1
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Vasylyeva H, Mironyuk I, Strilchuk M, Mayer K, Dallas L, Tryshyn V, Maliuk I, Hryhorenko M, Zhukov O, Savka K. Age dating of liquid 90Sr- 90Y sources. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110906. [PMID: 37451148 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In the context of age dating of 90Sr, the selective adsorption of zirconium ions from the mixture with strontium and yttrium by adsorbents based on TiO2 with a chemically modified surface was investigated. The general features of the separation process of strontium, yttrium, and zirconium in batch conditions were determined. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze the initial and residual concentrations of the studied cations. Separation of 90Zr and 90Sr from a liquid source containing 90Sr-90Y using adsorbents based on TiO2 was performed for the first time. The ratio of 90Zr/90Sr was measured, and the age of liquid 90Sr-90Y sources was determined. In addition, we studied the age dating of 90Sr-90Y sources using a combination of liquid-scintillation counting of 90Sr and ICP-MS measurement. The results of both methods - the method of age-dating with the chemical separation of isotopes and the combination of LSC and ICP-MS analysis - agree very well and thus serve for cross-validation. Moreover, the combination of the two methods increases the confidence in the age-dating results of 90Sr-90Y sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Mironyuk
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Strilchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Volodymyr Tryshyn
- Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Maliuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Hryhorenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Zhukov
- Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna Savka
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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2
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Aoki J, Wakaki S, Ishiniwa H, Kawakami T, Miyazaki T, Suzuki K, Takagai Y. Direct Quantification of Attogram Levels of Strontium-90 in Microscale Biosamples Using Isotope Dilution-Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assisted by Quadrupole Energy Filtering. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4932-4939. [PMID: 36906855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Although thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) has been employed for the high-precision analysis of isotope ratios, direct quantification of artificial mono-nuclide in the environment is difficult by even using isotope dilution (ID) due to the coexistence of the great magnitude of natural stable nuclides or isobars. In traditional TIMS and ID-TIMS, a sufficient amount of stable Sr doped on a filament is required to realize a stable and adequate ion-beam intensity (i.e., thermally ionized beams). However, the background noise (BGN) at m/z 90, detected by an electron multiplier, disturbs 90Sr analysis at low concentration levels due to peak tailing of a significant 88Sr ion beam dependent on the 88Sr-doping amount. Here, TIMS assisted by quadruple energy filtering was successfully employed for the direct quantification of attogram levels of an artificial monoisotopic radionuclide strontium-90 (90Sr) in microscale biosamples. Direct quantification was achieved by integrating the ID quantification of natural Sr and simultaneous 90Sr/86Sr isotope ratio analysis. Additionally, the measurement amount calculated by the combination of the ID and intercalibration was corrected for the net result amount of 90Sr by subtracting dark noise and the detected amount derived from the survived 88Sr, which are equivalent with the BGN intensity at m/z 90. Background correction revealed that the detection limits were in the range of 6.15 × 10-2-3.90 × 10-1 ag (0.31-1.95 μBq), depending on the concentration of natural Sr in a 1 μL sample, and the quantification of 0.98 ag (5.0 μBq) of 90Sr in 0-300 mg/L of natural Sr was successful. This method could analyze small sample quantities (1 μL), and the quantitative results were verified against authorized radiometric analysis techniques. Furthermore, the amount of 90Sr in actual teeth was successfully quantified. This method will be a powerful tool for measuring 90Sr in the measurement of micro-samples, which are required to assess and understand the degree of internal radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Aoki
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Wakaki
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ishiniwa
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296 Japan
| | | | - Takashi Miyazaki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takagai
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296 Japan
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3
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Rizk HE, Attallah MF, Ali AM. Lamellar structure silver sulfide nanoparticles for adsorption and selective separation of zirconium, yttrium and strontium ions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2151460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E. Rizk
- Nuclear Fuel Technology Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Attallah
- Analytical Chemistry and Control Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M. Ali
- Nuclear Fuel Technology Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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4
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A part per trillion isotope ratio analysis of 90Sr/ 88Sr using energy-filtered thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1151. [PMID: 35064171 PMCID: PMC8783016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strontium-90 is a major radioactive nuclide released by nuclear accidents and discharge waste. Input of such radioactive nuclide into earth surface environment causes potential threat of long-term internal exposure when taken up by organism. Rapid and precise measurement of 90Sr in variety of environmental sample is important to understand the distribution and dynamics of 90Sr in the local environment after the accident and to assess the effect of radioactive nuclide inputs on bodies. However, previous 90Sr measurement techniques have drawbacks such as long measurement times for radiometry and high detection limits for mass spectrometry. Here we present a technique to accurately measure a significantly small amount of 90Sr in natural environmental samples using an energy-filtered thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Our technique achieved a 90Sr detection limit of 0.23 ag, which corresponds to a 90Sr activity of 1.2 µBq. The detection limit was lowered by two orders of magnitude compared with the previous mass spectrometric 90Sr analyses. The ability of our technique will expand the applicability of mass spectrometric 90Sr survey not only to the rapid 90Sr survey upon nuclear accidents but also to study a long-term environmental diffusion of radioactive materials using size-limited environmental and biological samples.
