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Tan L, Wu H, Wang X, Liu Z, Hu J, Zheng X. Regulation of opsin and circadian clock genes on mate-finding behavior of the day-flying red moth, Phauda flammans (Walker). Chronobiol Int 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39046293 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2382315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
First, significantly higher mate-finding success was found under light condition than under constant darkness condition in Phauda flammans, a typical diurnal moth. We speculate that mate-finding behavior in P. flammans may be influenced by the light-sensitive opsin genes Long wavelength opsin (PfLW), Ultraviolet opsin (PfUV) and Blue opsin (PfBL), which are potentially regulated by both light-cues and endogenous circadian rhythms. Second, the circadian clock genes Period (PfPer), Timeless (PfTim), Cryptochrome1 (PfCry1), Cryptochrome2 (PfCRY2), Cryptochrome3 (PfCry-like), Clock (PfClk), Cycle (PfCyc), Vrille (PfVri), and Slimb (PfSli) were identified in P. flammans. Third, circadian rhythms in the relative expression levels of opsin and circadian clock genes were demonstrated via quantitative real-time PCR analysis, with peak expression coinciding with the mate-finding peak. Notably, the relative expression of PfLW in males P. flammans was significantly higher than that in females P. flammans at the mate-finding peaks Zeitgeber time (ZT) 8 and ZT 10 under light, while the expression of the opsin gene PfBL showed a similar pattern at ZT 10 under light. Additionally, the expression of the clock gene PfCry-like was significantly higher in males than in females at ZT 8 and ZT 10 under light, while PfPer, PfTim, PfClk and PfCyc exhibited similar male-biased expression patterns at ZT 10 under light. Conversely, PfCry1 and PfVri expression was significantly higher in females than in male at ZT 8 under light. In conclusion, sex differences were detected in the expression of opsin and circadian clock genes, which indicated that light-mediated regulation of these genes may contribute to the daytime mate-finding behavior of P. flammans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusu Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haipan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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2
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Timmins-Schiffman E, Maas AE, Khanna R, Blanco-Bercial L, Huang E, Nunn BL. Removal of Exogenous Stimuli Reveals a Canalization of Circadian Physiology in a Vertically Migrating Copepod. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38690632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Diel rhythms are observed across taxa and are important for maintaining synchrony between the environment and organismal physiology. A striking example of this is the diel vertical migration undertaken by zooplankton, some of which, such as the 5 mm-long copepod Pleuromamma xiphias (P. xiphias), migrate hundreds of meters daily between the surface ocean and deeper waters. Some of the molecular pathways that underlie the expressed phenotype at different stages of this migration are entrained by environmental variables (e.g., day length and food availability), while others are regulated by internal clocks. We identified a series of proteomic biomarkers that vary across ocean DVM and applied them to copepods incubated in 24 h of darkness to assess circadian control. The dark-incubated copepods shared some proteomic similarities to the ocean-caught copepods (i.e., increased abundance of carbohydrate metabolism proteins at night). Shipboard-incubated copepods demonstrated a clearer distinction between night and day proteomic profiles, and more proteins were differentially abundant than in the in situ copepods, even in the absence of the photoperiod and other environmental cues. This pattern suggests that there is a canalization of rhythmic diel physiology in P. xiphias that reflects likely circadian clock control over diverse molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Timmins-Schiffman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Amy E Maas
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. George's 98C3+8F, Bermuda
| | - Rayhan Khanna
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Leocadio Blanco-Bercial
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. George's 98C3+8F, Bermuda
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Just-Evotec Biologics, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Brook L Nunn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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3
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Maas AE, Timmins-Schiffman E, Tarrant AM, Nunn BL, Park J, Blanco-Bercial L. Diel metabolic patterns revealed by in situ transcriptome and proteome in a vertically migratory copepod. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17284. [PMID: 38258354 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Zooplankton undergo a diel vertical migration (DVM) which exposes them to gradients of light, temperature, oxygen, and food availability on a predictable daily schedule. Disentangling the co-varying and potentially synergistic interactions on metabolic rates has proven difficult, despite the importance of this migration for the delivery of metabolic waste products to the distinctly different daytime (deep) and nighttime (surface) habitats. This study examines the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of the circumglobal migratory copepod, Pleuromamma xiphias, over the diel cycle. The transcriptome showed that 96% of differentially expressed genes were upregulated during the middle of the day - the period often considered to be of lowest zooplankton activity. The changes in protein abundance were more spread out over time, peaking (42% of comparisons) in the early evening. Between 9:00 and 15:00, both the transcriptome and proteome datasets showed increased expression related to chitin synthesis and degradation. Additionally, at 09:00 and 22:00, there were increases in myosin and vitellogenin proteins, potentially linked to the stress of migration and/or reproductive investment. Based on protein abundances detected, there is an inferred switch in broad metabolic processes, shifting from electron transport system in the day to glycolysis and glycogen mobilization in the afternoon/evening. These observations provide evidence of the diel impact of DVM on transcriptomic and proteomic pathways that likely influence metabolic processes and subsequent excretion products, and clarify how this behaviour results in the direct rapid transport of waste metabolites from the surface to the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Maas
