1
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Gao S, Zhang K, Zhou C, Song J, Gu Y, Cao F, Wang J, Xie E, Yu C, Qiu J. HSPB6 Deficiency Promotes the Development of Aortic Dissection and Rupture. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100326. [PMID: 38237739 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To better understand the pathogenesis of acute type A aortic dissection, high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics approaches were used to identify differential proteins. Heat shock protein family B (small) member 6 (HSPB6) in aortic dissection was significantly reduced in human and mouse aortic dissection samples by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining techniques. Using an HSPB6-knockout mouse, we investigated the potential role of HSPB6 in β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced aortic dissection. We found increased mortality and increased probability of ascending aortic dissection after HSPB6 knockout compared with wild-type mice. Mechanistically, our data suggest that HSPB6 deletion promoted vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. More importantly, HSPB6 deletion attenuated cofilin activity, leading to excessive smooth muscle cell stiffness and eventually resulting in the development of aortic dissection and rupture. Our data suggest that excessive stiffness of vascular smooth muscle cells caused by HSPB6 deficiency is a new pathogenetic mechanism leading to aortic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanrui Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Enzehua Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Cuntao Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Juntao Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Zhu P, Stanisheuski S, Franklin R, Vogel A, Vesely CH, Reardon P, Sluchanko NN, Beckman JS, Karplus PA, Mehl RA, Cooley RB. Autonomous Synthesis of Functional, Permanently Phosphorylated Proteins for Defining the Interactome of Monomeric 14-3-3ζ. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:816-835. [PMID: 37122473 PMCID: PMC10141581 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are dimeric hubs that bind hundreds of phosphorylated "clients" to regulate their function. Installing stable, functional mimics of phosphorylated amino acids into proteins offers a powerful strategy to study 14-3-3 function in cellular-like environments, but a previous genetic code expansion (GCE) system to translationally install nonhydrolyzable phosphoserine (nhpSer), with the γ-oxygen replaced with CH2, site-specifically into proteins has seen limited usage. Here, we achieve a 40-fold improvement in this system by engineering into Escherichia coli a six-step biosynthetic pathway that produces nhpSer from phosphoenolpyruvate. Using this autonomous "PermaPhos" expression system, we produce three biologically relevant proteins with nhpSer and confirm that nhpSer mimics the effects of phosphoserine for activating GSK3β phosphorylation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, promoting 14-3-3/client complexation, and monomerizing 14-3-3 dimers. Then, to understand the biological function of these phosphorylated 14-3-3ζ monomers (containing nhpSer at Ser58), we isolate its interactome from HEK293T lysates and compare it with that of wild-type 14-3-3ζ. These data identify two new subsets of 14-3-3 client proteins: (i) those that selectively bind dimeric 14-3-3ζ and (ii) those that selectively bind monomeric 14-3-3ζ. We discover that monomeric-but not dimeric-14-3-3ζ interacts with cereblon, an E3 ubiquitin-ligase adaptor protein of pharmacological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Zhu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Stanislau Stanisheuski
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Rachel Franklin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Amber Vogel
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cat Hoang Vesely
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Patrick Reardon
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- A.N.
Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph S. Beckman
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- e-MSion
Inc., 2121 NE Jack London
St., Corvallis, Oregon 97330, United States
| | - P. Andrew Karplus
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ryan A. Mehl
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Richard B. Cooley
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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3
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Höing A, Kirupakaran A, Beuck C, Pörschke M, Niemeyer FC, Seiler T, Hartmann L, Bayer P, Schrader T, Knauer SK. Recognition of a Flexible Protein Loop in Taspase 1 by Multivalent Supramolecular Tweezers. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4504-4518. [PMID: 36200481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many natural proteins contain flexible loops utilizing well-defined complementary surface regions of their interacting partners and usually undergo major structural rearrangements to allow perfect binding. The molecular recognition of such flexible structures is still highly challenging due to the inherent conformational dynamics. Notably, protein-protein interactions are on the other hand characterized by a multivalent display of complementary binding partners to enhance molecular affinity and specificity. Imitating this natural concept, we here report the rational design of advanced multivalent supramolecular tweezers that allow addressing two lysine and arginine clusters on a flexible protein surface loop. The protease Taspase 1, which is involved in cancer development, carries a basic bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and thus interacts with Importin α, a prerequisite for proteolytic activation. Newly established synthesis routes enabled us to covalently fuse several tweezer molecules into multivalent NLS ligands. The resulting bi- up to pentavalent constructs were then systematically compared in comprehensive biochemical assays. In this series, the stepwise increase in valency was robustly reflected by the ligands' gradually enhanced potency to disrupt the interaction of Taspase 1 with Importin α, correlated with both higher binding affinity and inhibition of proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Höing
- Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Abbna Kirupakaran
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marius Pörschke
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Felix C Niemeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Theresa Seiler
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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4
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Crystal structure of potato 14-3-3 protein St14f revealed the importance of helix I in StFDL1 recognition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11596. [PMID: 35804047 PMCID: PMC9270373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), 14-3-3 protein forms a protein complex with the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like protein StSP6A and the FD-like protein StFDL1 to activate potato tuber formation. Eleven 14-3-3 isoforms were reported in potato, designated as St14a-k. In this study, the crystal structure of the free form of St14f was determined at 2.5 Å resolution. Three chains were included in the asymmetric unit of the St14f free form crystal, and the structural deviation among the three chain structures was found on the C-terminal helix H and I. The St14f free form structure in solution was also investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) residual dipolar coupling analysis, and the chain B in the crystal structure was consistent with NMR data. Compared to other crystal structures, St14f helix I exhibited a different conformation with larger B-factor values. Larger B-factor values on helix I were also found in the 14-3-3 free form structure with higher solvent contents. The mutation in St14f Helix I stabilized the complex with StFDL1. These data clearly showed that the flexibility of helix I of 14-3-3 protein plays an important role in the recognition of target protein.
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5
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Sluchanko NN. Recent advances in structural studies of 14-3-3 protein complexes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 130:289-324. [PMID: 35534110 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Being phosphopeptide-binding hubs, 14-3-3 proteins coordinate multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, including the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, ion channels trafficking, transcription, signal transduction, and hormone biosynthesis. Forming constitutive α-helical dimers, 14-3-3 proteins predominantly recognize specifically phosphorylated Ser/Thr sites within their partners; this generally stabilizes phosphotarget conformation and affects its activity, intracellular distribution, dephosphorylation, degradation and interactions with other proteins. Not surprisingly, 14-3-3 complexes are involved in the development of a range of diseases and are considered promising drug targets. The wide interactome of 14-3-3 proteins encompasses hundreds of different phosphoproteins, for many of which the interaction is well-documented in vitro and in vivo but lack the structural data that would help better understand underlying regulatory mechanisms and develop new drugs. Despite obtaining structural information on 14-3-3 complexes is still lagging behind the research of 14-3-3 interactions on a proteome-wide scale, recent works provided some advances, including methodological improvements and accumulation of new interesting structural data, that are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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6
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Zhu P, Franklin R, Vogel A, Stanisheuski S, Reardon P, Sluchanko NN, Beckman JS, Karplus PA, Mehl RA, Cooley RB. PermaPhos Ser : autonomous synthesis of functional, permanently phosphorylated proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.10.22.465468. [PMID: 34931187 PMCID: PMC8687462 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.22.465468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Installing stable, functional mimics of phosphorylated amino acids into proteins offers a powerful strategy to study protein regulation. Previously, a genetic code expansion (GCE) system was developed to translationally install non-hydrolyzable phosphoserine (nhpSer), with the γ-oxygen replaced with carbon, but it has seen limited usage. Here, we achieve a 40-fold improvement in this system by engineering into Escherichia coli a biosynthetic pathway that produces nhpSer from the central metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate. Using this "PermaPhos Ser " system - an autonomous 21-amino acid E. coli expression system for incorporating nhpSer into target proteins - we show that nhpSer faithfully mimics the effects of phosphoserine in three stringent test cases: promoting 14-3-3/client complexation, disrupting 14-3-3 dimers, and activating GSK3β phosphorylation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. This facile access to nhpSer containing proteins should allow nhpSer to replace Asp and Glu as the go-to pSer phosphomimetic for proteins produced in E. coli .
