, Canada;
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (M.G.-T.); (D.O.); (K.J.)
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Bogusiewicz J, Kupcewicz B, Goryńska PZ, Jaroch K, Goryński K, Birski M, Furtak J, Paczkowski D, Harat M, Bojko B. Investigating the Potential Use of Chemical Biopsy Devices to Characterize Brain Tumor Lipidomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073518. [PMID: 35408879 PMCID: PMC8998862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a fast and accurate intraoperative method that enables the differentiation and stratification of cancerous lesions is still a challenging problem in laboratory medicine. Therefore, it is important to find and optimize a simple and effective analytical method of enabling the selection of distinctive metabolites. This study aims to assess the usefulness of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probes as a sampling method for the lipidomic analysis of brain tumors. To this end, SPME was applied to sample brain tumors immediately after excision, followed by lipidomic analysis via liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results showed that long fibers were a good option for extracting analytes from an entire lesion to obtain an average lipidomic profile. Moreover, significant differences between tumors of different histological origin were observed. In-depth investigation of the glioma samples revealed that malignancy grade and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status impact the lipidomic composition of the tumor, whereas 1p/19q co-deletion did not appear to alter the lipid profile. This first on-site lipidomic analysis of intact tumors proved that chemical biopsy with SPME is a promising tool for the simple and fast extraction of lipid markers in neurooncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bogusiewicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (P.Z.G.); (K.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Bogumiła Kupcewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Paulina Zofia Goryńska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (P.Z.G.); (K.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (P.Z.G.); (K.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Goryński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (P.Z.G.); (K.J.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcin Birski
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Jacek Furtak
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Dariusz Paczkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Marek Harat
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (J.F.); (D.P.)
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (P.Z.G.); (K.J.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (B.B.)
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10
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The efficacy of an unrestricted cycling ketogenic diet in preclinical models of IDH wild-type and IDH mutant glioma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0257725. [PMID: 35134075 PMCID: PMC8824343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrative gliomas are the most common neoplasms arising in the brain, and remain largely incurable despite decades of research. A subset of these gliomas contains mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1mut) or, less commonly, IDH2 (together called “IDHmut”). These mutations alter cellular biochemistry, and IDHmut gliomas are generally less aggressive than IDH wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas. Some preclinical studies and clinical trials have suggested that various forms of a ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by low-carbohydrate and high-fat content, may be beneficial in slowing glioma progression. However, adherence to a strict KD is difficult, and not all studies have shown promising results. Furthermore, no study has yet addressed whether IDHmut gliomas might be more sensitive to KD. The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of a unrestricted, cycling KD (weekly alternating between KD and standard diet) in preclinical models of IDHwt versus IDHmut gliomas. In vitro, simulating KD by treatment with the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate had no effect on the proliferation of patient-derived IDHwt or IDHmut glioma cells, either in low or normal glucose conditions. Likewise, an unrestricted, cycling KD had no effect on the in vivo growth of patient-derived IDHwt or IDHmut gliomas, even though the cycling KD did result in persistently elevated circulating ketones. Furthermore, this KD conferred no survival benefit in mice engrafted with Sleeping-Beauty transposase-engineered IDHmut or IDHwt glioma. These data suggest that neither IDHwt nor IDHmut gliomas are particularly responsive to an unrestricted, cycling form of KD.
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Najafi S, Esmaeili S, Zhaleh H, Rahmati Y. The role of IDH1 mutation on gene expression in glioblastoma. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Björkblom B, Wibom C, Eriksson M, Bergenheim AT, Sjöberg RL, Jonsson P, Brännström T, Antti H, Sandström M, Melin B. OUP accepted manuscript. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1454-1468. [PMID: 35157758 PMCID: PMC9435506 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benny Björkblom
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Benny Björkblom, PhD, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 10, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden ()
| | - Carl Wibom
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Tommy Bergenheim
- Department of Clinical Science, Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rickard L Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Sandström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Corresponding Author: Professor Beatrice Melin, MD, PhD, Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden ()
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13
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Profiling of Carnitine Shuttle System Intermediates in Gliomas Using Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206112. [PMID: 34684691 PMCID: PMC8540799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the carnitine shuttle system may be an indication of the presence of cancer. As such, in-depth analyses of this pathway in different malignant tumors could be important for the detection and treatment of this disease. The current study aims to assess the profiles of carnitine and acylcarnitines in gliomas with respect to their grade, the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, and 1p/19q co-deletion. Brain tumors obtained from 19 patients were sampled on-site using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) immediately following excision. Analytes were desorbed and then analyzed via liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results showed that SPME enabled the extraction of carnitine and 22 acylcarnitines. An analysis of the correlation factor revealed the presence of two separate clusters: short-chain and long-chain carnitine esters. Slightly higher carnitine and acylcarnitine concentrations were observed in the higher-malignancy tumor samples (high vs. low grade) and in those samples with worse projected clinical outcomes (without vs. with IDH mutation; without vs. with 1p/19q co-deletion). Thus, the proposed chemical biopsy approach offers a simple solution for on-site sampling that enables sample preservation, thus supporting comprehensive multi-method analyses.