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, St. George's, Bermuda
| | | | - Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brook L Nunn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jea Park
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Leocadio Blanco-Bercial
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, St. George's, Bermuda
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4
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Bahlburg D, Hüppe L, Böhrer T, Thorpe SE, Murphy EJ, Berger U, Meyer B. Plasticity and seasonality of the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill using acoustic data from fishing vessels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230520. [PMID: 37771962 PMCID: PMC10523065 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill is important for understanding spatial distribution, ecophysiology, trophic interactions and carbon fluxes of this Southern Ocean key species. In this study, we analysed an eight-month continuous dataset recorded with an ES80 echosounder on board a commercial krill fishing vessel in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Our analysis supports the existing hypothesis that krill swarms migrate into deeper waters during winter but also reveals a high degree of variability in vertical migration behaviour within seasons, even at small spatial scales. During summer, we found that behaviour associated with prolonged surface presence primarily occurred at low surface chlorophyll a concentrations whereas multiple ascent-descent cycles per day occurred when surface chlorophyll a concentrations were elevated. The high plasticity, with some krill swarms behaving differently in the same location at the same time, suggests that krill behaviour is not a purely environmentally driven process. Differences in life stage, physiology and type of predator are likely other important drivers. Finally, our study demonstrates new ways of using data from krill fishing vessels, and with the routine collection of additional information in potential future projects, they have great potential to significantly advance our understanding of krill ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Bahlburg
- Forstliche Biometrie und Systemanalyse, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 8, 01737 Tharandt, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Hüppe
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilian-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thomas Böhrer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sally E. Thorpe
- Ecosystems, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Eugene J. Murphy
- Ecosystems, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Uta Berger
- Forstliche Biometrie und Systemanalyse, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 8, 01737 Tharandt, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Shao C, Sun S, Liu K, Wang J, Li S, Liu Q, Deagle BE, Seim I, Biscontin A, Wang Q, Liu X, Kawaguchi S, Liu Y, Jarman S, Wang Y, Wang HY, Huang G, Hu J, Feng B, De Pittà C, Liu S, Wang R, Ma K, Ying Y, Sales G, Sun T, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Pan S, Hao X, Wang Y, Xu J, Yue B, Sun Y, Zhang H, Xu M, Liu Y, Jia X, Zhu J, Liu S, Ruan J, Zhang G, Yang H, Xu X, Wang J, Zhao X, Meyer B, Fan G. The enormous repetitive Antarctic krill genome reveals environmental adaptations and population insights. Cell 2023; 186:1279-1294.e19. [PMID: 36868220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is Earth's most abundant wild animal, and its enormous biomass is vital to the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Here, we report a 48.01-Gb chromosome-level Antarctic krill genome, whose large genome size appears to have resulted from inter-genic transposable element expansions. Our assembly reveals the molecular architecture of the Antarctic krill circadian clock and uncovers expanded gene families associated with molting and energy metabolism, providing insights into adaptations to the cold and highly seasonal Antarctic environment. Population-level genome re-sequencing from four geographical sites around the Antarctic continent reveals no clear population structure but highlights natural selection associated with environmental variables. An apparent drastic reduction in krill population size 10 mya and a subsequent rebound 100 thousand years ago coincides with climate change events. Our findings uncover the genomic basis of Antarctic krill adaptations to the Southern Ocean and provide valuable resources for future Antarctic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shuai Sun
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Shuo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qun Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruce E Deagle
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | | | - Qian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; BGI-Beijing, Beijing 102601, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - So Kawaguchi
- Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia
| | - Yalin Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Simon Jarman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | | | - Jiang Hu
- Nextomics Biosciences Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China
| | - Bo Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | | | - Shanshan Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Kailong Ma
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yiping Ying
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Gabrielle Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Tao Sun
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Xiancai Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yang Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jiakun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Bowen Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yanxu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - He Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jue Ruan
- Agricultural Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Xianyong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carlvon Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China; Agricultural Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen 518120, China.
