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Liu M, Xue R, Wang D, Hu Y, Gu K, Yang L, Zhao J, Guan S, Su J, Jiang Y. Variations in different preceding crops on the soil environment, bacterial community richness and diversity of tobacco-planting soil. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1389751. [PMID: 38863755 PMCID: PMC11165186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a major cash crop, and soil quality played a significant role in the yield and quality of tobacco. Most farmers cultivate tobacco in rotation with other crops to improve the soil characteristics. However, the effects of different previous crops on the soil's nutrient status and bacterial community for tobacco cultivation still need to be determined. Three treatments were assessed in this study, i.e., tobacco-planting soil without treatment (CK), soil with barley previously cultivated (T1), and soil with rapeseed previously cultivated (T2). The soil physical and chemical properties and the 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity of the bacterial community were analyzed. The effects of different crops on the physical and chemical properties of tobacco-planting soil and the diversity and richness of the bacterial community were comprehensively discussed. The results of this study showed that different previously cultivated crops altered the nutrient status of the soil, with changes in the ratio of NH4 +-N to NO3 --N having the most significant impact on tobacco. In CK, the ratio of NH4 +-N to NO3 --N was 1:24.2, T1-1:9.59, and T2-1:11.10. The composition of the bacterial community in tobacco-planting soil varied significantly depending on the previously cultivated crops. The richness and diversity of the bacterial community with different crops were considerably higher than without prior cultivation of different crops. The dominant bacteria in different treatments were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi with their relative abundance differed. In conclusion, our study revealed significant differences in nutrient status, bacterial community diversity, and the richness of tobacco-planting soil after the preceding cultivation of different crops. Suitable crops should be selected to be previously cultivated in tobacco crop rotations in near future for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Dali Prefecture Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Rujun Xue
- Weishan City Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Weishan, Yunnan, China
| | - Dexun Wang
- Dali Prefecture Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Dali Prefecture Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaiyuan Gu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyue Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaen Su
- Dali Prefecture Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yonglei Jiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Somboon S, Rossopa B, Yodda S, Sukitprapanon TS, Chidthaisong A, Lawongsa P. Mitigating methane emissions and global warming potential while increasing rice yield using biochar derived from leftover rice straw in a tropical paddy soil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8706. [PMID: 38622195 PMCID: PMC11018614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The sustainable management of leftover rice straw through biochar production to mitigate CH4 emissions and enhance rice yield remains uncertain and undefined. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of using biochar derived from rice straw left on fields after harvest on greenhouse gas emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and rice yield in the paddy field. The experiment included three treatments: chemical fertilizer (CF), rice straw (RS, 10 t ha-1) + CF, and rice straw-derived biochar (BC, 3 t ha-1 based on the amount of product remaining after pyrolysis) + CF. Compared with CF, BC + CF significantly reduced cumulative CH4 and CO2 emissions, net GWP, and greenhouse gas emission intensity by 42.9%, 37.4%, 39.5%, and 67.8%, respectively. In contrast, RS + CF significantly increased cumulative CH4 emissions and net GWP by 119.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The reduced CH4 emissions were mainly caused by the addition of BC + CF, which did not increase the levels of dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, consequently resulting in reduced archaeal abundance, unlike those observed in RS + CF. The BC + CF also enhanced soil total organic carbon content and rice grain yield. This study indicated that using biochar derived from leftover rice straw mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and improves rice productivity in tropical paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowalak Somboon
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Soil Organic Matter Management Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Rossopa
- Prachin Buri Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Ban Sang, Prachin Buri, 25150, Thailand
| | - Sujitra Yodda
- Program on System Approaches in Agriculture for Sustainable Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanabhat-Sakorn Sukitprapanon
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Soil Organic Matter Management Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Amnat Chidthaisong
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Phrueksa Lawongsa
