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Michel MC. Introduction: A Short History of Adrenoceptor Research. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38797750 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides a short history of adrenoceptor research starting from the initial discovery of adrenaline. It covers the evolving classification of adrenoceptor subtypes, the cloning of these subtypes from multiple species, and factors such as adrenoceptor regulation, inverse agonism and biased agonism. More details on many of these aspects are provided in other chapters of this volume of Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Maggio R, Fasciani I, Petragnano F, Coppolino MF, Scarselli M, Rossi M. Unraveling the Functional Significance of Unstructured Regions in G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1431. [PMID: 37892113 PMCID: PMC10604838 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unstructured regions in functional proteins have gained attention in recent years due to advancements in informatics tools and biophysical methods. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a large family of cell surface receptors, contain unstructured regions in the form of the i3 loop and C-terminus. This review provides an overview of the functional significance of these regions in GPCRs. GPCRs transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, regulating various physiological processes. The i3 loop, located between the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices, and the C-terminus, connected to the seventh transmembrane helix, are determinant of interactions with G proteins and with other intracellular partners such as arrestins. Recent studies demonstrate that the i3 loop and C-terminus play critical roles in allosterically regulating GPCR activation. They can act as autoregulators, adopting conformations that, by restricting G protein access, modulate receptor coupling specificity. The length and unstructured nature of the i3 loop and C-terminus provide unique advantages in GPCR interactions with intracellular protein partners. They act as "fishing lines", expanding the radius of interaction and enabling GPCRs to tether scaffolding proteins, thus facilitating receptor stability during cell membrane movements. Additionally, the i3 loop may be involved in domain swapping between GPCRs, generating novel receptor dimers with distinct binding and coupling characteristics. Overall, the i3 loop and C-terminus are now widely recognized as crucial elements in GPCR function and regulation. Understanding their functional roles enhances our comprehension of GPCR structure and signaling complexity and holds promise for advancements in receptor pharmacology and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (F.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (F.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (F.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Francesca Coppolino
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Mario Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (F.P.); (M.R.)
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3
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Chen J, Zhang L, Cheng K, Jin B, Lu X, Che C. Predicting Drug-Target Interaction Via Self-Supervised Learning. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:2781-2789. [PMID: 35230952 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3153963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in graph representation learning provide new opportunities for computational drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction. However, it still suffers from deficiencies of dependence on manual labels and vulnerability to attacks. Inspired by the success of self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms, which can leverage input data itself as supervision,we propose SupDTI, a SSL-enhanced drug-target interaction prediction framework based on a heterogeneous network (i.e., drug-protein, drug-drug, and protein-protein interaction network; drug-disease, drug-side-effect, and protein-disease association network; drug-structure and protein-sequence similarity network). Specifically, SupDTI is an end-to-end learning framework consisting of five components. First, localized and globalized graph convolutions are designed to capture the nodes' information from both local and global perspectives, respectively. Then, we develop a variational autoencoder to constrain the nodes' representation to have desired statistical characteristics. Finally, a unified self-supervised learning strategy is leveraged to enhance the nodes' representation, namely, a contrastive learning module is employed to enable the nodes' representation to fit the graph-level representation, followed by a generative learning module which further maximizes the node-level agreement across the global and local views by learning the probabilistic connectivity distribution of the original heterogeneous network. Experimental results show that our model can achieve better prediction performance than state-of-the-art methods.
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Thüring EM, Hartmann C, Maddumage JC, Javorsky A, Michels BE, Gerke V, Banks L, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M, Ebnet K. Membrane recruitment of the polarity protein Scribble by the cell adhesion receptor TMIGD1. Commun Biol 2023; 6:702. [PMID: 37430142 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a multidomain polarity protein and member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) protein family. A loss of Scrib expression is associated with disturbed apical-basal polarity and tumor formation. The tumor-suppressive activity of Scrib correlates with its membrane localization. Despite the identification of numerous Scrib-interacting proteins, the mechanisms regulating its membrane recruitment are not fully understood. Here, we identify the cell adhesion receptor TMIGD1 as a membrane anchor of Scrib. TMIGD1 directly interacts with Scrib through a PDZ domain-mediated interaction and recruits Scrib to the lateral membrane domain in epithelial cells. We characterize the association of TMIGD1 with each Scrib PDZ domain and describe the crystal structure of the TMIGD1 C-terminal peptide complexed with PDZ domain 1 of Scrib. Our findings describe a mechanism of Scrib membrane localization and contribute to the understanding of the tumor-suppressive activity of Scrib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janesha C Maddumage
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Birgitta E Michels