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6
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Raghavan V, Eichele G, Larink O, Karin EL, Söding J. RNA sequencing indicates widespread conservation of circadian clocks in marine zooplankton. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad007. [PMID: 36814456 PMCID: PMC9939569 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zooplankton are important eukaryotic constituents of marine ecosystems characterized by limited motility in the water. These metazoans predominantly occupy intermediate trophic levels and energetically link primary producers to higher trophic levels. Through processes including diel vertical migration (DVM) and production of sinking pellets they also contribute to the biological carbon pump which regulates atmospheric CO2 levels. Despite their prominent role in marine ecosystems, and perhaps, because of their staggering diversity, much remains to be discovered about zooplankton biology. In particular, the circadian clock, which is known to affect important processes such as DVM has been characterized only in a handful of zooplankton species. We present annotated de novo assembled transcriptomes from a diverse, representative cohort of 17 marine zooplankton representing six phyla and eight classes. These transcriptomes represent the first sequencing data for a number of these species. Subsequently, using translated proteomes derived from this data, we demonstrate in silico the presence of orthologs to most core circadian clock proteins from model metazoans in all sequenced species. Our findings, bolstered by sequence searches against publicly available data, indicate that the molecular machinery underpinning endogenous circadian clocks is widespread and potentially well conserved across marine zooplankton taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Otto Larink
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eli Levy Karin
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Häfker NS, Andreatta G, Manzotti A, Falciatore A, Raible F, Tessmar-Raible K. Rhythms and Clocks in Marine Organisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 15:509-538. [PMID: 36028229 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-030422-113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The regular movements of waves and tides are obvious representations of the oceans' rhythmicity. But the rhythms of marine life span across ecological niches and timescales, including short (in the range of hours) and long (in the range of days and months) periods. These rhythms regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals, as well as their interactions with each other and with the environment. This review highlights examples of rhythmicity in marine animals and algae that represent important groups of marine life across different habitats. The examples cover ecologically highly relevant species and a growing number of laboratory model systems that are used to disentangle key mechanistic principles. The review introduces fundamental concepts of chronobiology, such as the distinction between rhythmic and endogenous oscillator-driven processes. It also addresses the relevance of studying diverse rhythms and oscillators, as well as their interconnection, for making better predictions of how species will respond to environmental perturbations, including climate change. As the review aims to address scientists from the diverse fields of marine biology, ecology, and molecular chronobiology, all of which have their own scientific terms, we provide definitions of key terms throughout the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sören Häfker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Andreatta
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Manzotti
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, UMR 7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France;
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, UMR 7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France;
| | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria; ,
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life," University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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8
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Hunt R, Cable J, Ellison A. Daily patterns in parasite processes: diel variation in fish louse transcriptomes. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:509-518. [PMID: 35533730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parasites, similar to all other organisms, time themselves to environmental cues using a molecular clock to generate and maintain rhythms. Chronotherapeutic (timed treatment) techniques based on such rhythms offer great potential for improving control of chronic, problematic parasites. Fish lice are a key disease threat in aquaculture, with current control insufficient. Assessing the rhythmicity of fish lice transcriptomes offers not only insight into the viability of chronotherapy, but the opportunity to identify new drug targets. Here, for the first known time in any crustacean parasite, diel changes in gene transcription are examined, revealing that approximately half of the Argulus foliaceus annotated transcriptome displays significant daily rhythmicity. We identified rhythmically transcribed putative clock genes including core clock/cycle and period/timeless pairs, alongside rhythms in feeding-associated genes and processes involving immune response, as well as fish louse drug targets. A substantial number of gene pathways showed peak transcription in hours immediately preceding onset of light, potentially in anticipation of peak host anti-parasite responses or in preparation for increased feeding activity. Genes related to immune haemocyte activity and chitin development were more highly transcribed 4 h post light onset, although inflammatory gene transcription was highest during dark periods. Our study provides an important resource for application of chronotherapy in fish lice; timed application could increase efficacy and/or reduce dose requirement, improving the current landscape of drug resistance and fish health while reducing the economic cost of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hunt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - J Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - A Ellison
