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Zhang Z, Miao G, Lu L, Yin H, Wang Y, Wang B, Pan R, Zheng C, Jin X. Crucial physicochemical factors mediating mitochondrial toxicity of nanoparticles at noncytotoxic concentration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168211. [PMID: 37918742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively applied in multiple industries, among which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become representative of widely consumed NPs. Limited knowledge is available regarding the subcellular responses of NPs with different physicochemical properties, i.e. material type and size, under the noncytotoxic concentrations. Macrophages are important sensitive cells exposed to NPs, and mitochondria are sensitive organelles that respond at the subcellular level. Herein, we found that sublethal concentrations of AgNPs and SiNPs, not AuNPs, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and tubular mitochondria, and further resulted in an increase of ROS level and a decrease of ATP generation. AgNPs and SiNPs can also disturb mitochondrial dynamics manifested as increasing Mfn2 expression and decreasing Drp1 expression. Further assessments for mitochondrial function showed that AgNPs and SiNPs exposure led to a decrease in the gene expressions related to complex I (Ndufa8 and Ndufs2), complex III (Uqcrc2 and Uqcrfs1), complex IV (Cox6b1), and activity of complex I, suggesting their potential roles in impairing cellular respiration. In terms of the effects of NPs with different sizes, stronger toxicity was observed in smaller-sized nanoparticles. Among the above mitochondrial changes, we identified that ROS, ATP, MMP, tubular mitochondria, and expression of Drp1 were relatively sensitive indicators in subcellular response to NPs. With the above sensitive indicators, the comparison of heterogeneity between material type and size of the NPs showed that material type occupied a main influence on subcellular mitochondrial effects. Our finding provided important data on the potential subcellular risks of NPs, and indicated the vital role of material type for a better understanding of the nanomaterial biological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Gan Miao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Hao Yin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yingzhu Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ruonan Pan
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chuer Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Schulz R, Bundschuh M, Entling MH, Jungkunst HF, Lorke A, Schwenk K, Schäfer RB. A synthesis of anthropogenic stress effects on emergence-mediated aquatic-terrestrial linkages and riparian food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168186. [PMID: 37914130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stress alters the linkage between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways. Here, we review the contemporary literature on how alterations in aquatic systems through environmental pollution, invasive species and hydromorphological changes carry-over to terrestrial ecosystems and the food webs therein. We consider both the aquatic insect emergence and flooding as pathways through which stressors can propagate from the aquatic to the terrestrial system. We specifically synthesize and contextualize results on the roles of pollutants in the emergence pathway and their top-down consequences. Our review revealed that the emergence and flooding pathway are only considered in isolation and that the overall effects of invasive species or pollutants on food webs at the water-land interface require further attention. While very few recent studies looked at invasive species, a larger number of studies focused on metal transfer compared to pesticides, pharmaceuticals or PCBs, and multiple stress studies up to now left aquatic-terrestrial linkages unconsidered. Recent research on pollutants and emergence used aquatic-terrestrial mesocosms to elucidate the effects of aquatic stressors such as the mosquito control agent Bti, metals or pesticides to understand the effects on riparian spiders. Quality parameters, such as the structural and functional composition of emergent insect communities, the fatty acid profiles, yet also the composition of pollutants transferred to land prove to be important for the effects on riparian spiders. Process-based models including quality of emergence are useful to predict the resulting top-down directed food web effects in the terrestrial recipient ecosystem. In conclusion, we present and recommend a combination of empirical and modelling approaches in order to understand the complexity of aquatic-terrestrial stressor propagation and its spatial and temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany.
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Hermann F Jungkunst
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
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3
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Angeler DG, Heino J, Rubio-Ríos J, Casas JJ. Connecting distinct realms along multiple dimensions: A meta-ecosystem resilience perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 889:164169. [PMID: 37196937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Resilience research is central to confront the sustainability challenges to ecosystems and human societies in a rapidly changing world. Given that social-ecological problems span the entire Earth system, there is a critical need for resilience models that account for the connectivity across intricately linked ecosystems (i.e., freshwater, marine, terrestrial, atmosphere). We present a resilience perspective of meta-ecosystems that are connected through the flow of biota, matter and energy within and across aquatic and terrestrial realms, and the atmosphere. We demonstrate ecological resilience sensu Holling using aquatic-terrestrial linkages and riparian ecosystems more generally. A discussion of applications in riparian ecology and meta-ecosystem research (e.g., resilience quantification, panarchy, meta-ecosystem boundary delineations, spatial regime migration, including early warning indications) concludes the paper. Understanding meta-ecosystem resilience may have potential to support decision making for natural resource management (scenario planning, risk and vulnerability assessments).