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14
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Zhang M, Wang D, Su L, Ma J, Wang S, Cui M, Hong S, Guan B, Ma X. Activity of Wnt/PCP Regulation Pathway Classifies Patients of Low-Grade Glioma Into Molecularly Distinct Subgroups With Prognostic Difference. Front Oncol 2021; 11:726034. [PMID: 34540693 PMCID: PMC8440981 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) signaling is one of the most well-known oncogenic pathways. Numerous studies have uncovered an aberrant expression of Wnt in cancer and its association with multiple oncogenic processes, such as cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasiveness. Most previous studies mainly focused on the canonical branch of Wnt signaling pathway, i.e., Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway, as the most recently described branch of Wnt signaling, was much less investigated in oncology research. In this study, we thoroughly characterized the activity of the Wnt/PCP regulation pathway in low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. Subtyping based on the expression pattern of the Wnt/PCP regulation pathway revealed three (C1–C3) subgroups with significant survival differences. Each group displayed distinct genomic characteristics. For instance, C1 was enriched with capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC) truncating mutations and 1p19q codel. C2 was characterized with tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ATRX chromatin remodeler (ATRX) inactivating mutations but depletion of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations. C3 showed elevated malignancy reflected from several oncogenic characteristics, such as tumor heterogeneity and cell stemness, and demonstrated the worst survival outcome. In addition, C3 showed elevated macrophage segregation via induction of cytokines that are able to enhance the permeability of the brain–blood barrier (BBB). Lastly, we developed a prognostic model based on the risk score system. Validation indicated that our model can independently predict the prognosis of LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Southern District of Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, Sanya, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lan Su
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sizhen Wang
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunming Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Guan
- Health Economics Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Dastmalchi F, Deleyrolle LP, Karachi A, Mitchell DA, Rahman M. Metabolomics Monitoring of Treatment Response to Brain Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691246. [PMID: 34150663 PMCID: PMC8209463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized care for many solid tissue malignancies, and is being investigated for efficacy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. Identifying a non-invasive monitoring technique such as metabolomics monitoring to predict patient response to immunotherapy has the potential to simplify treatment decision-making and to ensure therapy is tailored based on early patient response. Metabolomic analysis of peripheral immune response is feasible due to large metabolic shifts that immune cells undergo when activated. The utility of this approach is under investigation. In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes induced during activation of an immune response, and the role of metabolic profiling to monitor immune responses in the context of immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors. This review provides original insights into how metabolomics monitoring could have an important impact in the field of tumor immunotherapy if achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Dastmalchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aida Karachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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16
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Zeng C, Wang J, Li M, Wang H, Lou F, Cao S, Lu C. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Chinese Patients with Glioma by Extensive Next-Generation Sequencing Panel Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3573-3588. [PMID: 33953611 PMCID: PMC8092857 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s291681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tremendous efforts have been made to explore biomarkers for classifying and grading glioma. However, the majority of the current understanding is based on public databases that might not accurately reflect the Asian population. Here, we investigated the genetic landscape of Chinese glioma patients using a validated multigene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to provide a strong rationale for the future classification and prognosis of glioma in this population. Methods We analyzed 83 samples, consisting of 71 initial treatments and 12 recurrent surgical tumors, from 81 Chinese patients with gliomas by performing multigene NGS with an Acornmed panel targeting 808 cancer-related hotspot genes, including genes related to glioma (hotspots, selected exons or complete coding sequences) and full-length SNPs located on chromosomes 1 and 19. Results A total of 76 (91.57%) glioma samples had at least one somatic mutation. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, TERT, IDH1, PTEN, ATRX, and EGFR. Approximately one-third of cases exhibited more than one copy number variation. Of note, this study identified the amplification of genes, such as EGFR and PDGFRA, which were significantly associated with glioblastoma but had not been previously used for clinical classification (P<0.05). Significant differences in genomic profiles between different pathological subtypes and WHO grade were observed. Compared to the MSKCC database primarily comprised of Caucasians, H3F3A mutations and MET amplifications exhibited higher mutation rates, whereas TERT mutations and EGFR and CDKN2A/B copy number variations presented a lower mutation rate in Chinese patients with glioma (P<0.05). Conclusion Our multigene NGS in the simultaneous evaluation of multiple relevant markers revealed several novel genetic alterations in Chinese patients with glioma. NGS-based molecular analysis is a reliable and effective method for diagnosing brain tumors, assisting clinicians in evaluating additional potential therapeutic options, such as targeted therapy, for glioma patients in different racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huina Wang