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5
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Vasylyeva H, Mironyuk I, Strilchuk M, Maliuk I, Mykytyn I, Tryshyn V. A new way to ensure selective zirconium ion adsorption. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work studies the adsorption of zirconium ions by mesoporous titanium dioxide with surface arsenate groups. Experimental maximal adsorption values of zirconium ions were found to be 109.6 mg/g in neutral medium. This process depends on the interaction time, the equilibrium concentration of zirconium ions, and the acidity of the solution. Adsorption kinetics fit well into the kinetic model based on the pseudo-second-order equation (R
2 = 0.9984). Equilibrium adsorption of zirconium ions is well described by Langmuir’s adsorption theory (R
2 = 0.9856 and χ
2 = 1.307). Although zirconium ions are less actively adsorbed from a neutral medium than strontium or yttrium ions, in the 2% nitric acid only zirconium is adsorbed out of the mixture of zirconium, strontium, and yttrium. The results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have shown that the investigated adsorbent selectively adsorbs zirconium ions from their mixture with strontium and yttrium in the range of solution acidity pH = 0–1. The average percentage of maximum extraction of zirconium ions is 94.3 ± 2.4%, and the highest percent of zirconium ions taken up from the mixture with strontium and yttrium is ∼98.4%. Investigated titanium dioxide selectively separate 90Zr from 90Sr with the presence of 1000-fold excess of stable 88Sr in radioactive liquid β
− source. This fact is extremely valuable for the age dating of 90Sr-containing device in nuclear forensics or the determination of 90Sr in low activity background samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Vasylyeva
- Department of Theoretical Physics , Uzhgorod National University , 14 Universytets’ka Street, 88000 , Uzhgorod , Ukraine
| | - Ivan Mironyuk
- Department of Chemistry , Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University , 57 Shevchenko Street, 76018 , Ivano-Frankivsk , Ukraine
| | - Mykola Strilchuk
- NAS of Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Nuclear Forensics , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Igor Maliuk
- NAS of Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Nuclear Forensics , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Igor Mykytyn
- Department of Chemistry , Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University , 57 Shevchenko Street, 76018 , Ivano-Frankivsk , Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Tryshyn
- NAS of Ukraine Institute for Nuclear Research, Laboratory of Nuclear Forensics , Kyiv , Ukraine
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6
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Kuwahara A, Aiba Y, Matsui M. Plasma Atomization of Strontium Chloride Powder by a Supersonic Plasma Jet and Measurement of Its Efficiency Using Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11750-11755. [PMID: 34056328 PMCID: PMC8153998 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct elemental and isotope analyses of solid samples have attracted considerable interest due to their potential role in preventing serious accidents at nuclear facilities. We previously developed an analytical method for detecting radioactive isotopes, combining diode laser absorption spectroscopy with a supersonic plasma jet. Its basic performance, that is, the detection limit as well as the translational temperature upstream and downstream of the supersonic nozzle, was investigated using stable Xe isotopes. The developed apparatus could atomize a solid sample and reduce the translational temperature for isotope identification. For direct isotope analysis, translational temperature and atomization efficiency during powder feeding are remarkably important. In the present study, a novel approach for the atomization of Sr powder samples containing isotopes with highly radiotoxic radionuclides is described. We found that the temperature of Sr atoms in the supersonic plasma jet decreased to approximately 85 K, which is comparable with the slight isotope shift of 88Sr-90Sr due to the difference in mass number. Moreover, based on the measured atomic number density and flow velocity, the atomization efficiency was found to be 10.4 ± 1.8%. The results of this study and further improvements in the efficiency can lead to the development of powerful tools for the rapid analysis of solid samples, particularly those contaminated with highly radioactive species, without the necessity for complex chemical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kuwahara
- Department
of Applied Energy, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Department
of Decommissioning and Waste Management, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Aiba
- Department
of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Department
of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
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7
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Equilibrium studies of yttrium adsorption from aqueous solutions by titanium dioxide. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 168:109473. [PMID: 33658128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluates the adsorption of yttrium from aqueous solutions by titanium dioxide with surface arsenate groups (4As-TiO2) and titanium dioxide with surface arsenate groups doped by neodymium (Nd/4As-TiO2). The impacts of various adsorption parameters such as contact time, pH and initial metal concentrations were investigated in batch adsorption experiments. Experimental data for yttrium ions adsorption onto Nd/4As-TiO2 fits well with the Elovich kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) and the Lagergen kinetic model based on pseudo-first order equation (R2 = 0.97). Yttrium ions adsorption onto 4As-TiO2 fits well with the Lagergen kinetic model based on pseudo-second order equation (R2 = 0.999). The process of yttrium adsorption in equilibrium conditions was adequately described by Langmuir adsorption theory. The assumption is that possible mechanisms for yttrium adsorption onto investigated adsorbents is surface complexation in the form of Y(OH)2+ or Y(OH)2+ in neutral medium and surface precipitation in alkali medium. It was shown that modification of the TiO2 surface by arsenate groups promotes the adsorption of yttrium ions. The introduction of neodymium into the TiO2 structure with surface arsenate groups increases the difference in adsorption of yttrium and strontium ions, therefore Nd/4As-TiO2 can be useful to separate 90Sr and 90Y in nuclear forensics.