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Li Q, Yin G, Wang J, Li L, Liang Q, Zhao X, Chen Y, Zheng X, Zhao X. An emerging paradigm to develop analytical methods based on immobilized transmembrane proteins and its applications in drug discovery. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Christensen NR, Pedersen CP, Sereikaite V, Pedersen JN, Vistrup-Parry M, Sørensen AT, Otzen D, Teilum K, Madsen KL, Strømgaard K. Bidirectional protein-protein interactions control liquid-liquid phase separation of PSD-95 and its interaction partners. iScience 2022; 25:103808. [PMID: 35198873 PMCID: PMC8844826 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a protein-dense semi-membraneless organelle, is mediated by numerous specific protein–protein interactions (PPIs) which constitute a functional postsynapse. The PSD protein 95 (PSD-95) interacts with a manifold of proteins, including the C-terminal of transmembrane AMPA receptor (AMPAR) regulatory proteins (TARPs). Here, we uncover the minimal essential peptide responsible for the Stargazin (TARP-γ2)-mediated liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) formation of PSD-95 and other key protein constituents of the PSD. Furthermore, we find that pharmacological inhibitors of PSD-95 can facilitate the formation of LLPS. We found that in some cases LLPS formation is dependent on multivalent interactions, while in other cases short, highly charged peptides are sufficient to promote LLPS in complex systems. This study offers a new perspective on PSD-95 interactions and their role in LLPS formation, while also considering the role of affinity over multivalency in LLPS systems. Charge and valency are important for LLPS formation, both for PSD-95 and the ePSD Peptide inhibitors may be used to induce LLPS formation for PSD-95 and the ePSD
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Riis Christensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Parsbæk Pedersen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory & the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vita Sereikaite
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Vistrup-Parry
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Toft Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Teilum
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory & the Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee KS, Navaluna E, Marsh NM, Janezic EM, Hague C. Development of a Novel SNAP-Epitope Tag/Near-Infrared Imaging Assay to Quantify G Protein-Coupled Receptor Degradation in Human Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:570-578. [PMID: 33402011 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220979793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel reporter assay that leverages SNAP-epitope tag/near-infrared (NIR) imaging technology to monitor G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) degradation in human cell lines. N-terminal SNAP-tagged GPCRs were subcloned and expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and then subjected to 24 h of cycloheximide (CHX)-chase degradation assays to quantify receptor degradation half-lives (t1/2) using LICOR NIR imaging-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. Thus far, we have used this method to quantify t1/2 for all nine adrenergic (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA1D, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3), five somatostatin (SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5), four chemokine (CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR5), and three 5-HT2 (5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT2C) receptor subtypes. SNAP-GPCR-CHX degradation t1/2 values ranged from 0.52 h (ADRA1D) to 5.5 h (SSTR3). On the contrary, both the SNAP-tag alone and SNAP-tagged and endogenous β-actin were resistant to degradation with CHX treatment. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib produced significant but variable increases in SNAP-GPCR protein expression levels, indicating that SNAP-GPCR degradation primarily occurs through the proteasome. Remarkably, endogenous β2-adrenergic receptor/ADRB2 dynamic mass redistribution functional responses to norepinephrine were significantly decreased following CHX treatment, with a time course equivalent to that observed with the SNAP-ADRB2 degradation assay. We subsequently adapted this assay into a 96-well glass-bottom plate format to facilitate high-throughput GPCR degradation screening. t1/2 values quantified for the α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes (ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADR1D) using the 96-well-plate format correlated with t1/2 values quantified using NIR-PAGE imaging analysis. In summary, this novel assay permits precise quantitative analysis of GPCR degradation in human cells and can be readily adapted to quantify degradation for any membrane protein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edelmar Navaluna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole M Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric M Janezic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Janezic EM, Lauer SML, Williams RG, Chungyoun M, Lee KS, Navaluna E, Lau HT, Ong SE, Hague C. N-glycosylation of α 1D-adrenergic receptor N-terminal domain is required for correct trafficking, function, and biogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7209. [PMID: 32350295 PMCID: PMC7190626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biogenesis, trafficking, and function are regulated by post-translational modifications, including N-glycosylation of asparagine residues. α1D-adrenergic receptors (α1D-ARs) - key regulators of central and autonomic nervous system function - contain two putative N-glycosylation sites within the large N-terminal domain at N65 and N82. However, determining the glycosylation state of this receptor has proven challenging. Towards understanding the role of these putative glycosylation sites, site-directed mutagenesis and lectin affinity purification identified N65 and N82 as bona fide acceptors for N-glycans. Surprisingly, we also report that simultaneously mutating N65 and N82 causes early termination of α1D-AR between transmembrane domain 2 and 3. Label-free dynamic mass redistribution and cell surface trafficking assays revealed that single and double glycosylation deficient mutants display limited function with impaired plasma membrane expression. Confocal microscopy imaging analysis and SNAP-tag sucrose density fractionation assays revealed the dual glycosylation mutant α1D-AR is widely distributed throughout the cytosol and nucleus. Based on these novel findings, we propose α1D-AR transmembrane domain 2 acts as an ER localization signal during active protein biogenesis, and that α1D-AR N-terminal glycosylation is required for complete translation of nascent, functional receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Janezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Sophia My-Linh Lauer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Robert George Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Michael Chungyoun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Edelmar Navaluna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Ho-Tak Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA
| | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA.
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