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Soil Organic Matter Management Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Lee J, Lee S, Lin KYA, Jung S, Kwon EE. Abatement of odor emissions from wastewater treatment plants using biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122426. [PMID: 37607647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Odor is a critical environmental problem that negatively affects people's quality of life. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often emit various odorous compounds, such as ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and organosulfur. Abatement of odor emissions from WWTPs using biochar may contribute to achieving carbon neutrality due to the carbon negative nature, CO2 sorption, and negative priming effects of biochar. Biochar has a high specific surface area and microporous structure with appropriate activation, which is suitable for sorption purposes. Various research directions have been proposed to determine the biochar removal efficiency for different odorants released from WWTPs. According to the literature survey, the pre- and post-treatments (e.g., thermal treatment, chemical treatment, and metal impregnation) of biochar could enhance the removal capacity for the odorants emitted from WWTPs at comparable conditions, compared to unmodified biochar. The feedstock and production condition (particularly, pyrolysis temperature) of a biochar and initial concentration of an odorant markedly affect the biochar's odorant removal capacity and efficiency. Moreover, different adsorption systems for the removal of odorants emitted from WWTPs follow different adsorption models. Further research is required to establish the practical use of biochar for the mitigation of odors released from WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jechan Lee
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Architectural Engineering, and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonho Lee
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Thakur BK, Sharma S, Sharma A, Shivani, Singh KK, Pal PK. Integration of biochar with nitrogen in acidic soil: A strategy to sequester carbon and improve the yield of stevia via altering soil properties and nutrient recycling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118872. [PMID: 37683384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The health of agroecosystems is subsiding unremittingly, and the over-use of chemical fertilizers is one of the key reasons. It is hypothesized that integrating biochar, a carbon (C)-rich product, would be an effective approach to reducing the uses of synthetic fertilizers and securing crop productivity through improving soil properties and nutrient cycling. The bamboo biochar at different quantities (4-12 Mg ha-1) and combinations with chemical fertilizers were tested in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) farming in silty clay acidic soil. The integration of biochar at 8 Mg ha-1 with 100% nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) produced statistically (p ≤ 0.05) higher leaf area index, dry leaf yield, and steviol glycosides yield by about 18.0-33.0, 25.8-44.9, and 20.5-59.4%, respectively, compared with the 100% NPK via improving soil physicochemical properties. Soil bulk density was reduced by 5-8% with biochar at ≥ 8 Mg ha-1, indicating the soil porosity was increased by altering the soil macrostructure. The soil pH was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) augmented with the addition of biochar alone or in the combination of N because of the alkaline nature of the used biochar (pH = 9.65). Furthermore, integrating biochar at 8 Mg ha-1 with 100% NPK increased 22.7% soil organic C compared with the sole 100% NPK. The priming effect of applied N activates soil microorganisms to mineralize the stable C. Our results satisfy the hypothesis that adding bamboo biochar would be a novel strategy for sustaining productivity by altering soil physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babit Kumar Thakur
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, HP, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Shivani
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, HP, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Singh
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Probir Kumar Pal
- Division of Agrotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, HP, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Dal Y, Akkuş F, Karagün Ş, Çolak H, Coşkun A. Are serum delta neutrophil index and other inflammatory marker levels different in hyperemesis gravidarum? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:828-834. [PMID: 36627732 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is a condition characterized by nausea and vomiting, fluid electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, dehydration, weight loss, and ketonuria in early pregnancy. The relationship of HEG with inflammation has been studied in many studies. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum delta neutrophil index (DNI), a new inflammatory marker, and other inflammatory markers in demonstrating the disease's presence and severity in HEG patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD This retrospective study was conducted by accessing the electronic data of 79 pregnant women diagnosed with HEG in a tertiary center between 2017 and 2022 and 100 healthy pregnant women. The demographic characteristics of the study and control groups, as well as the hematological parameters in the complete blood count and the levels of inflammatory markers, were recorded. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups regarding hematological parameters, DNI, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation index (p > 0.05). Neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in the HEG group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to determine the relationship between HEG and serum DNI, a new inflammatory marker. We found that serum DNI values in HEG patients were not different from normal pregnancies and did not reflect the presence and severity of the disease. We also found that inflammatory markers other than the NLR were not different from normal pregnancies in HEG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Dal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatology Department, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Fatih Akkuş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatology Department, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Karagün