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; The Brain Capital Alliance, San Francisco, CA, USA; IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juan Rubio-Ríos
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), Almería, Spain
| | - J Jesús Casas
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Centre for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), Almería, Spain; Universitary Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, 18003 Granada, Spain
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4
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Olson CI, Beaubien GB, Otter RR, Walters DM, Mills MA. Ecotoxicological Studies Indicate That Sublethal and Lethal Processes Limit Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1982-1992. [PMID: 36715411 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Merolimnic insects can accumulate and transport considerable amounts of aquatic contaminants to terrestrial systems. The rate of contaminant biotransport, termed insect-mediated contaminant flux (IMCF), depends on emergent insect biomass and contaminant accumulation, both functions of environmental concentration. We developed a mathematical model of IMCF and apply it to three ecotoxicological studies obtained through the US Environmental Protection Agency's ECOTOX database to determine at which concentration maximum IMCF occurs. Model results demonstrate that the maximum IMCF depends on competing rates of biomass loss and contaminant accumulation and does not necessarily occur at the highest insect or environmental contaminant concentration. In addition, modeling results suggest that sublethal contaminant effects (e.g., decreased growth) on insect biomass can be an important and potentially underappreciated control on IMCF. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1982-1992. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor I Olson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gale B Beaubien
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ryan R Otter
- Data Science Institute, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - David M Walters
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Marc A Mills
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Perrotta BG, Simonin M, Colman BP, Anderson SM, Baruch E, Castellon BT, Matson CW, Bernhardt ES, King RS. Chronic Engineered Nanoparticle Additions Alter Insect Emergence and Result in Metal Flux from Aquatic Ecosystems into Riparian Food Webs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8085-8095. [PMID: 37200151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to engineered nanoparticles (NPs) through discharge from wastewater and agricultural runoff. We conducted a 9-month mesocosm experiment to examine the combined effects of chronic NP additions on insect emergence and insect-mediated contaminant flux to riparian spiders. Two NPs (copper, gold, plus controls) were crossed by two levels of nutrients in 18 outdoor mesocosms open to natural insect and spider colonization. We collected adult insects and two riparian spider genera, Tetragnatha and Dolomedes, for 1 week on a monthly basis. We estimated a significant decrease in cumulative insect emergence of 19% and 24% after exposure to copper and gold NPs, irrespective of nutrient level. NP treatments led to elevated copper and gold tissue concentrations in adult insects, which resulted in terrestrial fluxes of metals. These metal fluxes were associated with increased gold and copper tissue concentrations for both spider genera. We also observed about 25% fewer spiders in the NP mesocosms, likely due to reduced insect emergence and/or NP toxicity. These results demonstrate the transfer of NPs from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems via emergence of aquatic insects and predation by riparian spiders, as well as significant reductions in insect and spider abundance in response to NP additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany G Perrotta
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Marie Simonin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Benjamin P Colman
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ethan Baruch
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin T Castellon
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Cole W Matson
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Emily S Bernhardt
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ryan S King
- Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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6
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Roodt AP, Huszarik M, Entling MH, Schulz R. Aquatic-terrestrial transfer of neonicotinoid insecticides in riparian food webs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131635. [PMID: 37196444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current-use pesticides are ubiquitous in freshwaters globally, often at very low concentrations. Emerging aquatic insects can accumulate pesticides during their aquatic development, which can be retained through their metamorphosis into terrestrial adults. Emerging insects thus provide a potential, yet largely understudied linkage for exposure of terrestrial insectivores to waterborne pesticides. We measured 82 low to moderately lipophilic organic pesticides (logKow: -2.87 to 6.9) in the aquatic environment, emerging insects and web-building riparian spiders from stream sites impacted by agricultural land use. Insecticides, mainly neuro-active neonicotinoids were ubiquitous and had the highest concentrations in emerging insects and spiders (∑ insecticides: 0.1-33 and 1-240 ng/g, respectively), although their concentrations in water were low, even when compared to global levels. Furthermore, neonicotinoids, although not considered to be bioaccumulative, were biomagnified in riparian spiders. In contrast, concentrations of fungicides and most herbicides decreased from the aquatic environment to the spiders. Our results provide evidence for the transfer and accumulation of neonicotinoids across the aquatic-terrestrial ecosystem boundary. This could threaten food webs in ecologically sensitive riparian areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis P Roodt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Maike Huszarik