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Zhu
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Rachel Franklin
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Amber Vogel
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Stanislau Stanisheuski
- Oregon State University, Department of Chemistry, 153 Gilbert Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Patrick Reardon
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joseph S. Beckman
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
- e-MSion Inc., 2121 NE Jack London St, Corvallis, Oregon 97330
| | - P. Andrew Karplus
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Ryan A. Mehl
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Richard B. Cooley
- Oregon State University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2011 Agricultural and Life Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331
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7
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Künzel N, Helms V. How phosphorylation of peptides affects their interaction with 14-3-3η domains. Proteins 2021; 90:351-362. [PMID: 34462973 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Members of the 14-3-3 domain family have important functions as adapter domains. Via an amphipathic groove on their protein surface they typically bind to disordered C-terminals of other proteins. Importantly, binding partners of 14-3-3 domains usually contain a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue at their binding interface and possess one of three different sequence motifs. Binding of the respective unphosphorylated versions of the peptides is typically strongly disfavored. There is a wealth of structural and thermodynamic data available for the phosphorylated forms but not for the unphosphorylated forms as the binding affinities seem to be too weak to be measurable experimentally. Here, we characterized the mechanistic details that govern the preference for the binding of phosphorylated peptides to 14-3-3η domains by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that the phosphate group is ideally coordinated in the binding pocket whereas the respective unphosphorylated side-chain counterpart is not. Thus, the binding preference results from the tight coordination of the phosphorylated residue at the center of the binding interface. Furthermore, MD simulations of 14-3-3η dimers showed a preference for the simultaneous binding of two phosphorylated peptides in agreement with their experimentally observed cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Künzel
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Postfach 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Postfach 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Horvath M, Petrvalska O, Herman P, Obsilova V, Obsil T. 14-3-3 proteins inactivate DAPK2 by promoting its dimerization and protecting key regulatory phosphosites. Commun Biol 2021; 4:986. [PMID: 34413451 PMCID: PMC8376927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) is a CaM-regulated Ser/Thr protein kinase, involved in apoptosis, autophagy, granulocyte differentiation and motility regulation, whose activity is controlled by autoinhibition, autophosphorylation, dimerization and interaction with scaffolding proteins 14-3-3. However, the structural basis of 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 regulation remains unclear. Here, we structurally and biochemically characterize the full-length human DAPK2:14-3-3 complex by combining several biophysical techniques. The results from our X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that Thr369 phosphorylation at the DAPK2 C terminus creates a high-affinity canonical mode III 14-3-3-binding motif, further enhanced by the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A. Moreover, concentration-dependent DAPK2 dimerization is disrupted by Ca2+/CaM binding and stabilized by 14-3-3 binding in solution, thereby protecting the DAPK2 inhibitory autophosphorylation site Ser318 against dephosphorylation and preventing Ca2+/CaM binding. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 inhibition and highlight the potential of the DAPK2:14-3-3 complex as a target for anti‐inflammatory therapies. Horvath et al. structurally and biochemically characterize the full-length human DAPK2-14-3-3 complex to investigate the effects of binding to DAPK2 on its dimerization, activation by dephosphorylation of Ser318, and Ca2+/calmodulin binding. Their results provide mechanistic insights into 14- 3-3-mediated DAPK2 inhibition and highlight the potential of the DAPK2:14-3-3 complex as a target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Horvath
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Olivia Petrvalska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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9
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Tugaeva KV, Hawkins DEDP, Smith JLR, Bayfield OW, Ker DS, Sysoev AA, Klychnikov OI, Antson AA, Sluchanko NN. The Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Recognition by the Human 14-3-3 Proteins. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166875. [PMID: 33556408 PMCID: PMC7863765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) controls viral genome packaging and contains numerous phosphorylation sites located within unstructured regions. Binding of phosphorylated SARS-CoV N to the host 14-3-3 protein in the cytoplasm was reported to regulate nucleocytoplasmic N shuttling. All seven isoforms of the human 14-3-3 are abundantly present in tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, where N can constitute up to ~1% of expressed proteins during infection. Although the association between 14-3-3 and SARS-CoV-2 N proteins can represent one of the key host-pathogen interactions, its molecular mechanism and the specific critical phosphosites are unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylated SARS-CoV-2 N protein (pN) dimers, reconstituted via bacterial co-expression with protein kinase A, directly associate, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, with the dimeric 14-3-3 protein, but not with its monomeric mutant. We demonstrate that pN is recognized by all seven human 14-3-3 isoforms with various efficiencies and deduce the apparent KD to selected isoforms, showing that these are in a low micromolar range. Serial truncations pinpointed a critical phosphorylation site to Ser197, which is conserved among related zoonotic coronaviruses and located within the functionally important, SR-rich region of N. The relatively tight 14-3-3/pN association could regulate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and other functions of N via occlusion of the SR-rich region, and could also hijack cellular pathways by 14-3-3 sequestration. As such, the assembly may represent a valuable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dorothy E D P Hawkins
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jake L R Smith
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver W Bayfield
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - De-Sheng Ker
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey A Sysoev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg I Klychnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alfred A Antson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Aljabal G, Yap BK. 14-3-3σ and Its Modulators in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120441. [PMID: 33287252 PMCID: PMC7761676 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3σ is an acidic homodimer protein with more than one hundred different protein partners associated with oncogenic signaling and cell cycle regulation. This review aims to highlight the crucial role of 14-3-3σ in controlling tumor growth and apoptosis and provide a detailed discussion on the structure-activity relationship and binding interactions of the most recent 14-3-3σ protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators reported to date, which has not been reviewed previously. This includes the new fusicoccanes stabilizers (FC-NAc, DP-005), fragment stabilizers (TCF521-123, TCF521-129, AZ-003, AZ-008), phosphate-based inhibitors (IMP, PLP), peptide inhibitors (2a-d), as well as inhibitors from natural sources (85531185, 95911592). Additionally, this review will also include the discussions of the recent efforts by a different group of researchers for understanding the binding mechanisms of existing 14-3-3σ PPI modulators. The strategies and state-of-the-art techniques applied by various group of researchers in the discovery of a different chemical class of 14-3-3σ modulators for cancer are also briefly discussed in this review, which can be used as a guide in the development of new 14-3-3σ modulators in the near future.