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lou
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanbo Cao
- Acornmed Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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17
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Prosniak M, Harshyne LA, Gorky J, Curtis MT, Kenyon LC, Schwaber JS, Lebrun A, Kean RB, Andrews DW, Hooper DC. Systemic Immune Bias Delineates Malignant Astrocytoma Survival Cohorts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1483-1492. [PMID: 33685995 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with grade III anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) separate into survival cohorts based on the presence or absence of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Progression to glioblastoma (GBM), morphologically distinguishable by elevated microvascular proliferation, necrosis, and cell division in tumor tissues, is considerably more rapid in IDH wild-type tumors such that their diagnosis as AA is relatively rare. More often initially presenting as GBM, these contain higher numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) than most AA, and GBM patients also have higher levels of circulating M2 monocytes. TAM and M2 monocytes share functional properties inhibitory for antitumor immunity. Yet, although there is a wealth of data implicating TAM in tumor-immune evasion, there has been limited analysis of the impact of the circulating M2 monocytes. In the current study, immune parameters in sera, circulating cells, and tumor tissues from patients with primary gliomas morphologically diagnosed as AA were assessed. Profound differences in serum cytokines, glioma extracellular vesicle cross-reactive Abs, and gene expression by circulating cells identified two distinct patient cohorts. Evidence of type 2-immune bias was most often seen in patients with IDH wild-type AA, whereas a type 1 bias was common in patients with tumors expressing the IDH1R132H mutation. Nevertheless, a patient's immune profile was better correlated with the extent of tumor vascular enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging than IDH mutational status. Regardless of IDH genotype, AA progression appears to be associated with a switch in systemic immune bias from type 1 to type 2 and the loss of tumor vasculature integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prosniak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Jonathan Gorky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Mark T Curtis
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Lawrence C Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - James S Schwaber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Aurore Lebrun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Rhonda B Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - David W Andrews
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
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18
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Non-Invasive Prediction of IDH Mutation in Patients with Glioma WHO II/III/IV Based on F-18-FET PET-Guided In Vivo 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113406. [PMID: 33212941 PMCID: PMC7698334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 75–80% of according to the classification of world health organization (WHO) grade II and III gliomas are characterized by a mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes, which are very important in glioma cell metabolism. Patients with IDH mutated glioma have a significantly better prognosis than patients with IDH wildtype status, typically seen in glioblastoma WHO grade IV. Here we used a prospective O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) positron emission tomography guided single-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach to predict the IDH status before surgery. Finally, 34 patients were included in this neuroimaging study, of whom eight had additionally tissue analysis. Using a machine learning technique, we predicted IDH status with an accuracy of 88.2%, a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 75.0%. It was newly recognized, that two metabolites (myo-inositol and glycine) have a particularly important role in the determination of the IDH status. Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 mutation is an important prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in glioma. Immunohistological and molecular diagnosis of IDH mutation status is invasive. To avoid tumor biopsy, dedicated spectroscopic techniques have been proposed to detect D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), the main metabolite of IDH, directly in vivo. However, these methods are technically challenging and not broadly available. Therefore, we explored the use of machine learning for the non-invasive, inexpensive and fast diagnosis of IDH status in standard 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). To this end, 30 of 34 consecutive patients with known or suspected glioma WHO grade II-IV were subjected to metabolic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) for optimized voxel placement in 1H-MRS. Routine 1H-magnetic resonance (1H-MR) spectra of tumor and contralateral healthy brain regions were acquired on a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance (3T-MR) scanner, prior to surgical tumor resection and molecular analysis of IDH status. Since 2-HG spectral signals were too overlapped for reliable discrimination of IDH mutated (IDHmut) and IDH wild-type (IDHwt) glioma, we used a nested cross-validation approach, whereby we trained a linear support vector machine (SVM) on the complete spectral information of the 1H-MRS data to predict IDH status. Using this approach, we predicted IDH status with an accuracy of 88.2%, a sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI, 77.2–99.9%) and a specificity of 75.0% (95% CI, 42.9–94.5%), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) amounted to 0.83. Subsequent ex vivo 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) measurements performed on metabolite extracts of resected tumor material (eight specimens) revealed myo-inositol (M-ins) and glycine (Gly) to be the major discriminators of IDH status. We conclude that our approach allows a reliable, non-invasive, fast and cost-effective prediction of IDH status in a standard clinical setting.