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Martin H Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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7
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Kalčíková G. Beyond ingestion: Adhesion of microplastics to aquatic organisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106480. [PMID: 36948066 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of microplastics with aquatic organisms have been studied primarily using animal species, with dietary ingestion being the most important uptake route. However, recent research indicated that microplastics also interact with biota via bioadhesion. This process has been studied in aquatic macrophytes under laboratory conditions where microplastics adhered to their biomass, but monitoring studies also confirmed that microplastic bioadhesion occurs in other species and in the natural environment. Similarly, microplastics adhere to microorganisms, and in the aquatic environment they can be retained by ubiquitous biofilms. This can occur on a natural substrate such as sediment or rocks, but biofilms are also responsible for enhanced bioadhesion of microplastics to other biotic surfaces such as plant surfaces. Adhesion to these large biotic surfaces could influence the abundance and bioavailability of microplastics in the environment. Only few studies have been conducted on the bioadhesion of microplastics to animals, but their results confirmed that bioadhesion may be even greater than particle ingestion by some animals, such as corals or bivalves. However, the ecotoxicological effects are not yet fully understood and the possible transport of microplastics, e.g. adhered to fish or aquatic insects, also needs to be considered. In summary, bioadhesion seems to be an important process for the interactions of microplastics and biota. Neglecting bioadhesion in an environmental context may limit our understanding of the behavior, fate, and effects of microplastics in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kalčíková
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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8
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Pietz S, Kainz MJ, Schröder H, Manfrin A, Schäfer RB, Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M. Metal Exposure and Sex Shape the Fatty Acid Profile of Midges and Reduce the Aquatic Subsidy to Terrestrial Food Webs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:951-962. [PMID: 36599118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic micropollutants can be transported to terrestrial systems and their consumers by emergent aquatic insects. However, micropollutants, such as metals, may also affect the flux of physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). As certain PUFAs have been linked to physiological fitness and breeding success of terrestrial consumers, reduced fluxes from aquatic systems could affect terrestrial populations and food webs. We chronically exposed larvae of the aquatic insect Chironomus riparius to a range of environmentally relevant sediment contents of cadmium (Cd) or copper (Cu) in a 28-day microcosm study. Since elevated water temperatures can enhance metals' toxic effects, we used two temperature regimes, control and periodically elevated temperatures (heat waves) reflecting an aspect of climate change. Cd and Cu significantly reduced adult emergence by up to 95% and 45%, respectively, while elevated temperatures had negligible effects. Both metal contents were strongly reduced (∼90%) during metamorphosis. Furthermore, the chironomid FA profile was significantly altered during metamorphosis with the factors sex and metal exposure being relevant predictors. Consequently, fluxes of physiologically important PUFAs by emergent adults were reduced by up to ∼80%. Our results suggest that considering fluxes of physiologically important compounds, such as PUFAs, by emergent aquatic insects is important to understand the implications of aquatic micropollutants on aquatic-terrestrial meta-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pietz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Henning Schröder
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Zubrod Environmental Data Science, Friesenstraße 20, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Kolbenschlag S, Gerstle V, Eberhardt J, Bollinger E, Schulz R, Brühl CA, Bundschuh M. A temporal perspective on aquatic subsidy: Bti affects emergence of Chironomidae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 250:114503. [PMID: 36610297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging aquatic insects serve as one link between aquatic and adjacent riparian food webs via the flux of energy and nutrients. These insects provide high-quality subsidy to terrestrial predators. Thus, any disturbance of emergence processes may cascade to higher trophic levels and lead to effects across ecosystem boundaries. One stressor with potential impact on non-target aquatic insects, especially on non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae), is the widely used mosquito control agent Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti). In a field experiment, we investigated emerging insect communities from Bti-treated (three applications, maximum field rate) and control floodplain pond mesocosms (FPMs) over 3.5 months for changes in their composition, diversity as well as the emergence dynamics and the individual weight of emerged aquatic insects over time. Bti treatments altered community compositions over the entire study duration - an effect mainly attributed to an earlier (∼10 days) and reduced (∼26%) peak in the emergence of Chironomidae, the dominant family (88% of collected individuals). The most reasonable explanation for this significant alteration is less resource competition caused by a decrease in chironomid larval density due to lethal effects of Bti. This is supported by the higher individual weight of Chironomidae emerging from treated FPMs (∼21%) during Bti application (April - May). A temporal shift in the emergence dynamics can cause changes in the availability of prey in linked terrestrial ecosystems. Consequently, terrestrial predators may be affected by a lack of appropriate prey leading to bottom-up and top-down effects in terrestrial food webs. This study indicates the importance of a responsible and elaborated use of Bti and additionally, highlights the need to include a temporal perspective in evaluations of stressors in aquatic-terrestrial meta-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kolbenschlag
