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G JM, P P, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S, Gandhirajan RK. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancers: Recent Advances. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:447-470. [PMID: 36214686 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction reactions played a significant role in the chemical evolution of life forms on oxygenated earth. Cellular respiration is dependent on such redox reactions, and any imbalance leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in both chronic and acute illnesses. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), by 2040, the global burden of new cancer cases is expected to be around 27.5 million, with 16.3 million cancer deaths due to an increase in risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyle, environmental factors, aberrant gene mutations, and resistance to therapies. ROS play an important role in cellular signalling, but they can cause severe damage to tissues when present at higher levels. Elevated and chronic levels of ROS are pertinent in carcinogenesis, while several therapeutic strategies rely on altering cellular ROS to eliminate tumour cells as they are more susceptible to ROS-induced damage than normal cells. Given this selective targeting potential, therapies that can effectively modulate ROS levels have been the focus of intense research in recent years. The current review describes biologically relevant ROS, its origins in solid and haematological cancers, and the current status of evolving antioxidant and pro-oxidant therapies in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyasree M G
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Prerana P
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India.,Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India.,Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Moayyedi P, El-Serag HB. Current Status of Chemoprevention in Barrett's Esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2021; 31:117-130. [PMID: 33213791 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Candidates for chemoprevention in Barrett's esophagus have long been suggested and there has been observational data to support many drugs, including statins, hormone replacement therapy, metformin, proton pump inhibitor therapy, and aspirin. Proton pump inhibitor therapy and aspirin are the most promising agents. Data suggest that aspirin and proton pump inhibitor therapy can decrease the risk of neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus. Further, the combination of aspirin and proton pump inhibitor therapy decrease all-cause mortality by approximately 33%. Future guideline groups need to evaluate the evidence rigorously, but the combination of proton pump inhibitor therapy and aspirin is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Moayyedi
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Baylor College of Medicine Medical Center, McNair Campus (Clinic), 7200 Cambridge Street, 8th Floor, Suite 8B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zhou J, Shrestha P, Qiu Z, Harman DG, Teoh WC, Al-Sohaily S, Liem H, Turner I, Ho V. Distinct Microbiota Dysbiosis in Patients with Non-Erosive Reflux Disease and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072162. [PMID: 32650561 PMCID: PMC7408827 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are often regarded as bookends in the gastroesophageal reflux disease spectrum. However, there is limited clinical evidence to support this disease paradigm while the underlying mechanisms of disease progression remain unclear. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and mass-spectrometer-based proteomics to characterize the esophageal microbiota and host mucosa proteome, respectively. A total of 70 participants from four patient groups (NERD, reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and EAC) and a control group were analyzed. Our results showed a unique NERD microbiota composition, distinct to control and other groups. We speculate that an increase in sulfate-reducing Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes along with hydrogen producer Dorea are associated with a mechanistic role in visceral hypersensitivity. We also observed a distinct EAC microbiota consisting of a high abundance of lactic acid-producing bacteria (Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus), which may contribute towards carcinogenesis through dysregulated lactate metabolism. This study suggests the close relationship between esophageal mucosal microbiota and the appearance of pathologies of this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Zhou
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (P.S.); (D.G.H.); (S.A.-S.); (I.T.); (V.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4620-3865
| | - Prapti Shrestha
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (P.S.); (D.G.H.); (S.A.-S.); (I.T.); (V.H.)
| | - Zhiguang Qiu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia;
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (P.S.); (D.G.H.); (S.A.-S.); (I.T.); (V.H.)
| | - Wun-Chung Teoh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Sam Al-Sohaily
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (P.S.); (D.G.H.); (S.A.-S.); (I.T.); (V.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Han Liem
- Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia;
| | - Ian Turner
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (P.S.); (D.G.H.); (S.A.-S.); (I.T.); (V.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (P.S.); (D.G.H.); (S.A.-S.); (I.T.); (V.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
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