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatology Department, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hatun Çolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Coşkun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatology Department, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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Ullah S, Ali I, Yang M, Zhao Q, Iqbal A, Wu X, Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Khan A, Adnan M, Yuan P, Jiang L. Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020527. [PMID: 36838492 PMCID: PMC9959172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is an important soil amendment that can enhance the biological properties of soil, as well as nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in N-fertilized crops. However, few studies have characterized the effects of urea and biochar application on soil biochemical traits and its effect on paddy rice. Therefore, a field trial was conducted in the early and late seasons of 2020 in a randomized complete block design with two N levels (135 and 180 kg ha-1) and four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1). The treatment combinations were as follows: 135 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T1), 135 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T2), 135 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T3), 135 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T4), 180 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T5), 180 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T6), 180 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T7) and 180 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T8). The results showed that soil amended with biochar had higher soil pH, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) than soil that had not been amended with biochar. In both seasons, the 20 t ha-1 and 30 t ha-1 biochar treatments had the highest an average concentrations of NO3--N (10.54 mg kg-1 and 10.25 mg kg-1, respectively). In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average activity of the enzymes urease, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, and chitinase was, respectively, 25.28%, 14.13%, 67.76%, and 22.26% greater; however, the activity of the enzyme catalase was 15.06% lower in both seasons. Application of biochar considerably increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which was 48% greater on average in biochar-amended soil than in unamended soil. However, there were no significant variations in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) across treatments. In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average N content was 24.46%, 20.47%, and 19.08% higher in the stem, leaves, and panicles, respectively. In general, adding biochar at a rate of 20 to 30 t ha-1 with low-dose urea (135 kg N ha-1) is a beneficial technique for improving the nutrient balance and biological processes of soil, as well as the N uptake and grain yield of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Rajput VD, Minkina T, Ahmed B, Singh VK, Mandzhieva S, Sushkova S, Bauer T, Verma KK, Shan S, van Hullebusch ED, Wang B. Nano-biochar: A novel solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112891. [PMID: 35183514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the applications of biochar (BC) in agricultural practices and for environmental remediation purposes have demonstrated multifaceted advantages despite a few limitations. Nano-BC offers considerable opportunities especially for the remediation of hazardous contaminants as well as the improvement of crop productivity. Positive outcomes of nano-BC on soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics have indicated its suitability for agricultural applications. Nano-BC may effectively regulate the mobilization and sorption of important micro- and macro-nutrients, along with the hazardous contaminants including potentially toxic metals, pesticides, etc. Additionally, the sorption characteristics of nano-BC depends substantially on feedstock materials and pyrolysis temperatures. Nevertheless, the conducted investigations regarding nano-BC are in infant stages, requiring extensive field investigations. The nano-enhanced properties of BC on one hand dramatically improve its effectiveness and sustainability, on the other hand, there may be associated with toxicity development in diverse aquatic and/or terrestrial environments. Therefore, risk assessment on soil organisms and its indirect impact on human health is another area of concern linked with the field application of nano-BC. The present review delineates the potentiality of nano-BC as an emerging sorbent for sustainable agriculture and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bilal Ahmed
- Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana Bauer
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia Federation
| | | | - Shengdao Shan
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique Du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
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Tran Sy N, Huynh Van T, Nguyen Huu C, Nguyen Van C, Mitsunori T. Rice husk and melaleuca biochar additions reduce soil CH4 and N2O emissions and increase soil physicochemical properties. F1000Res 2022; 10:1128. [PMID: 35284059 PMCID: PMC8881694 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74041.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biochar is a promising material in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from paddy fields due to its remarkable structural properties. Rice husk biochar (RhB) and melaleuca biochar (MB) are amendment materials that could be used to potentially reduce emissions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, their effects on CH
4 and N
2O emissions and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: We conducted a field experiment using biochar additions to the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Five treatments comprising 0 t ha