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Verena Gerstle
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Julian Eberhardt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Eric Bollinger
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Birkenthalstr. 13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Roodt AP, Schaufelberger S, Schulz R. Aquatic-Terrestrial Insecticide Fluxes: Midges as Neonicotinoid Vectors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:60-70. [PMID: 36205389 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of freshwater ecosystems to insecticides can negatively impact the development of emerging aquatic insects. These insects serve as an important nutritional subsidy for terrestrial insectivores. Changes in insect emergence phenology (i.e., emergence success and temporal pattern) or fluxes of insecticides retained by the emerging adults have the potential to negatively impact terrestrial food webs. These processes are influenced by contaminant toxicity, lipohilicity, or metabolic processes. The interplay between emergence phenology, contaminant retention through metamorphosis, and associated contaminant flux is not yet understood for current-use insecticides. In a microcosm study, we evaluated the impacts of a 24-h pulse exposure of one of three current-use insecticides, namely pirimicarb, indoxacarb, and thiacloprid, at two environmentally realistic concentration levels on the larval development and emergence of the nonbiting midge Chironomus riparius. In addition, we measured insecticide concentrations in the larvae and adults using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry by electrospray ionization. Exposure to pirimicarb delayed larval development and emergence, and exposure to indoxacarb reduced emergence success. The neonicotinoid thiacloprid had the greatest impact by reducing larval survival and emergence success. At the same time, thiacloprid was the only insecticide measured in the adults with average concentrations of 10.3 and 37.3 ng/g after exposure at 0.1 and 4 µg/L, respectively. In addition, an approximate 30% higher survival to emergence after exposure to 0.1 µg/L relative to a 4-µg/L exposure resulted in a relatively higher flux of thiacloprid, from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment, at the lower exposure. Our experimental results help to explain the impacts of current-use insecticides on aquatic-terrestrial subsidy coupling and indicate the potential for widespread dietary exposure of terrestrial insectivores preying on emerging aquatic insects to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:60-70. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis P Roodt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Sonja Schaufelberger
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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Roodt AP, Röder N, Pietz S, Kolbenschlag S, Manfrin A, Schwenk K, Bundschuh M, Schulz R. Emerging Midges Transport Pesticides from Aquatic to Terrestrial Ecosystems: Importance of Compound- and Organism-Specific Parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5478-5488. [PMID: 35441504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging aquatic insects have the potential to retain aquatic contaminants after metamorphosis, potentially transporting them into adjacent terrestrial food webs. It is unknown whether this transfer is also relevant for current-use pesticides. We exposed larvae of the nonbiting midge, Chironomus riparius, to a sublethal pulse of a mixture of nine moderately polar fungicides and herbicides (logKow 2.5-4.7) at three field relevant treatment levels (1.2-2.5, 17.5-35.0, or 50.0-100.0 μg/L). We then assessed the pesticide bioaccumulation and bioamplification over the full aquatic-terrestrial life cycle of both sexes including the egg laying of adult females. By applying sensitive LC-MS/MS analysis to small sample volumes (∼5 mg, dry weight), we detected all pesticides in larvae from all treatment levels (2.8-1019 ng/g), five of the pesticides in the adults from the lowest treatment level and eight in the higher treatment levels (1.5-3615 ng/g). Retention of the pesticides through metamorphosis was not predictable based solely on pesticide lipophilicity. Sex-specific differences in adult insect pesticide concentrations were significant for five of the pesticides, with greater concentrations in females for four of them. Over the duration of the adults' lifespan, pesticide concentrations generally decreased in females while persisting in males. Our results suggest that a low to moderate daily dietary exposure to these pesticides may be possible for tree swallow nestlings and insectivorous bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis P Roodt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Nina Röder
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pietz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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Bundschuh M, Pietz S, Roodt AP, Kraus JM. Contaminant fluxes across ecosystems mediated by aquatic insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100885. [PMID: 35144033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metals and organic contaminants in aquatic systems affect the coupling of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through two pathways: contaminant-induced effects on insect emergence and emergence-induced contaminant transfer. Consequently, the impact of aquatic contaminants on terrestrial ecosystems can be driven by modifications in the quantity and quality of adult aquatic insects serving as prey or contaminants entering terrestrial food webs as part of the diet of terrestrial predators. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in the field, separating metals from organic contaminants due to their differential propensity to bioaccumulate and thus their potential contribution to either of the two pathways. Finally, this review highlights the knowledge gap in the relative impact of these pathways on terrestrial insectivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, Uppsala, SWE-75007, Sweden.
