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Li YC, Chu N, Jin FL, Park SJ. Ionic Liquid-Modified Copper for the Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin/Expanded Graphite Composites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:40992-41002. [PMID: 39371972 PMCID: PMC11447756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/expanded graphite (EG)/copper (Cu) powder composites with high thermal conductivity were prepared for use as thermal interface materials. To construct an excellent thermally conductive network, the Cu surface was modified using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide. In addition, the effect of the Cu content on the thermal conductivity, thermal stability, flexural properties, impact strength, and morphologies of the DGEBA/EG/Cu composites was investigated. The results indicated that the addition of 10 wt % Cu increased the thermal conductivity of the composites from 7.35 to 9.86 W/(m·K). Conversely, the thermal stability of the composites decreased with the addition of Cu. The flexural strength and impact strength of the composites increased from 27.9 MPa and 0.81 kJ/m2 to 39.6 MPa and 0.96 kJ/m2, respectively, as the Cu content increased from 0 to 10 wt %. Moreover, the flexural modulus of the composites increased from 9632 to 11,309 MPa with the addition of 10 wt % Cu. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the DGEBA/EG/Cu composites revealed sheet-shaped blocks with numerous microcracks on the fracture surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Fan-Long Jin
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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2
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Tuisov AG, Kychkin A, Kychkin AK, Anan'eva ES. Reinforced Epoxy Binder Modified with Borpolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2632. [PMID: 37376278 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer binders based on epoxy resins have unique properties that contribute to their use in many composite industries. The potential of using epoxy binders is due to their high elasticity and strength characteristics, thermal and chemical resistance, and resistance to climatic aging. This is the reason for the existing practical interest in modifying the composition of epoxy binders and understanding the strengthening mechanisms in order to form reinforced composite materials with a required set of properties based on them. This article presents the results of a study of the process of dissolving the modifying additive of polymethylene-p-triphenyl ether of boric acid in the components of an epoxyanhydride binder applicable to the production of fibrous composite materials. The temperature and time conditions for the dissolution of polymethylene-p-triphenyl ether of boric acid in anhydride-type isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride hardeners are presented. It has been established that the complete dissolution of the borpolymer-modifying additive in iso-MTHPA occurs at a temperature of 55 ± 2 °C for 20 h. The effect of the modifying additive of polymethylene-p-triphenyl ether of boric acid on the strength properties and structure of the epoxyanhydride binder has been studied. Increases in transverse bending strength up to 190 MPa, elastic modulus up to 3200 MPa, tensile strength up to 0.8 MPa, and impact strength (Charpy) up to 5.1 kJ/m2 are observed when the content of the borpolymer-modifying additive in the composition of the epoxy binder is 0.50 mass. %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei G Tuisov
- Federal Research Center, The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677000, Russia
| | - Aisen Kychkin
- Federal Research Center, The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677000, Russia
| | - Anatoly K Kychkin
- V.P. Larionov Institute of Physical and Technical Problems of the North Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677980, Russia
| | - Elena S Anan'eva
- Department of Modern Special Materials, Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Barnaul 656038, Russia
- Department of Nanocomposite Materials, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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3
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Influence of thermal treatment on the structure and electrical conductivity of thermally expanded graphite. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khan MI, Akhter T, Siddiqi HM, Lee YJ, Park H, Hassan MU, Park CH. Oligoimide-Mediated Graphene Oxide-Epoxy Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1379. [PMID: 36144002 PMCID: PMC9506320 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports the preparation of thermally conductive polymeric nanocomposites. For this purpose, two epoxy-based nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing a different type of functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanofiller in each series. Both these GO nanofillers were functionalized by covalently bonding oligoimide chains on their surfaces. In one series, these oligoimide chains were prepared by reaction of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with a diamine 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA). While in the other case, BTDA was reacted with N,N'-[((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene)]bis(4-aminobenzamide) (BDM) to mount oligoimide chains on the surface of GO. Both types of oligoimide chains have amino groups as chain-end functional groups. These modified GO nanofillers were added to the epoxy matrices separately to prepare their respective nanocomposites (MDA-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites and BDM-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites). The chain-end amino groups of oligoimide chains reacted with the epoxy ring developing a covalent bonding between oligoimide chains of GO and the epoxy matrix. Moreover, these oligoimide chains prevented the agglomeration of GO by acting as spacer groups leading to the uniform dispersion of GO in the epoxy matrix. Various analytical techniques were used to examine the attachment of oligoimide chains to the GO surface, and to examine the morphology, curing potential, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity of the prepared nanocomposites. We demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of MDA-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites increased by 52% and an increase of 56% was observed in BDM-B-GO-epoxy nanocomposites. Similarly, a significant improvement was observed in the mechanical strength and thermal stability of both types of nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Inshad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Toheed Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | | | - Young Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Muhmood ul Hassan
