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Pillai S, Munguia-Lopez JG, Tran SD. Bioengineered Salivary Gland Microtissues─A Review of 3D Cellular Models and their Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2620-2636. [PMID: 38591955 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Salivary glands (SGs) play a vital role in maintaining oral health through the production and release of saliva. Injury to SGs can lead to gland hypofunction and a decrease in saliva secretion manifesting as xerostomia. While symptomatic treatments for xerostomia exist, effective permanent solutions are still lacking, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches. Significant progress has been made in the field of three-dimensional (3D) SG bioengineering for applications in gland regeneration. This has been achieved through a major focus on cell culture techniques, including soluble cues and biomaterial components of the 3D niche. Cells derived from both adult and embryonic SGs have highlighted key in vitro characteristics of SG 3D models. While still in its first decade of exploration, SG spheroids and organoids have so far served as crucial tools to study SG pathophysiology. This review, based on a literature search over the past decade, covers the importance of SG cell types in the realm of their isolation, sourcing, and culture conditions that modulate the 3D microenvironment. We discuss different biomaterials employed for SG culture and the current advances made in bioengineering SG models using them. The success of these 3D cellular models are further evaluated in the context of their applications in organ transplantation and in vitro disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jose G Munguia-Lopez
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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Rose SC, Larsen M, Xie Y, Sharfstein ST. Salivary Gland Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 38247905 PMCID: PMC10813147 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction affects millions globally, and tissue engineering may provide a promising therapeutic avenue. This review delves into the current state of salivary gland tissue engineering research, starting with a study of normal salivary gland development and function. It discusses the impact of fibrosis and cellular senescence on salivary gland pathologies. A diverse range of cells suitable for tissue engineering including cell lines, primary salivary gland cells, and stem cells are examined. Moreover, the paper explores various supportive biomaterials and scaffold fabrication methodologies that enhance salivary gland cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. Innovative engineering strategies for the improvement of vascularization, innervation, and engraftment of engineered salivary gland tissue, including bioprinting, microfluidic hydrogels, mesh electronics, and nanoparticles, are also evaluated. This review underscores the promising potential of this research field for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction and suggests directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Rose
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA;
| | - Yubing Xie
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
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Thiemann RF, Varney S, Moskwa N, Lamar J, Larsen M, LaFlamme SE. Regulation of myoepithelial differentiation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268668. [PMID: 35617216 PMCID: PMC9135247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland can be permanently impaired by radiation treatment for head and neck cancers. Efforts at tissue regeneration have focused on saliva-producing acinar cells. However, myoepithelial cells are also critical to gland function, but mechanisms that regulate their differentiation are poorly defined. To study myoepithelial differentiation, we employed mSG-PAC1 murine salivary gland epithelial cells. We demonstrate that mSG-PAC1 spheroids exhibit phenotypic plasticity between pro-acinar and myoepithelial cell fates. Increased expression of pro-acinar/acinar or myoepithelial RNAs was identified from spheroids cultured under different media conditions by microarray followed by gene-set enrichment analysis. Spheroids cultured with different medium components expressed proteins typical of either acinar or myoepithelial cells, as detected by immunocytochemistry. We demonstrate that the pattern of TAZ expression in the epithelial compartment of the differentiating murine salivary gland correlates with the expression of the myoepithelial marker alpha-SMA, as is the case for TAZ expression in mSG-PAC1 spheroids. Our analysis also indicates that YAP/TAZ target genes are upregulated together with myoepithelial markers. Importantly, siRNA targeting of TAZ expression in mSG-PAC1 spheroids diminished the expression of myoepithelial markers. Our results in this in vitro cell model implicate TAZ signaling in myoepithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F. Thiemann
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Varney
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - John Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan E. LaFlamme
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mendonca A, Sánchez O, Zhao H, Lin L, Min A, Yuan C. Development and application of novel BiFC probes for cell sorting based on epigenetic modification. Cytometry A 2022; 101:339-350. [PMID: 35001539 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic signature of cancer cells varies with disease progression and drug treatment, necessitating the study of these modifications with single cell resolution over time. The rapid detection and sorting of cells based on their underlying epigenetic modifications by flow cytometry can enable single cell measurement and tracking to understand tumor heterogeneity and progression warranting the development of a live-cell compatible epigenome probes. In this work, we developed epigenetic probes based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and demonstrated their capabilities in quantifying and sorting cells based on their epigenetic modification contents. The sorted cells are viable and exhibit distinctive responses to chemo-therapy drugs. Notably, subpopulations of MCF7 cells with higher H3K9me3 levels are more likely to develop resistance to Doxorubicin. Subpopulations with higher 5mC levels, on the other hand, tend to be more responsive. Overall, we report for the first time, the application of novel split probes in flow cytometry application and elucidated the potential role of 5mC and H3K9me3 in determining drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Mendonca
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Oscar Sánchez
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Han Zhao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Alan Min
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Ikeda A, Yamamoto T, Mineshiba J, Takashiba S. Follistatin expressed in mechanically-damaged salivary glands of male mice induces proliferation of CD49f + cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19959. [PMID: 33203957 PMCID: PMC7673039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands (SGs) are very important for maintaining the physiological functions of the mouth. When SGs regenerate and repair from various damages, including mechanical, radiological, and immune diseases, acinar and granular duct cells originate from intercalated duct cells. However, the recovery is often insufficient because of SGs' limited self-repair function. Furthermore, the precise repair mechanism has been unclear. Here, we focused on CD49f, one of the putative stem cell markers, and characterized CD49f positive cells (CD49f+ cells) isolated from male murine SGs. CD49f+ cells possess self-renewal ability and express epithelial and pluripotent markers. Compared to CD49f negative cells, freshly isolated CD49f+ cells highly expressed inhibin beta A and beta B, which are components of activin that has anti-proliferative effects. Notably, an inhibitor of activin, follistatin was expressed in mechanically-damaged SGs, meanwhile no follistatin was expressed in normal SGs in vivo. Moreover, sub-cultured CD49f+ cells highly expressed both Follistatin and a series of proliferative genes, expressions of which were decreased by Follistatin siRNA. These findings indicated that the molecular interaction between activin and follistatin may induce CD49f+ cells proliferation in the regeneration and repair of mouse SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ikeda
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - J Mineshiba
- Hanamizuki Dental Clinic, 285-2 Hirano, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-0151, Japan
| | - S Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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