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
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9
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Cohen JH, Last KS, Charpentier CL, Cottier F, Daase M, Hobbs L, Johnsen G, Berge J. Photophysiological cycles in Arctic krill are entrained by weak midday twilight during the Polar Night. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001413. [PMID: 34665816 PMCID: PMC8525745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light plays a fundamental role in the ecology of organisms in nearly all habitats on Earth and is central for processes such as vision and the entrainment of the circadian clock. The poles represent extreme light regimes with an annual light cycle including periods of Midnight Sun and Polar Night. The Arctic Ocean extends to the North Pole, and marine light extremes reach their maximum extent in this habitat. During the Polar Night, traditional definitions of day and night and seasonal photoperiod become irrelevant since there are only "twilight" periods defined by the sun's elevation below the horizon at midday; we term this "midday twilight." Here, we characterize light across a latitudinal gradient (76.5° N to 81° N) during Polar Night in January. Our light measurements demonstrate that the classical solar diel light cycle dominant at lower latitudes is modulated during Arctic Polar Night by lunar and auroral components. We therefore question whether this particular ambient light environment is relevant to behavioral and visual processes. We reveal from acoustic field observations that the zooplankton community is undergoing diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior. Furthermore, using electroretinogram (ERG) recording under constant darkness, we show that the main migratory species, Arctic krill (Thysanoessa inermis) show endogenous increases in visual sensitivity during the subjective night. This change in sensitivity is comparable to that under exogenous dim light acclimations, although differences in speed of vision suggest separate mechanisms. We conclude that the extremely weak midday twilight experienced by krill at high latitudes during the darkest parts of the year has physiological and ecological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Cohen
- School of Marine Science & Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kim S. Last
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Corie L. Charpentier
- Department of Biology, Stetson University, DeLand, Florida, United States of America
| | - Finlo Cottier
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malin Daase
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Hobbs
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geir Johnsen
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Centre of Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Berge
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Centre of Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Thorne S. Modeling the role of gravitation in metabolic processes. Commun Integr Biol 2021; 14:115-135. [PMID: 34349872 PMCID: PMC8293974 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.1914913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms are gravitationally bound to earth's surface and spun through three major gravitational potentials at nearly Mach 88. Along this pathway, organisms are subjected to non-isotropic strains that are repetitive in their geometry and their periodicity. Because of the relative smallness of this bias and the slow rate at which such strain accumulates, it typically goes undetected or treated stochastically as a variance from 'best-fit' models and woven into our empirical data. Far from being purely isotropic, equilibrium in systems co-moving with the earth possesses a dynamic component with bias defined by our orbital motion. Interestingly, biologists identify a similar bias in living organisms expressed in the chiral nature of key metabolic molecules and the periodicities of their metabolic cycles. Biologists have also identified a mean mass-specific metabolic rate that correlates well with the daily change in gravitational potential energy experienced by an organism. The evidence is only correlative, but it raises the intriguing question of whether 3 billion years of exposure to gravitational strain cycles might have led to a metabolic strategy that coupled to them. Because the subject of gravity has been omitted from most biology textbooks and, with only a few notable exceptions, relegated to the far corners of biology conferences, this paper is written with two goals in mind. The first goal is to summarize the extensive experimental record produced by biologists, botanists, and zoologists, identifying the strong correlation between metabolic processes and orbital periodicities. The second goal is to suggest experiments that might provide insight into how metabolic processes and gravitation might be so coupled.