| | - Sebastian Pietz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Alexis P Roodt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Johanna M Kraus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Klatt BK, Pudifoot B, Urrutia‐Cordero P, Smith HG, Alsterberg CM. A trophic cascade causes unexpected ecological interactions across the aquatic–terrestrial interface under extreme weather. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn K. Klatt
- Dept of Biology, Lund Univ. Lund Sweden
- The Rural Economic and Agricultural Society Halland, Dept of Nature&Water Conservation Eldsberga Sweden
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14
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Kraus JM, Wanty RB, Schmidt TS, Walters DM, Wolf RE. Variation in metal concentrations across a large contamination gradient is reflected in stream but not linked riparian food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144714. [PMID: 33736264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects link food web dynamics across freshwater-terrestrial boundaries and subsidize terrestrial consumer populations. Contaminants that accumulate in larval aquatic insects and are retained across metamorphosis can increase dietary exposure for riparian insectivores. To better understand potential exposure of terrestrial insectivores to aquatically-derived trace metals, metal concentrations in water and tissues were analyzed from different components of streams and riparian food webs across a large (2-3 orders of magnitude) metal gradient (e.g., Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the Rocky Mountains (USA). Our research indicates that the trace metal concentration gradient present among streams was lost during metamorphosis of aquatic larval insects into terrestrially flying adults, decoupling terrestrial exposures from aquatic concentrations. This pattern was caused by declines in 1) among-stream variation in trace metal concentrations, 2) relationships between metal concentrations in paired water and food web components, and 3) mean metal concentrations within aquatic food webs and across the aquatic-terrestrial boundary. Specifically, among-stream variation in trace metal concentrations was highest for water and aquatic vegetation, intermediate for aquatic insect larvae (~30% lower than water) and lowest for adult aquatic insects and riparian spiders (~65% lower). Metal concentrations in paired water and food web components ranged from highly related across the stream-metal gradient (slopes ~1) for water and aquatic vegetation, to less related (slopes closer to 0) for aquatic vegetation and aquatic insect larvae, to unrelated (slopes ~0) for aquatic larval and adult insects. Finally, mean metal concentrations were highest in aquatic vegetation and lowest in adult aquatic insects emerging from streams (~50% lower than aquatic vegetation). Our results indicate less efficient trophic transfer and higher metamorphic loss of trace metals from high metal streams (i.e., exposure-dependent transfer). For many trace metals, aquatic-terrestrial dietary transfer is unlikely to be an important source of exposure for terrestrial insectivores of adult aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kraus
- U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Richard B Wanty
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Isotope Research Laboratories, Denver Federal Center, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT 509601, USA
| | - David M Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Ruth E Wolf
- Perkin Elmer, Inc., 2651 Warrenville Rd, Suite 100, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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FEAST of biosensors: Food, environmental and agricultural sensing technologies (FEAST) in North America. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113011. [PMID: 33517232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We review the challenges and opportunities for biosensor research in North America aimed to accelerate translational research. We call for platform approaches based on: i) tools that can support interoperability between food, environment and agriculture, ii) open-source tools for analytics, iii) algorithms used for data and information arbitrage, and iv) use-inspired sensor design. We summarize select mobile devices and phone-based biosensors that couple analytical systems with biosensors for improving decision support. Over 100 biosensors developed by labs in North America were analyzed, including lab-based and portable devices. The results of this literature review show that nearly one quarter of the manuscripts focused on fundamental platform development or material characterization. Among the biosensors analyzed for food (post-harvest) or environmental applications, most devices were based on optical transduction (whether a lab assay or portable device). Most biosensors for agricultural applications were based on electrochemical transduction and few utilized a mobile platform. Presently, the FEAST of biosensors has produced a wealth of opportunity but faces a famine of actionable information without a platform for analytics.
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