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The Development of the Bengamides as New Antibiotics against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060373. [PMID: 35736176 PMCID: PMC9228497 DOI: 10.3390/md20060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The bengamides comprise an interesting family of natural products isolated from sponges belonging to the prolific Jaspidae family. Their outstanding antitumor properties, coupled with their unique mechanism of action and unprecedented molecular structures, have prompted an intense research activity directed towards their total syntheses, analogue design, and biological evaluations for their development as new anticancer agents. Together with these biological studies in cancer research, in recent years, the bengamides have been identified as potential antibiotics by their impressive biological activities against various drug-resistant bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. This review reports on the new advances in the chemistry and biology of the bengamides during the last years, paying special attention to their development as promising new antibiotics. Thus, the evolution of the bengamides from their initial exploration as antitumor agents up to their current status as antibiotics is described in detail, highlighting the manifold value of these marine natural products as valid hits in medicinal chemistry.
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Khan Y, Xiong Z, Zhang H, Liu S, Yaseen T, Hui T. Expression and roles of GRAS gene family in plant growth, signal transduction, biotic and abiotic stress resistance and symbiosis formation-a review. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:404-416. [PMID: 34854195 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The GRAS (derived from GAI, RGA and SCR) gene family consists of plant-specific genes, works as a transcriptional regulator and plays a key part in the regulation of plant growth and development. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in understanding and advances on GRAS transcription factors in various plants. A notable concern is to what extent the mechanisms found in plants, particularly crops, are shared by other species, and what other characteristics are dependent on GRAS transcription factor (TFS)-mediated gene expression. GRAS are involved in many processes that are intimately linked to plant growth regulation. However, GRAS also perform additional roles against environmental stresses, allowing plants to function more efficiently. GRAS increase plant growth and development by improving several physiological processes, such as phytohormone, biosynthetic and signalling pathways. Furthermore, the GRAS gene family plays an important role in response to abiotic stresses, e.g. photooxidative stress. Moreover, evidence shows the involvement of GRAS in arbuscule development during plant-mycorrhiza associations. In this review, the diverse roles of GRAS in plant systems are highlighted that could be useful in enhancing crop productivity through genetic modification, especially of crops. This is the first review to report the role and function of the GRAS gene family in plant systems. Furthermore, a large number of studies are reviewed, and several limitations and research gaps identified that must be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - T Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - T Hui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Acquah KS, Beukes DR, Seldon R, Jordaan A, Sunassee SN, Warner DF, Gammon DW. Identification of Antimycobacterial Natural Products from a Library of Marine Invertebrate Extracts. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9020009. [PMID: 35200753 PMCID: PMC8880526 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health crisis, requiring the urgent identification of new anti-mycobacterial drugs. We screened several organic and aqueous marine invertebrate extracts for their in vitro inhibitory activity against the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we report the results obtained for 54 marine invertebrate extracts. The chemical components of two of the extracts were dereplicated, using 1H NMR and HR-LCMS with GNPS molecular networking, and these extracts were further subjected to an activity-guided isolation process to purify the bioactive components. Hyrtios reticulatus yielded heteronemin 1 and Jaspis splendens was found to produce the bengamide class of compounds, of which bengamides P 2 and Q 3 were isolated, while a new derivative, bengamide S 5, was putatively identified and its structure predicted, based on the similarity of its MS/MS fragmentation pattern to those of other bengamides. The isolated bioactive metabolites and semi-pure fractions exhibited M. tuberculosis growth inhibitory activity, in the range <0.24 to 62.50 µg/mL. This study establishes the bengamides as potent antitubercular compounds, with the first report of whole-cell antitubercular activity of bengamides P 2 and Q 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo Sekyi Acquah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; (K.S.A.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Denzil R. Beukes
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (D.R.B.); (D.W.G.)
