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Mutunga T, Sinanovic S, Harrison CS. Integrating Wireless Remote Sensing and Sensors for Monitoring Pesticide Pollution in Surface and Groundwater. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3191. [PMID: 38794044 PMCID: PMC11125874 DOI: 10.3390/s24103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Water constitutes an indispensable resource crucial for the sustenance of humanity, as it plays an integral role in various sectors such as agriculture, industrial processes, and domestic consumption. Even though water covers 71% of the global land surface, governments have been grappling with the challenge of ensuring the provision of safe water for domestic use. A contributing factor to this situation is the persistent contamination of available water sources rendering them unfit for human consumption. A common contaminant, pesticides are not frequently tested for despite their serious effects on biodiversity. Pesticide determination in water quality assessment is a challenging task because the procedures involved in the extraction and detection are complex. This reduces their popularity in many monitoring campaigns despite their harmful effects. If the existing methods of pesticide analysis are adapted by leveraging new technologies, then information concerning their presence in water ecosystems can be exposed. Furthermore, beyond the advantages conferred by the integration of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), and big data analytics, a notable outcome is the attainment of a heightened degree of granularity in the information of water ecosystems. This paper discusses methods of pesticide detection in water, emphasizing the possible use of electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and paper-based sensors in wireless sensing. It also explores the application of WSNs in water, the IoT, computing models, ML, and big data analytics, and their potential for integration as technologies useful for pesticide monitoring in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Mutunga
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, UK; (S.S.); (C.S.H.)
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Hu G, Liu W, Li L. Identification and quantification of cucurbitacin in watermelon frost using molecular networking integrated with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300019. [PMID: 37269211 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon frost, a traditional Chinese medicine produced using watermelon and Glauber's salt, has been widely used for the therapy of oral and throat disorders. Watermelon contains various phytochemical compounds including cucurbitacins and their glycoside derivatives, which have attracted considerable attention because of their medicinal values. However, whether the composition of cucurbitacins existed in watermelon frost was rarely reported. In this study, three cucurbitacins including cucurbitacin B, isocucurbitacin B, and cucurbitacin E were found from watermelon frost extract assisted by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and molecular networking guided strategy, and the compounds were verified using standard solutions. Furthermore, a quantification method for simultaneously targeted analysis of cucurbitacins was established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Among them, cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin E in watermelon frost samples were determined, and the concentrations were 3.78 ± 0.18 and 0.86 ± 0.19 ng/ml, respectively. While isocucurbitacin B was not detected due to the lower content possibly. In conclusion, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with molecular networking is a very useful technique for the rapid identification of unknown cucurbitacin components in watermelon frost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhou Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Environmental and Bioengineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Zhang Q, Ma C, Duan Y, Wu X, Lv D, Luo J. Determination and dietary intake risk assessment of 35 pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) from Hainan province, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5523. [PMID: 35365691 PMCID: PMC8975881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in cowpea raises serious health concerns. In this study, a novel, sensitive, high-performance method was developed to simultaneously analyze the residues of 35 pesticides in cowpea samples from growing areas in the Hainan province of China, from November 2018 to June 2021. The method employs modified QuEChERS sample pretreatment coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of quantification of the 35 pesticides in the cowpea matrix ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 μg/kg. Twenty-seven of the 35 pesticides were detected, twelve of which are banned for use on legumes in China. Residues for ten pesticides in 17.1% of the samples exceeded their MRLs, with the highest exceedance of 380% observed in difenoconazole. Moreover, 80.8% of the samples contained one or more pesticide residues, with the most frequently detected pesticide being chlorfenapyr with a detection rate of 46.3%. In addition, the pesticide triazophos was detected through different years and regions. Notably, the chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of the detected pesticides, evaluated from the national estimated acceptable daily intake, was lower than 100% in Chinese people of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China. .,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Chen Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yun Duan
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jinhui Luo
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
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Dose-independent genotoxic response in A549 cell line exposed to fungicide Iprodione. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:1071-1079. [PMID: 33245377 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fungicide Iprodione is widely applied in vegetables and raises concern for human health. The A549 human lung carcinoma cell line is a suitable model for assessing the toxicological effects of drugs. The goal of this work was to evaluate the genotoxicity and oxidative stress in the A549 cell line exposed to sublethal concentrations from 3 to 100 µg/mL Iprodione considering LC50 = 243.4 µg/mL Iprodione, as determined by the MTT assay. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) were performed to determine the association between the responses NDI, MNim and MNib and the explanatory variables. Iprodione and solvent were relativized to the control whereas the concentration was included as numeric variable. ANOVA was used for the comparison of treatments. The coefficients of linear association between the explanatory variables and NDI, and the coefficients of logistic association between explanatory variables and MNim were not significant. However, these coefficients showed significant association with MNib only for Iprodione treatment but not for Iprodione concentration, indicating lack of dose-response relationship. Genotoxicity risk assessment indicated that the increase in Iprodione concentrations increased slightly the probability of belonging to the genotoxic category. ANOVA showed significant differences in MNib, and non-significant differences in NDI and MNim among treatments. The oxidative stress analysis performed at 3, 12, and 25 μg/mL Iprodione showed a significant and linear increase in SOD, and a significant and linear decrease in GSH and GST. The Dunnett test was significant for GSH at 12 and SOD at 25 μg/mL.
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Zhu Y, Du P, Yang J, Yin Q, Yang Y. Screening of multiclass pesticide residues in maca and Moringa oleifera by a modified QuEChERS sample preparation procedure and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36906-36919. [PMID: 35517969 PMCID: PMC9057067 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of 75 pesticides in maca and Moringa oleifera with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The developed method was validated in accordance with linearity, linear range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and matrix effect. Each analyte had good linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the corresponding concentration range. The method LOD and LOQ values of all the analytes ranged from 0.01 μg kg−1 to 303.35 μg kg−1 and 0.03 μg kg−1 to 1011.15 μg kg−1, respectively. The recoveries (n = 6) of the analyzed pesticides were in the range of 75.92–113.43%. The RSDs of precision were between 0.60% and 7.36%. All matrix effect values ranged from 81.79% to 118.71% and 80.36% to 119.64% in maca and Moringa oleifera, respectively. The analysis of 103 samples showed the presence of isofenphos-methyl in some of them. The method had a good application prospect and could be used as a general approach for the quantitative determination of pesticide residues in food. In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was proposed for the simultaneous analysis of 75 pesticides in maca and Moringa oleifera with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhu
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China +86-87165113971 +86-87165113971.,Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Ping Du
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China +86-87165113971 +86-87165113971.,Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 China
| | - Jun Yang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China +86-87165113971 +86-87165113971.,Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 China
| | - Qinhong Yin
- Faculty of Narcotics Control, Yunnan Police College Kunming 650223 China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
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