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11
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Unremitting progresses for phosphoprotein synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 58:96-111. [PMID: 32889414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation, one of the important protein post-translational modifications, is involved in many essential cellular processes. Site-specifical and homogeneous phosphoproteins can be used as probes for elucidating the protein phosphorylation network and as potential therapeutics for interfering their involved biological events. However, the generation of phosphoproteins has been challenging owing to the limitation of chemical synthesis and protein expression systems. Despite the pioneering discoveries in phosphoprotein synthesis, over the past decade, great progresses in this field have also been made to promote the biofunctional exploration of protein phosphorylation largely. Therefore, in this review, we mainly summarize recent advances in phosphoprotein synthesis, which includes five sections: 1) synthesis of the nonhydrolyzable phosphorylated amino acid mimetic building blocks, 2) chemical total and semisynthesis strategy, 3) in-cell and in vitro genetic code expansion strategy, 4) the late-stage modification strategy, 5) nonoxygen phosphoprotein synthesis.
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12
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Design, expression, purification and crystallization of human 14-3-3ζ protein chimera with phosphopeptide from proapoptotic protein BAD. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105707. [PMID: 32682909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 protein isoforms regulate multiple processes in eukaryotes, including apoptosis and cell division. 14-3-3 proteins preferentially recognize phosphorylated unstructured motifs, justifying the protein-peptide binding approach to study 14-3-3/phosphotarget complexes. Tethering of human 14-3-3σ with partner phosphopeptides via a short linker has provided structural information equivalent to the use of synthetic phosphopeptides, simultaneously facilitating purification and crystallization. Nevertheless, the broader applicability to other 14-3-3 isoforms and phosphopeptides was unclear. Here, we designed a novel 14-3-3ζ chimera with a conserved phosphopeptide from BAD, whose complex with 14-3-3 is a gatekeeper of apoptosis regulation. The chimera could be bacterially expressed and purified without affinity tags. Co-expressed PKA efficiently phosphorylates BAD within the chimera and blocks its interaction with a known 14-3-3 phosphotarget, suggesting occupation of the 14-3-3 grooves by the tethered BAD phosphopeptide. Efficient crystallization of the engineered protein suggests suitability of the "chimeric" approach for studies of other relevant 14-3-3 complexes.
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Wolter M, Santo DL, Herman P, Ballone A, Centorrino F, Obsil T, Ottmann C. Interaction of an IκBα Peptide with 14-3-3. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5380-5388. [PMID: 32201828 PMCID: PMC7081424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) play key roles in immunity, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. NF-κB is directly regulated through protein-protein interactions, including those with IκB and 14-3-3 proteins. These two important regulatory proteins have been reported to interact with each other, although little is known about this interaction. We analyzed the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B α (IκBα)/14-3-3σ interaction via a peptide/protein-based approach. Structural data were acquired via X-ray crystallography, while binding affinities were measured with fluorescence polarization assays and time-resolved tryptophan fluorescence. A high-resolution crystal structure (1.13 Å) of the uncommon 14-3-3 interaction motif of IκBα (IκBαpS63) in a complex with 14-3-3σ was evaluated. This motif harbors a tryptophan that makes this crystal structure the first one with such a residue visible in the electron density at that position. We used this tryptophan to determine the binding affinity of the unlabeled IκBα peptide to 14-3-3 via tryptophan fluorescence decay measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madita Wolter
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Domenico Lentini Santo
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 12116, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Ballone
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Centorrino
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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