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Banchi P, Spanoghe L, Maes D, Morrell J, Van Soom A. The reproductive microbiome in dogs: Friend or foe? Vet J 2024; 304:106100. [PMID: 38484870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of the reproductive tract is an area of research in full development. Specifically, the microbiome may be involved in reproductive health, disease, and pregnancy outcomes, as has been shown in humans and animals, including dogs. The aim of the present review was to summarize current knowledge on the microbiome of the canine reproductive tract, to expose the controversial role that some bacterial agents may play in canine subfertility, and to highlight future research perspectives. This review discussed whether the use of antimicrobials in dogs is appropriate to increase reproductive performance and to treat subfertility without proper diagnosis, and the possible use of probiotics to modulate the reproductive canine microbiome. Finally, we indicate areas in which scientific knowledge is currently lacking, and could be promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Banchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.
| | - Lotte Spanoghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Jane Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Feng Y, Ho KL, Zhang M, Sundaresha NB, Cavanagh HL, Zhao S. Canine major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) diversity landscape. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580220. [PMID: 38405923 PMCID: PMC10888748 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) are among the most diverse in the mammalian genome, playing a crucial role in immunology. Understanding the diversity landscape of MHC-I is therefore of paramount importance. The dog is a key translational model in various biomedical fields. However, our understanding of the canine MHC-I diversity landscape lags significantly behind that of humans. To address this deficiency, we used our newly developed software, KPR de novo assembler and genotyper, to genotype 1,325 samples from 1,025 dogs with paired-end RNA-seq data from 43 BioProjects, after extensive quality control. Among 926 dogs that pass the QC, 591 dogs (64%) have at least one allele genotyped, and a total of 97 known alleles and 52 putative new alleles were identified. Further analysis reveals that DLA-I gene expression levels vary among the tissues, with lowest for testis and brain tissues and highest for blood, corpus luteum, and spleen. We identified dominant alleles in each of the 17 canine breeds, as well as among the entire canine population. Furthermore, our analysis also identifies breed-specific alleles and mutually co-occurred/exclusive alleles. Our study indicates that canine DLA-88 is as diversified as human HLA-A/B/C genes within the entire population, but less diversified within a breed than with HLA-A/B/C within an ethnic group. Lastly, we examined the hypervariable regions (HVR) within or across human/canine MHC-I alleles and found that 80% of the HVRs overlap between the two species. We further noted that 80% of the HVRs are within 4A contact with the peptides, and that the dog-human difference overlaps with only 20% HVRs. Our research offers valuable insights for immunological studies involving dogs.
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Nascente EDP, Amorim RL, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Moura VMBD. Comparative Pathobiology of Canine and Human Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2727. [PMID: 35681707 PMCID: PMC9179314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 1817, prostate cancer is considered a complex neoplastic entity, and one of the main causes of death in men in the western world. In dogs, prostatic carcinoma (PC) exhibits undifferentiated morphology with different phenotypes, is hormonally independent of aggressive character, and has high rates of metastasis to different organs. Although in humans, the risk factors for tumor development are known, in dogs, this scenario is still unclear, especially regarding castration. Therefore, with the advent of molecular biology, studies were and are carried out with the aim of identifying the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of canine PC, aiming to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. However, there are extensive gaps to be filled, especially when considering the dog as experimental model for the study of this neoplasm in humans. Thus, due to the complexity of the subject, the objective of this review is to present the main pathobiological aspects of canine PC from a comparative point of view to the same neoplasm in the human species, addressing the historical context and current understanding in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Paula Nascente
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil;
| | - Renée Laufer Amorim
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