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11
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Widely rhythmic transcriptome in Calanus finmarchicus during the high Arctic summer solstice period. iScience 2021; 24:101927. [PMID: 33385120 PMCID: PMC7770977 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar light/dark cycles and seasonal photoperiods underpin daily and annual rhythms of life on Earth. Yet, the Arctic is characterized by several months of permanent illumination ("midnight sun"). To determine the persistence of 24h rhythms during the midnight sun, we investigated transcriptomic dynamics in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice period in the Arctic, with the lowest diel oscillation and the highest altitude of the sun's position. Here we reveal that in these extreme photic conditions, a widely rhythmic daily transcriptome exists, showing that very weak solar cues are sufficient to entrain organisms. Furthermore, at extremely high latitudes and under sea-ice, gene oscillations become re-organized to include <24h rhythms. Environmental synchronization may therefore be modulated to include non-photic signals (i.e. tidal cycles). The ability of zooplankton to be synchronized by extremely weak diel and potentially tidal cycles, may confer an adaptive temporal reorganization of biological processes at high latitudes.
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12
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Ramírez N, Serey M, Illanes A, Piumetti M, Ottone C. Immobilization strategies of photolyases: Challenges and perspectives for DNA repairing application. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 215:112113. [PMID: 33383556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photolyases are enzymes that repair DNA damage caused by solar radiation. Due to their photorepair potential, photolyases added in topical creams and used in medical treatments has allowed to reverse skin damage and prevent the development of different diseases, including actinic keratosis, premature photoaging and cancer. For this reason, research has been oriented to the study of new photolyases performing in extreme environments, where high doses of UV radiation may be a key factor for these enzymes to have perfected their photorepair potential. Generally, the extracted enzymes are first encapsulated and then added to the topical creams to increase their stability. However, other well consolidated immobilization methods are interesting strategies to be studied that may improve the biocatalyst performance. This review aims to go through the different Antarctic organisms that have exhibited photoreactivation activity, explaining the main mechanisms of photolyase DNA photorepair. The challenges of immobilizing these enzymes on porous and nanostructured supports is also discussed. The comparison of the most reported immobilization methods with respect to the structure of photolyases show that both covalent and ionic immobilization methods produced an increase in their stability. Moreover, the use of nanosized materials as photolyase support would permit the incorporation of the biocatalyst into the target cell, which is a technological requirement that photolyase based biocatalysts must fulfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ramírez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcela Serey
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Piumetti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Piccolin F, Pitzschler L, Biscontin A, Kawaguchi S, Meyer B. Circadian regulation of diel vertical migration (DVM) and metabolism in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16796. [PMID: 33033314 PMCID: PMC7546626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are high latitude pelagic organisms which play a key ecological role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. To synchronize their daily and seasonal life-traits with their highly rhythmic environment, krill rely on the implementation of rhythmic strategies which might be regulated by a circadian clock. A recent analysis of krill circadian transcriptome revealed that their clock might be characterized by an endogenous free-running period of about 12-15 h. Using krill exposed to simulated light/dark cycles (LD) and constant darkness (DD), we investigated the circadian regulation of krill diel vertical migration (DVM) and oxygen consumption, together with daily patterns of clock gene expression in brain and eyestalk tissue. In LD, we found clear 24 h rhythms of DVM and oxygen consumption, suggesting a synchronization with photoperiod. In DD, the DVM rhythm shifted to a 12 h period, while the peak of oxygen consumption displayed a temporal advance during the subjective light phase. This suggested that in free-running conditions the periodicity of these clock-regulated output functions might reflect the shortening of the endogenous period observed at the transcriptional level. Moreover, differences in the expression patterns of clock gene in brain and eyestalk, in LD and DD, suggested the presence in krill of a multiple oscillator system. Evidence of short periodicities in krill behavior and physiology further supports the hypothesis that a short endogenous period might represent a circadian adaption to cope with extreme seasonal photoperiodic variability at high latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Piccolin
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Lisa Pitzschler
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - So Kawaguchi
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, 203 Channel Hwy, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany. .,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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14