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Audrey Jordaan
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.J.); (D.F.W.)
| | - Suthananda N. Sunassee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; (K.S.A.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Digby F. Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.J.); (D.F.W.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - David W. Gammon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; (K.S.A.); (S.N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.B.); (D.W.G.)
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Abstract
About half of the world's population and 80% of the world's biodiversity can be found in the tropics. Many diseases are specific to the tropics, with at least 41 diseases caused by endemic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Such diseases are of increasing concern, as the geographic range of tropical diseases is expanding due to climate change, urbanization, change in agricultural practices, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. While traditional medicines have been used for centuries in the treatment of tropical diseases, the active natural compounds within these medicines remain largely unknown. In this review, we describe infectious diseases specific to the tropics, including their causative pathogens, modes of transmission, recent major outbreaks, and geographic locations. We further review current treatments for these tropical diseases, carefully consider the biodiscovery potential of the tropical biome, and discuss a range of technologies being used for drug development from natural resources. We provide a list of natural products with antimicrobial activity, detailing the source organisms and their effectiveness as treatment. We discuss how technological advancements, such as next-generation sequencing, are driving high-throughput natural product screening pipelines to identify compounds with therapeutic properties. This review demonstrates the impact natural products from the vast tropical biome have in the treatment of tropical infectious diseases and how high-throughput technical capacity will accelerate this discovery process.
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Bala S, Yellamanda KV, Kadari A, Ravinuthala VSU, Kattula B, Singh OV, Gundla R, Addlagatta A. Selective inhibition of Helicobacter pylori methionine aminopeptidase by azaindole hydroxamic acid derivatives: Design, synthesis, in vitro biochemical and structural studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105185. [PMID: 34329997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) are an important class of enzymes that work co-translationally for the removal of initiator methionine. Chemical inhibition or gene knockdown is lethal to the microbes suggesting that they can be used as antibiotic targets. However, sequence and structural similarity between the microbial and host MetAPs has been a challenge in the identification of selective inhibitors. In this study, we have analyzed several thousands of MetAP sequences and established a pattern of variation in the S1 pocket of the enzyme. Based on this knowledge, we have designed a library of 17 azaindole based hydroxamic acid derivatives which selectively inhibited the MetAP from H. pylori compared to the human counterpart. Structural studies provided the molecular basis for the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepchowdary Bala
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Kalisha Vali Yellamanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India
| | - Anilkumar Kadari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata S U Ravinuthala
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Bhavita Kattula
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Om V Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad 502 102, Telangana, India.
| | - Anthony Addlagatta
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
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Yu C, Wei B, Kong X, Yang C, Nan F. Synthesis and
Structure‐Activity
Relationships of
Ring‐Opened
Bengamide Analogues against
Methicillin‐Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bing‐Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Xue‐Qing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Cai‐Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Fa‐Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Yantai Shandong 264000 China
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Bengamide Analogues Show A Potent Antitumor Activity against Colon Cancer Cells: A Preliminary Study. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050240. [PMID: 32370307 PMCID: PMC7281506 DOI: 10.3390/md18050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited success and side effects of the current chemotherapeutic strategies against colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, demand an assay with new drugs. The prominent antitumor activities displayed by the bengamides (Ben), a family of natural products isolated from marine sponges of the Jaspidae family, were explored and investigated as a new option to improve CRC treatment. To this end, two potent bengamide analogues, Ben I (5) and Ben V (10), were selected for this study, for which they were synthesized according to a new synthetic strategy recently developed in our laboratories. Their antitumor effects were analyzed in human and mouse colon cell lines, using cell cycle analysis and antiproliferative assays. In addition, the toxicity of the selected analogues was tested in human blood cells. These biological studies revealed that Ben I and V produced a significant decrease in CRC cell proliferation and induced a significant cell cycle alteration with a greater antiproliferative effect on tumor cell lines than normal cells. Interestingly, no toxicity effects were detected in blood cells for both compounds. All these biological results render the bengamide analogues Ben I and Ben V as promising antitumoral agents for the treatment of CRC.
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