- NQE, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon Univeristy, Seongnam 13120, Korea
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Sadek EM, Ahmed SM, El-Nashar DE, Mansour NA. Effect of modified graphite nanoflakes on curing, mechanical and dielectric properties of nitrile rubber nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reinforced Epoxy Composites Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020338. [PMID: 35054744 PMCID: PMC8778462 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using graphene oxide as a modifying additive for polymer fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy resin and basalt roving has been studied. The content of graphene oxide in the system has been experimentally selected, which has the best effect on the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained polymer composite material. The efficiency of the modification of the graphene oxide surface with APTES finishing additives and aminoacetic acid, which provides chemical interaction at the polymer matrix–filler interface, has been considered. The influence of graphene oxide and functionalizing additives on the polymer curing process was investigated using the thermometric method and differential scanning calorimetry.
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Zhang D, Liu F, Wang S, Yan M, Hu X, Xu M. D-GQDs Modified Epoxy Resin Enhances the Thermal Conductivity of AlN/Epoxy Resin Thermally Conductive Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4074. [PMID: 34883578 PMCID: PMC8659175 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article proposes a method of increasing thermal conductivity (λ) by improving the λ value of a matrix and reducing the interfacial thermal resistance between such matrix and its thermally conductive fillers. D-GQDs (graphene quantum dots modified by polyetheramine D400) with a π-π-conjugated system in the center of their molecules, and polyether branched chains that are rich in amino groups at their edges, are designed and synthesized. AlN/DG-ER (AlN/D-GQDs-Epoxy resin) thermally conductive composites are obtained using AlN as a thermally conductive and insulating filler, using D-GQDs-modified epoxy resin as a matrix. All of the thermal conductivity, electrically insulating and physical-mechanical properties of AlN/DG-ER are investigated in detail. The results show that D-GQDs linked to an epoxy resin by chemical bonds can increase the value of λ of the epoxy-resin matrix and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance between AlN and DG-ER (D-GQDs-epoxy resin). The prepared AlN/DG-ER is shown to be a good thermally conductive and insulating packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Sheng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.Y.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengxi Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.Y.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.Y.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengying Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.Y.); (X.H.); (M.X.)
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Baghdadi YN, Youssef L, Bouhadir K, Harb M, Mustapha S, Patra D, Tehrani‐Bagha AR. Thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin reinforced with modified iron oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine N. Baghdadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Lucia Youssef
- Department of Chemistry American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Kamal Bouhadir
- Department of Chemistry American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Harb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Samir Mustapha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Digambara Patra
- Department of Chemistry American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ali Reza Tehrani‐Bagha
- B. & W. Bassatne Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Energy American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo‐Finland
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Pang Q, Kang F, Deng J, Lei L, Lu J, Shao S. Flame retardancy effects between expandable graphite and halloysite nanotubes in silicone rubber foam. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13821-13831. [PMID: 35423935 PMCID: PMC8697518 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of expandable graphite (EG) and modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the flame retardant properties of silicone rubber foam (SiF) was studied in this paper. Modified HNTs were obtained by surface modification of the silane-coupling agent A-171. The flame retardancy of SiF was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion and cone calorimeter tests. The mechanical properties of SiF were analyzed by a universal mechanical testing machine. The LOI results showed that EG/HNTS@A-171 could enhance the LOI of SiF. The cone calorimeter test results showed that EG/HNTS@A-171 effectively reduced the peak heat release rate, the total heat release rate, the smoke production rate, the total smoke production rate, the CO production rate and the CO2 production rate and increased the carbon residue rate. TGA shows that main chain pyrolysis temperature of the SiF is delayed by 123 °C. The mechanical properties test results showed that EG/HNTS@A-171 improved the tensile strength of SiF. These results indicated that EG/HNTS@A-171 can significantly improve the flame retardant performance of SiF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Pang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Furu Kang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