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Bonadè M, Ogura A, Corre E, Bassaglia Y, Bonnaud-Ponticelli L. Diversity of Light Sensing Molecules and Their Expression During the Embryogenesis of the Cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis). Front Physiol 2020; 11:521989. [PMID: 33117186 PMCID: PMC7553075 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.521989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyes morphologies may differ but those differences are not reflected at the molecular level. Indeed, the ability to perceive light is thought to come from the same conserved gene families: opsins and cryptochromes. Even though cuttlefish (Cephalopoda) are known for their visually guided behaviors, there is a lack of data about the different opsins and cryptochromes orthologs represented in the genome and their expressions. Here we studied the evolutionary history of opsins, cryptochromes but also visual arrestins in molluscs with an emphasis on cephalopods. We identified 6 opsins, 2 cryptochromes and 1 visual arrestin in Sepia officinalis and we showed these families undergo several duplication events in Mollusca: one duplication in the arrestin family and two in the opsin family. In cuttlefish, we studied the temporal expression of these genes in the eyes of embryos from stage 23 to hatching and their expression in two extraocular tissues, skin and central nervous system (CNS = brain + optic lobes). We showed in embryos that some of these genes (Sof_CRY6, Sof_reti-1, Sof_reti-2, Sof_r-opsin1 and Sof_v-arr) are expressed in the eyes and not in the skin or CNS. By looking at a juvenile and an adult S. officinalis, it seems that some of these genes (Sof_r-opsin1 and Sof_reti1) are used for light detection in these extraocular tissues but that they set-up later in development than in the eyes. We also showed that their expression (except for Sof_CRY6) undergoes an increase in the eyes from stage 25 to 28 thus confirming their role in the ability of the cuttlefish embryos to perceive light through the egg capsule. This study raises the question of the role of Sof_CRY6 in the developing eyes in cuttlefish embryos and the role and localization of xenopsins and r-opsin2. Consequently, the diversity of molecular actors involved in light detection both in the eyes and extraocular tissues is higher than previously known. These results open the way for studying new molecules such as those of the signal transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Bonadè
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Française (FRE2030), Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD 207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Atsushi Ogura
- Department of Computer Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station biologique de Roscoff, plateforme ABiMS, FR2424 CNRS-Sorbonne Université (UPMC), Roscoff, France
| | - Yann Bassaglia
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Française (FRE2030), Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD 207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil-Val de Marne (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Française (FRE2030), Université de Caen Normandie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD 207), Université des Antilles, Paris, France
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15
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Håkonsrud Jensen C, Weidner J, Giske J, Budaev S, Jørgensen C, Eliassen S. Hormonal adjustments to future expectations impact growth and survival in juvenile fish. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Weidner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Jarl Giske
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Sergey Budaev
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
| | | | - Sigrunn Eliassen
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
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16
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Höring F, Biscontin A, Harms L, Sales G, Reiss CS, De Pittà C, Meyer B. Seasonal gene expression profiling of Antarctic krill in three different latitudinal regions. Mar Genomics 2020; 56:100806. [PMID: 32773253 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2020.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, has evolved seasonal rhythms of physiology and behaviour to survive under the extreme photoperiodic conditions in the Southern Ocean. However, the molecular mechanisms generating these rhythms remain far from understood. The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal differences in gene expression in three different latitudinal regions (South Georgia, South Orkneys/Bransfield Strait, Lazarev Sea) and to identify genes with potential regulatory roles in the seasonal life cycle of Antarctic krill. The RNA-seq data were analysed (a) for seasonal differences between summer and winter krill sampled from each region, and (b) for regional differences within each season. A large majority of genes showed an up-regulation in summer krill in all regions with respect to winter krill. However, seasonal differences in gene expression were less pronounced in Antarctic krill from South Georgia, most likely due to the milder seasonal conditions of the lower latitudes of this region, with a less extreme light regime and food availability between summer and winter. Our results suggest that in the South Orkneys/Bransfield Strait and Lazarev Sea region, Antarctic krill entered a state of metabolic depression and regressed development (winter quiescence) in winter. Moreover, seasonal gene expression signatures seem to be driven by a photoperiodic timing system that may adapt the flexible behaviour and physiology of Antarctic krill to the highly seasonal environment according to the latitudinal region. However, at the lower latitude South Georgia region, food availability might represent the main environmental cue influencing seasonal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Höring
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar und Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Lars Harms
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar und Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Christian S Reiss
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristiano De Pittà
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar und Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
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