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19
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase variants in cancer - Cellular consequences and therapeutic opportunities. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 57:122-134. [PMID: 32777735 PMCID: PMC7487778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism is common in cancer cells and often correlates with mutations in genes encoding for enzymes involved in small-molecule metabolism. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is the most frequently mutated metabolic gene in cancer. Cancer-associated substitutions in IDH1 and IDH2 impair wild-type production of 2-oxoglutarate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) from isocitrate and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+ ), and substantially promote the IDH variant catalysed conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2HG). Elevated d-2HG is a biomarker for some cancers, and inhibition of IDH1 and IDH2 variants is being pursued as a medicinal chemistry target. We provide an overview of the types of cancer-associated IDH variants, discuss some of the proposed consequences of altered metabolism as a result of elevated d-2HG, summarise therapeutic efforts targeting IDH variants and identify areas for future research.
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20
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Milano MT, Chan MD, Minniti G, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, Redmond KJ, Soltys SG. The IMPACT of Molecular Grading of Gliomas on Contemporary Clinical Practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:859-862. [PMID: 32698972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Milano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Giuseppe Minniti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Jona A Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scott G Soltys
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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21
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Choi CH, Stegmayr C, Shymanskaya A, Worthoff WA, da Silva NA, Felder J, Langen KJ, Shah NJ. An in vivo multimodal feasibility study in a rat brain tumour model using flexible multinuclear MR and PET systems. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:50. [PMID: 32728773 PMCID: PMC7391464 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to the structural information afforded by 1H MRI, the use of X-nuclei, such as sodium-23 (23Na) or phosphorus-31 (31P), offers important complementary information concerning physiological and biochemical parameters. By then combining this technique with PET, which provides valuable insight into a wide range of metabolic and molecular processes by using of a variety of radioactive tracers, the scope of medical imaging and diagnostics can be significantly increased. While the use of multimodal imaging is undoubtedly advantageous, identifying the optimal combination of these parameters to diagnose a specific dysfunction is very important and is advanced by the use of sophisticated imaging techniques in specific animal models. Methods In this pilot study, rats with intracerebral 9L gliosarcomas were used to explore a combination of sequential multinuclear MRI using a sophisticated switchable coil set in a small animal 9.4 T MRI scanner and, subsequently, a small animal PET with the tumour tracer O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET). This made it possible for in vivo multinuclear MR-PET experiments to be conducted without compromising the performance of either multinuclear MR or PET. Results High-quality in vivo images and spectra including high-resolution 1H imaging, 23Na-weighted imaging, detection of 31P metabolites and [18F]FET uptake were obtained, allowing the characterisation of tumour tissues in comparison to a healthy brain. It has been reported in the literature that these parameters are useful in the identification of the genetic profile of gliomas, particularly concerning the mutation of the isocitrate hydrogenase gene, which is highly relevant for treatment strategy. Conclusions The combination of multinuclear MR and PET in, for example, brain tumour models with specific genetic mutations will enable the physiological background of signal alterations to be explored and the identification of the optimal combination of imaging parameters for the non-invasive characterisation of the molecular profile of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Choi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Carina Stegmayr
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Wieland A Worthoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Nuno A da Silva
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Felder
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Section JARA-BRAIN, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. .,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. .,JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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