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Packeiser EM, Taher L, Kong W, Ernst M, Beck J, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Brenig B, Schütz E, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. RNA-seq of nine canine prostate cancer cell lines reveals diverse therapeutic target signatures. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:54. [PMID: 35109825 PMCID: PMC8812184 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) are typically characterized by metastasis and chemoresistance. Cell lines are important model systems for developing new therapeutic strategies. However, as they adapt to culturing conditions and undergo clonal selection, they can diverge from the tissue from which they were originally derived. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of cell lines and their original tissues is paramount. METHODS This study compared the transcriptomes of nine canine cell lines derived from PAC, PAC metastasis and TCC to their respective original primary tumor or metastasis tissues. Special interests were laid on cell culture-related differences, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the prostate and bladder cancer pathways, therapeutic targets in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and genes correlated with chemoresistance towards doxorubicin and carboplatin. RESULTS Independent analyses for PAC, PAC metastasis and TCC revealed 1743, 3941 and 463 genes, respectively, differentially expressed in the cell lines relative to their original tissues (DEGs). While genes associated with tumor microenvironment were mostly downregulated in the cell lines, patient-specific EMT features were conserved. Furthermore, examination of the prostate and bladder cancer pathways revealed extensive concordance between cell lines and tissues. Interestingly, all cell lines preserved downstream PI3K-AKT signaling, but each featured a unique therapeutic target signature. Additionally, resistance towards doxorubicin was associated with G2/M cell cycle transition and cell membrane biosynthesis, while carboplatin resistance correlated with histone, m- and tRNA processing. CONCLUSION Comparative whole-transcriptome profiling of cell lines and their original tissues identifies models with conserved therapeutic target expression. Moreover, it is useful for selecting suitable negative controls, i.e., cell lines lacking therapeutic target expression, increasing the transfer efficiency from in vitro to primary neoplasias for new therapeutic protocols. In summary, the dataset presented here constitutes a rich resource for canine prostate and bladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Weibo Kong
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Ernst
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Bertram Brenig
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (CCC-MV), Campus Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Thiemeyer H, Taher L, Schille JT, Packeiser EM, Harder LK, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Brenig B, Schütz E, Beck J, Nolte I, Murua Escobar H. An RNA-Seq-Based Framework for Characterizing Canine Prostate Cancer and Prioritizing Clinically Relevant Biomarker Candidate Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11481. [PMID: 34768937 PMCID: PMC8584104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) in dogs is a highly malignant disease akin to its human counterpart. In contrast to the situation in humans, multi-gene approaches facilitating risk stratification of canine PCa are barely established. The aims of this study were the characterization of the transcriptional landscape of canine PCa and the identification of diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic biomarkers through a multi-step screening approach. RNA-Sequencing of ten malignant tissues and fine-needle aspirations (FNA), and 14 nonmalignant tissues and FNAs was performed to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and deregulated pathways. The 4098 observed DEGs were involved in 49 pathways. These 49 pathways could be grouped into five superpathways summarizing the hallmarks of canine PCa: (i) inflammatory response and cytokines; (ii) regulation of the immune system and cell death; (iii) cell surface and PI3K signaling; (iv) cell cycle; and (v) phagosome and autophagy. Among the highly deregulated, moderately to strongly expressed DEGs that were members of one or more superpathways, 169 DEGs were listed in relevant databases and/or the literature and included members of the PCa pathway, oncogenes, prostate-specific genes, and druggable genes. These genes are novel and promising candidate diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic canine PCa biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Thiemeyer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (H.T.); (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.K.H.); (I.N.)
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jan Torben Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (H.T.); (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.K.H.); (I.N.)
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (H.T.); (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.K.H.); (I.N.)
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lisa K. Harder
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (H.T.); (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.K.H.); (I.N.)
| | - Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Ekkehard Schütz
- Chronix Biomedical GmbH, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; (E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Julia Beck
- Chronix Biomedical GmbH, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; (E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (H.T.); (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.K.H.); (I.N.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (H.T.); (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.K.H.); (I.N.)
