1
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Qian X, Ji J, Zhao Y, Guo J, Duan A, Yuan X, Wang H, Zhou S, Li X. Rational design of waste anode graphite-derived carbon catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for atrazine degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119296. [PMID: 38824985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
As the rapidly growing number of waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the recycling and reutilization of anode graphite is of increasing interest. Converting waste anode graphite into functional materials may be a sensible option. Herein, a series of carbonaceous catalysts (TG) were successfully prepared using spent anode graphite calcined at various temperatures and applied for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade atrazine (ATZ). The catalyst obtained at 800 °C (TG-800) showed the optimum performance for ATZ removal (99.2% in 6 min). Various experimental conditions were explored to achieve the optimum efficiency of the system. In the TG-800/PMS system, free radicals (e.g., SO4·-, HO·), singlet oxygen (1O2), together with a direct electron transfer pathway all participated in ATZ degradation, and the ketonic (CO) group was proved as the leading catalytic site for PMS activation. The potential degradation routes of ATZ have also been presented. According to the toxicity assessment experiments, the toxicity of the intermediate products decreased. The reusability and universal applicability of the TG-800 were also confirmed. This research not only provides an efficient PMS activator for pollutant degradation, but also offers a meaningful reference for the recovery of waste anode graphite to develop environmentally functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Qian
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jingqin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yanlan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Jiayin Guo
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hou Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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2
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Wei J, Wang X, Wu X. Recycle graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries for H 2O 2 electrosynthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98183-98194. [PMID: 37606776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
On-site H2O2 synthesis via the two-electron route oxygen reduction reaction for environmental remediation is attractive. This work offers a novel strategy for both spent graphite recovery and H2O2 electrosynthesis catalyst preparation. The graphite is directly recycled from spent lithium-ion batteries to an H2O2 electrosynthesis catalyst. From the view of sustainable development and environmental protection, the H2O2 electrosynthesis catalyst prepared using spent graphite is eco-friendly and cost-efficient. The surface functional groups of the recycled graphite are finely tuned by the HNO3 medium to induce -COOH and C-O-C groups. The activated graphite exhibits high H2O2 activity and selectivity, compared to the raw spent graphite. The activated graphite can achieve an H2O2 Faradic efficiency of about 80%. The activated graphite has a good prospect for T-acid wastewater treatment as the H2O2 generation catalyst. Almost 92% of chemical oxygen demand can be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucai Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei HuaDeLai (HDL) Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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3
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Liu H, Huang X, Tang R, Min Y, Xu Q, Hu Z, Shi P. Simultaneous peeling of precious metals in cathode and anode of spent ternary batteries using electrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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4
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Zhao S, Li G. Answer to "comments on "unveiling the recycling characteristics and trends of spent lithium-ion battery: a scientometric study" by Yuh-Shan Ho, DOI (doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17814-7)". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51368-51369. [PMID: 36626060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guangming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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5
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Stafford J, Kendrick E. Sustainable Upcycling of Spent Electric Vehicle Anodes into Solution-Processable Graphene Nanomaterials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:16529-16538. [PMID: 36398202 PMCID: PMC9650691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
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A major transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is underway
globally,
as countries target reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the
transport sector. As this rapid growth continues, significant challenges
remain around how to sustainably manage the accompanying large volumes
of waste from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries that contain valuable
rare earth and critical materials. Here, we show that high-shear exfoliation
in aqueous surfactants can upcycle spent graphite anodes recovered
from an EV into few-layer graphene dispersions. For the same hydrodynamic
conditions, we report a process yield that is 37.5% higher when using
spent graphite anodes as the precursor material over high-purity graphite
flakes. When the surfactant concentration is increased, the average
atomic layer number reduces in a similar way to that of high-purity
precursors. We find that the electrical conductance of few-layer graphene
produced using the graphite flake precursor is superior and identify
the limitations when using aqueous surfactant solutions as the exfoliation
medium for spent graphite anode material. Using these nontoxic solution-processable
nanomaterial dispersions, functional paper-based electronic circuit
boards were fabricated, illustrating the potential for end-to-end,
environmentally sustainable upcycling of spent EV anodes into new
technologies.