| | - Shuiyuan Shao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 P. R. China
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Thermal Behavior and Flammability of Epoxy Composites Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Expanded Graphite: A Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of flammability and improvement of thermal stability of polymers during heating can be achieved by the introduction of fillers. Epoxy composites filled with different loadings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and expanded graphite (EG) were prepared. The thermal oxidation stability of the prepared samples was investigated under heating in an oxidizing atmosphere using thermal analysis. The hardness was measured using the Shore D hardness test. The flammability of the prepared composites was evaluated by the ignition temperature and time-to-ignition. It was found that there was a rise in temperature corresponding to a 5% weight loss during heating for both epoxy/MWCNT and epoxy/EG composites compared to neat epoxy resin. The Shore D hardness of epoxy/MWCNT composites increased with content growth up to 0.1 wt.% and decreased with further concentration rise. The addition of MWCNTs and EG leads to an increase in the ignition temperature. It has been shown that MWCNTs improve the thermal behavior of epoxy resin in a low temperature region (below ~300 °C) whereas EG shows almost the same thermal behavior above 300 °C. The improvement of thermal properties can be achieved using MWCNTs and EG as fillers.
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11
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Features of forming the structure and properties of polyamide-6 via in situ polymerization with oxidized graphite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081816. [PMID: 32823547 PMCID: PMC7463723 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, amino functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by chemical modification of the surface of a MWCNTs using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and dispersed into the epoxy composition. The modifying agent (APTES) was directly deposited on the MWCNTs surfaces. For the functionalization of MWCNTs, was used not the APTES concentrate, as it had been described in previous works, but its freshly prepared aqueous solution. Properties of APTES-treated MWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR. The results showed that the functionalization and chemical compatibility of APTES-treated MWCNTs with epoxy composition provides their best dispersion in the epoxy composition, had important influence on curing behavior, structure and physicochemical properties of the epoxy composites plasticized with trichloroethyl phosphate. The results showed that the functionalization and chemical compatibility of APTES-treated MWCNTs with epoxy composition provides increased of physicomechanical properties of epoxy composites: bending stress increases by 194% and bending modulus increases by 137%, the tensile strength increases by 108% and the tensile elastic modulus increases by 52%, impact strength increases by 300%, in comparison with plasticized epoxy composite that does not contain MWCNTs.
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Reinforcing effects of aminosilane-functionalized h-BN on the physicochemical and mechanical behaviors of epoxy nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10676. [PMID: 32606355 PMCID: PMC7327049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of this study confirm the possibility of the directional regulation of operational properties of epoxy composites by the use of small additives of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), providing the creation of epoxy composites with high performance properties. The effectiveness of h-BN surface modification by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the formation of strong chemical bonds at the polymer matrix/filler interface has been proved, which ensures an increase in physico-mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites: bending stress increases by 142% and bending modulus increases by 52%, strength increases by 53% and tensile elastic modulus increases by 37%, toughness increases by 400% and Brinell hardness increases by 96%, compared with an unfilled plasticized epoxy composite.
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Reinforcement of Epoxy Composites with Application of Finely-ground Ochre and Electrophysical Method of the Composition Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071437. [PMID: 32605091 PMCID: PMC7407493 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The conducted studies have proven the possibility of the directed control of operational properties of epoxy composites, due to the addition of finely-ground ocher into their composition, and the use of microwave modification of the epoxy composition. The rational content of ocher as a modifying additive (0.5 parts by mass) and a filler (75 parts by mass) of the epoxy composition has been selected, which ensures the improvement of the studied complex of physical-mechanical properties. It has been proven that ocher affects the structure formation processes and the structure of the epoxy composite, thus increasing its thermal, heat and fire resistance. During the research, the application efficiency has been proven, and the optimal parameters of the microwave modification (power-350 W; duration-30 s) of epoxy compositions filled with ocher, which increase physical-mechanical characteristics of composites, have been selected.
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