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8
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Sasa K, Honda M, Hosoya S, Takahashi T, Takano K, Ochiai Y, Sakaguchi A, Kurita S, Satou Y, Sueki K. A sensitive method for Sr-90 analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2020.1801530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimikazu Sasa
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Maki Honda
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Nuclear Safety Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Hosoya
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenta Takano
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuta Ochiai
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aya Sakaguchi
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saori Kurita
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Satou
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tomioka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sueki
- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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9
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Ito C, Shimode R, Miyazaki T, Wakaki S, Suzuki K, Takagai Y. Isotope Dilution-Total Evaporation-Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometric Direct Determination of Radioactive Strontium-90 in Microdrop Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16058-16065. [PMID: 33172270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) was used to directly quantify an ultratrace of radioactive 90Sr in microliter droplet samples. No chemical separation was required in removing isobaric interferences on M = 90 such as 90Zr and organic molecules in the mass spectrum because the difference in evaporation and ionization (emission) temperature among organic molecules, Zr and Sr, allows us to control the emission manner and significantly suppress the isobaric interferences. Direct quantification was achieved by improving the intercalibration of Faraday cups and ion counting in an isotope dilution (ID) method. Furthermore, the use of a total evaporation method (TE) enhanced the detection efficiency by the complete collection of the 90Sr ion beam from the samples and minimized the complexity of the fractionation effect in the isotope ratio calculation. In this study, 1 fg of 90Sr (equal to activity of 5 millibecquerel (mBq)) in a very low-volume sample with 108 times greater isobaric interference from 90Zr was successfully measured using the proposed ID-TE-TIMS method. The limit of detection was 0.029 fg (equal to 0.15 mBq) without any preconcentration. To demonstrate the wide usability of this method, low-volume samples of tears, eyelashes, saliva, environmental standards, and water samples (i.e., seawater and ground water) were analyzed within 1 h. The relationship of the measured values between this ID-TE-TIMS method and a radiometric analysis was shown to have good linearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ito
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Ryoya Shimode
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyazaki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Wakaki
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takagai
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.,Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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10
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Shozugawa K, Hori M, Johnson TE, Takahata N, Sano Y, Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Matsuo M. Landside tritium leakage over through years from Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant and relationship between countermeasures and contaminated water. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19925. [PMID: 33199807 PMCID: PMC7669847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been tritium groundwater leakage to the land side of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants since 2013. Groundwater was continuously collected from the end of 2013 to 2019, with an average tritium concentration of approximately 20 Bq/L. Based on tritium data published by Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings (TEPCO) (17,000 points), the postulated source of the leakage was (1) leaks from a contaminated water tank that occurred from 2013 to 2014, or (2) a leak of tritium that had spread widely over an impermeable layer under the site. Based on our results, sea side and land side tritium leakage monitoring systems should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Shozugawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Hori
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Naoto Takahata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.,Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Norbert Kavasi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sarata K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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11
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Vicente Vilas V, Millet S, Sandow M, Iglesias Pérez L, Serrano-Purroy D, Van Winckel S, Aldave de las Heras L. An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061429. [PMID: 32245155 PMCID: PMC7144365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce uncertainties in determining the source term and evolving condition of spent nuclear fuel is fundamental to the safety assessment. ß-emitting nuclides pose a challenging task for reliable, quantitative determination because both radiometric and mass spectrometric methodologies require prior chemical purification for the removal of interfering activity and isobars, respectively. A method for the determination of 90Sr at trace levels in nuclear spent fuel leachate samples without sophisticated and time-consuming procedures has been established. The analytical approach uses a commercially available automated pre-concentration device (SeaFAST) coupled to an ICP-DRC-MS. The method shows good performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LOD reducing the total time of analysis for each sample to 12.5 min. The comparison between the developed method and the classical radiochemical method shows a good agreement when taking into account the associated uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Vicente Vilas
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Sylvain Millet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Miguel Sandow
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Luis Iglesias Pérez
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Daniel Serrano-Purroy
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Stefaan Van Winckel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Laura Aldave de las Heras
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7247-951-357
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