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Lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated by using sulfur, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as anode material derived from spent lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Geng Z, Liu J, Geng Y, Peng M, Xiong M, Shi H, Luo X. Separation and recovery of graphite from spent lithium–ion batteries for synthesizing micro-expanded sorbents. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new class of carbon adsorbent based on spent graphite is developed for the treatment of dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Geng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Geng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Mopeng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
- China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, P. R. China
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8
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Fan W, Zhang J, Ma R, Chen Y, Wang C. Regeneration of graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries via microwave calcination. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Yi C, Zhou L, Wu X, Sun W, Yi L, Yang Y. Technology for recycling and regenerating graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Recovery of metals from electroactive components of spent Li-ion batteries after leaching with formic acid. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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He K, Zhang ZY, Zhang FS. Synthesis of graphene and recovery of lithium from lithiated graphite of spent Li-ion battery. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:283-292. [PMID: 33640668 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of spent Li-ion batteries is crucial for achieving sustainable development of battery industry. Current recycling processes mainly focus on valuable metals but less attention has been paid to spent graphite, which generally ends up as secondary waste. In this study, a process for preparing graphene and recovering Li in anode as a by-product from spent graphite was developed. The key point was to re-charge the spent LIBs to generate lithium graphite intercalation compounds. The lithium graphite intercalation compounds were then subjected to a hydrolysis procedure and graphene could be produced through ultrasonic treatment via the expansion/micro-explosion mechanism. Experimental results demonstrated that 1-4 layered graphene could be efficiently produced when spent Li-ion batteries with beyond 50% capacity were re-charged. The prepared graphene showed high quantity containing few defects (ID/IG = 0.33, C/O = 13.2 by energy dispersive spectroscopy and C/O = 8.8 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). In addition, Li was simultaneously recovered in the form of battery-grade lithium carbonate in the above process. Economic analysis indicated that the graphene production cost was extremely low ($540/ton) compared to that of commercial graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu-Shen Zhang
- Department of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Cong R, Choi JY, Song JB, Jo M, Lee H, Lee CS. Characteristics and electrochemical performances of silicon/carbon nanofiber/graphene composite films as anode materials for binder-free lithium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1283. [PMID: 33446702 PMCID: PMC7809343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the interfacial study of a silicon/carbon nanofiber/graphene composite as a potentially high-performance anode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Silicon nanoparticle (Si)/carbon nanofiber (CNF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite films were prepared by simple physical filtration and an environmentally-friendly thermal reduction treatment. The films were used as high-performance anode materials for self-supporting, binder-free LIBs. Reducing graphene oxide improves the electron conductivity and adjusts to the volume change during repeated charge/discharge processes. CNFs can help maintain the structural stability and prevent the peeling off of silicon nanoparticles from the electrodes. When the fabricated Si/CNF/rGO composites were used as anodes of LIBs, the initial specific capacity was measured to be 1894.54 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. After 100 cycles, the reversible specific capacity was maintained at 964.68 mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency could reach 93.8% at the same current density. The Si/CNF/rGO composite electrode exhibited a higher specific capacity and cycle stability than an Si/rGO composite electrode. The Si/CNF/rGO composite films can effectively accommodate and buffer changes in the volume of silicon nanoparticles, form a stable solid–electrolyte interface, improve the conductivity of the electrode, and provide a fast and efficient channel for electron and ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruye Cong
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jin-Yeong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Ju-Beom Song
- Department of Chemical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Minsang Jo
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hochun Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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13
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Ruan D, Zhang Z, Wu X, Wu L, Wang F, Zou K, Du K, Hu G. Synthesizing High‐quality Graphene from Spent Anode Graphite and Further Functionalization Applying in ORR Electrocatalyst. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingshan Ruan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 P.R. China
- Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. Foshan 528100 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. Foshan 528100 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. Foshan 528100 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. Foshan 528100 P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. Foshan 528100 P. R. China
| | - Ke Zou
- Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. Foshan 528100 P. R. China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 P.R. China
| | - Guorong Hu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 P.R. China
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14
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Vadivel S, Tejangkura W, Sawangphruk M. Graphite/Graphene Composites from the Recovered Spent Zn/Carbon Primary Cell for the High-Performance Anode of Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15240-15246. [PMID: 32637797 PMCID: PMC7331064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exploring electrochemically chapped graphite/graphene composites derived from the bulk carbon rod of the spent Zn/carbon primary cell is for the advanced high-capacity lithium-ion battery anode. It is found that the synthesized graphitic carbon has grain boundary defects with multilayered exfoliation. Such material exhibits an average specific capacity of 458 mA h g-1 at 0.2 C, which is higher than the theoretical specific capacity (372 mA h g-1) of graphite. The differential specific capacity calculations also show no significant difference in lithiation and delithiation potentials for the exfoliated sample at the low voltage. However, two additional plateaus have also been observed at ∼1.2 and 2.5 V, which confirms the formation of the LiC3 phase similar to lithiation of graphene. Hence, the superior lithiation ability and thecycling stability of defected graphite/graphene flakes may be useful for the sustainable development of next-generation high energy lithium-ion batteries. Also, waste recovery tends to reduce the risk of environmental pollution and the cost of raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvamani Vadivel
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Worapol Tejangkura
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Montree Sawangphruk
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Centre
of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology (CEST), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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