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Mattingly E, Barksdale AC, Śliwiak M, Chacon-Caldera J, Mason EE, Wald LL. Open-source device for high sensitivity magnetic particle spectroscopy, relaxometry, and hysteresis loop tracing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:063706. [PMID: 38921057 PMCID: PMC11210977 DOI: 10.1063/5.0191946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used extensively across numerous disciples, with applications including Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), targeted hyperthermia, deep brain stimulation, immunoassays, and thermometry. The assessment of MNPs, especially those being designed for MPI, is performed with magnetic particle spectrometers, relaxometers, loop tracers, or similar devices. Despite the many applications and the need for particle assessment, there are few consolidated resources for designing or building such a MNP assessment system. Here, we describe the design and performance of an open-source device capable of spectroscopy, relaxometry, and loop tracing. We show example measurements from the device and quantify the detection sensitivity by measuring a dilution series of Synomag-D 70 nm (from 0.5 mg Fe/ml to 7 ng Fe/ml) with a 10 mT drive field at 23.8 kHz. The device measures 260 pg Fe with SNR = 1 and 1.3 ng at SNR = 5 in spectroscopy mode in under one second of measurement time. The system has a dynamic range of 60 μg to 260 pg Fe without changing the hardware configuration. As an example application, we characterize Synomag-D's relaxation time constant for drive fields 2-18 mT and compare the magnetization responses of two commonly used MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mattingly
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A. C. Barksdale
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambidge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M. Śliwiak
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - J. Chacon-Caldera
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - E. E. Mason
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - L. L. Wald
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Critical Offset Magnetic PArticle SpectroScopy for rapid and highly sensitive medical point-of-care diagnostics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7230. [PMID: 36433976 PMCID: PMC9700695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been adapted for many applications, e.g., bioassays for the detection of biomarkers such as antibodies, by controlled engineering of specific surface properties. Specific measurement of such binding states is of high interest but currently limited to highly sensitive techniques such as ELISA or flow cytometry, which are relatively inflexible, difficult to handle, expensive and time-consuming. Here we report a method named COMPASS (Critical-Offset-Magnetic-Particle-SpectroScopy), which is based on a critical offset magnetic field, enabling sensitive detection to minimal changes in mobility of MNP ensembles, e.g., resulting from SARS-CoV-2 antibodies binding to the S antigen on the surface of functionalized MNPs. With a sensitivity of 0.33 fmole/50 µl (≙7 pM) for SARS-CoV-2-S1 antibodies, measured with a low-cost portable COMPASS device, the proposed technique is competitive with respect to sensitivity while providing flexibility, robustness, and a measurement time of seconds per sample. In addition, initial results with blood serum demonstrate high specificity.
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Rodriguez AFR, Dos Santos CC, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Bakenecker AC, Chaves YO, Mariúba LAM, Brandt JV, Amantea BE, de Santana RC, Marques RFC, Jafelicci M, Morales MA. Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity assays of amino acids functionalized magnetite nanoparticles: Hyperthermia and flow cytometry applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112097. [PMID: 33965107 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) and their functionalization with glycine (MNPGly), β-alanine (MNPAla), L-phenylalanine (MNPPhAla), D-(-)-α-phenylglycine (MNPPhGly) amino acids. The functionalized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), magnetic hyperthermia (MH), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The functionalized nanoparticles had isoelectric points (IEP) at pH ≃ 4.4, 5.8, 5.9 and 6.8 for samples MNPGly, MNPAla, MNPPhGly and MNPPhAla, respectively, while pure magnetite had an IEP at pH 5.6. In the MH experiments, the samples showed specific absorption rate (SAR) of 64, 71, 74, 81 and 66 W/g for MNP, MNPGly, MNPAla, MNPPhGly, and MNPPhAla, respectively. We used a flow cytometric technique to determine the cellular magnetic nanoparticles plus amino acids content. Magnetic fractionation and characterization of Resovist® magnetic nanoparticles were performed for applications in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). We have also studied the antiproliferative and antiparasitic effects of functionalized MNPs. Overall, the data showed that the functionalized nanoparticles have great potential for using as environmental, antitumor, antiparasitic agents and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo F R Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69920-900, Brazil.
| | - Caio C Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
| | - K Lüdtke-Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lubeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna C Bakenecker
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lubeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yury O Chaves
- Diagnostic Laboratory and Control of Infectious Diseases in The Amazon - DCDIA Institute Leonidas e Maria Deane, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, street Teresina 476 Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luis A M Mariúba
- Diagnostic Laboratory and Control of Infectious Diseases in The Amazon - DCDIA Institute Leonidas e Maria Deane, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, street Teresina 476 Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - João V Brandt
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno E Amantea
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C de Santana
- Materials Physics Group, Physics Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F C Marques
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Miguel Jafelicci
- Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Colloids, Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Marco A Morales
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
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Löwa N, Gutkelch D, Welge EA, Welz R, Meier F, Baki A, Bleul R, Klein T, Wiekhorst F. Novel Benchtop Magnetic Particle Spectrometer for Process Monitoring of Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112277. [PMID: 33213004 PMCID: PMC7698567 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles combine unique magnetic properties that can be used in a variety of biomedical applications for therapy and diagnostics. These applications place high demands on the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. Thus, research, development, and quality assurance of magnetic nanoparticles requires powerful analytical methods that are capable of detecting relevant structural and, above all, magnetic parameters. By directly coupling nanoparticle synthesis with magnetic detectors, relevant nanoparticle properties can be obtained and evaluated, and adjustments can be made to the manufacturing process in real time. This work presents a sensitive and fast magnetic detector for online characterization of magnetic nanoparticles during their continuous micromixer synthesis. The detector is based on the measurement of the nonlinear dynamic magnetic response of magnetic nanoparticles exposed to an oscillating excitation at a frequency of 25 kHz, a technique also known as magnetic particle spectroscopy. Our results underline the excellent suitability of the developed magnetic online detection for coupling with magnetic nanoparticle synthesis based on the micromixer approach. The proven practicability and reliability of the detector for process monitoring forms the basis for further application fields, e.g., as a monitoring tool for chromatographic separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Löwa
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (D.G.); (E.-A.W.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-3481-7736
| | - Dirk Gutkelch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (D.G.); (E.-A.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Ernst-Albrecht Welge
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (D.G.); (E.-A.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Roland Welz
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 14, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany; (R.W.); (F.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 14, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany; (R.W.); (F.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Abdulkader Baki
- Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrotechnik und Mikrosysteme IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrotechnik und Mikrosysteme IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany; (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Thorsten Klein
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 14, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany; (R.W.); (F.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (D.G.); (E.-A.W.); (F.W.)
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