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (CCC-MV), Campus Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Metformin and sodium dichloroacetate effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic activity tested alone and in combination in a canine prostate and a bladder cancer cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257403. [PMID: 34570803 PMCID: PMC8476037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An important approach in tumor therapy is combining substances with different action mechanisms aiming to enhance the antineoplastic effect, decrease the therapeutic dosage, and avoid resistance mechanisms. Moreover, evaluating compounds already approved for the treatment of non-neoplastic diseases is promising for new antineoplastic therapies. Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) reactivates oxidative phosphorylation in the cancer cell mitochondria, reducing apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. Furthermore, metformin inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells and CD133+ cancer -stem-like cells. In the present study, we evaluated the independent and synergistic effect of metformin and DCA on the metabolic activity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis of a canine prostate adenocarcinoma (Adcarc1258) and a transitional cell carcinoma cell line (TCC1506) in comparison to a primary canine fibroblast culture. Determining metformin uptake in tumor cells was performed by quantitative HPLC. Depending on the dosage, metformin as a single agent inhibited the metabolic activity and cell proliferation of the tumor cells, showing only minor effects on the fibroblasts. Furthermore, 1 mM metformin increased apoptosis over 96 h in the tumor cell lines but not in fibroblasts. Additionally, metformin uptake into the tumor cells in vitro was measurable by quantitative HPLC. Synergistic effects for the combination therapy were observed in both neoplastic cell lines as well as in the fibroblasts. Based on these results, metformin might be a promising therapeutic agent for canine urogenital tumors. Further studies on kinetics, toxicology, bioavailability, and application of metformin in dogs are necessary.
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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Prostate Gland in Neutered Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020559. [PMID: 33672723 PMCID: PMC7924405 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatic neoplasia (PN) occurs in 5-7% of dogs with prostatic disease, with castrated dogs having the same or higher prevalence when compared to intact dogs. Considering the promising results achieved by performing contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in intact dogs to detect PN, the present study aimed to acquire data on the prostatic perfusion pattern in neutered dogs. CEUS was performed in 64 neutered dogs, using a 5-7.5 MHz linear transducer with coded harmonic capability, dedicated analytical software, and a second-generation contrast agent, SonoVue. After B-mode evaluation was performed to assess mean prostate volume, the CEUS examination was undertaken. The flow of contrast agent was visible 10 s after injection. The subcapsular vessels were highlighted and produced rapid peripheral rim enhancement. Subsequently, the contrast agent reached the prostatic urethra via the parenchymal arterioles and gradually reached the entire prostate. Perfusion peak intensity (PPI) and time to peak (TTP) values were respectively 45.3% and 34.1 s. The measured parameters were compared with those obtained in previous studies on intact dogs with normal and with pathological patterns. In this study, CEUS showed features that may be promising for its use as a diagnostic tool for early detection of PN in neutered dogs.
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Kobayashi PE, Lainetti PF, Leis-Filho AF, Delella FK, Carvalho M, Cury SS, Carvalho RF, Fonseca-Alves CE, Laufer-Amorim R. Transcriptome of Two Canine Prostate Cancer Cells Treated With Toceranib Phosphate Reveals Distinct Antitumor Profiles Associated With the PDGFR Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:561212. [PMID: 33324695 PMCID: PMC7726326 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.561212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine prostate cancer (PC) presents a poor antitumor response, usually late diagnosis and prognosis. Toceranib phosphate (TP) is a nonspecific inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-KIT. This study aimed to evaluate VEGFR2, PDGFR-β, and c-KIT protein expression in two established canine PC cell lines (PC1 and PC2) and the transcriptome profile of the cells after treatment with TP. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed VEGFR2 and PDGFR-β protein expression and the absence of c-KIT protein expression in both cell lines. After TP treatment, only the viability of PC1 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome and enrichment analyses of treated PC1 cells revealed 181 upregulated genes, which were related to decreased angiogenesis and cell proliferation. In addition, we found upregulated PDGFR-A, PDGFR-β, and PDGF-D expression in PC1 cells, and the upregulation of PDGFR-β was also observed in treated PC1 cells by qPCR. PC2 cells had fewer protein-protein interactions (PPIs), with 18 upregulated and 22 downregulated genes; the upregulated genes were involved in the regulation of parallel pathways and mechanisms related to proliferation, which could be associated with the resistance observed after treatment. The canine PC1 cell line but not the PC2 cell line showed decreased viability after treatment with TP, although both cell lines expressed PDGFR and VEGFR receptors. Further studies could explain the mechanism of resistance in PC2 cells and provide a basis for personalized treatment for dogs with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila E Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Lainetti
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio F Leis-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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