-1 (CT0); 5 t ha
-1 (RhB5) and 10 t ha
-1 (RhB10), and 5 t ha
-1 (MB5) and 10 t ha
-1 (MB10) were designed plot-by-plot (20 m
2) in triplicates. Results: The results showed that biochar application from 5 to 10 t ha
-1 significantly decreased cumulative CH
4 (24.2-28.0%, RhB; 22.0-14.1%, MB) and N
2O (25.6-41.0%, RhB; 38.4–56.4%, MB) fluxes without a reduction in grain yield. Increasing the biochar application rate further did not decrease significantly total CH
4 and N
2O fluxes but was seen to significantly reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scale GWP in the RhB treatments. Biochar application improved soil Eh but had no effects on soil pH. Whereas CH
4 flux correlated negatively with soil Eh (
P < 0.001;
r
2 = 0.552, RhB;
P < 0.001;
r
2 = 0.502, MB). Ameliorating soil aeration and functions by adding RhB and MB resulted in improving soil physicochemical properties, especially significant SOM and AN boosting, which indicate better soil health, structure, and fertility. Conclusions: Biochar supplementation significantly reduced CH
4 and N
2O fluxes and improved soil mineralization and physicochemical properties toward beneficial for rice plants. The results suggest that the optimal combination of biochar-application rates and effective water-irrigation techniques for soil types in the MD should be further studied in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Tran Sy
- College of Environment and Natural resources, 3/2 street, Can Tho University, Can Tho city, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Huynh Van
- College of Environment and Natural resources, 3/2 street, Can Tho University, Can Tho city, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Chiem Nguyen Huu
- College of Environment and Natural resources, 3/2 street, Can Tho University, Can Tho city, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Cong Nguyen Van
- College of Environment and Natural resources, 3/2 street, Can Tho University, Can Tho city, 900000, Vietnam
| | - Tarao Mitsunori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8506, Japan
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Nan Q, Fang C, Cheng L, Hao W, Wu W. Elevation of NO 3--N from biochar amendment facilitates mitigating paddy CH 4 emission stably over seven years. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118707. [PMID: 34923062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application into paddy is an improved strategy for addressing methane (CH4) stimulation of straw biomass incorporation. Whereas, the differentiative patterns and mechanisms on CH4 emission of straw biomass and biochar after long years still need to be disentangled. Considering economic feasibility, a seven-year of field experiment was conducted to explore the long-term CH4 mitigation effect of annual low-rate biochar incorporation (RSC, 2.8 t ha-1), with annual rice straw incorporation (RS, 8 t ha-1) and control (CK, with no biochar or rice straw amendment incorporation) as a comparation. Results showed that RSC mitigated CH4 emission while RS stimulated CH4 significantly (p < 0.05) and stably over 7 experimental years compared with CK. RSC mitigated 14.8-46.7% of CH4 emission compared with CK. In comparison to RSC, RS increased 111-950.5% of CH4 emission during 7 field experimental years. On the 7th field experimental year, pH was significantly increased both in RS and RSC treatment (p < 0.05). RSC significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil nitrate (NO3--N) compared with RS while RS significantly (p < 0.05) increased dissolved carbon (DOC) compared to RSC. Soil NO3--N inhibition on methanogens and promotion on methanotrophs activities were verified by laboratory experiment, while soil pH and DOC mainly promoted methanogens abundance. Significantly (p < 0.05) increased DOC and soil pH enhanced methanogens growth and stimulated CH4 emission in RS treatment. Higher soil NO3--N content in RSC than CK and RS contributed to CH4 mitigation. Soil NO3--N and DOC were identified as the key factors differentiating CH4 emission patterns of RS and RSC in 2019. Collectively, soil NO3--N impacts on CH4 flux provide new ideas for prolonged effect of biochar amendment on CH4 mitigation after years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nan
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Chenxuan Fang
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Linqi Cheng
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Wang Hao
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China.
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Mapping Paddy Rice Distribution and Cropping Intensity in China from 2014 to 2019 with Landsat Images, Effective Flood Signals, and Google Earth Engine. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Paddy rice cropping systems play a vital role in food security, water use, gas emission estimates, and grain yield prediction. Due to alterations in the labor structure and the high cost of paddy rice planting, the paddy rice cropping systems (single or double paddy rice) have drastically changed in China in recent years; many double-cropping paddy rice fields have been converted to single-cropping paddy rice or other crops, especially in southern China. Few maps detect single and double paddy rice and cropping intensity for paddy rice (CIPR) in China with a 30 m resolution. The Landsat-based and effective flooding signal-based phenology (EFSP) method, which distinguishes CIPR with the frequency of the effective flooding signal (EFe), was proposed and tested in China. The cloud/ice/shadow was excluded by bit arithmetic, generating a good observation map, and several non-paddy rice masks were established to improve the classification accuracy. Threshold values for single and double paddy rice were calculated through the mapped data and agricultural census data. Image processing (more than 684,000 scenes) and algorithm implementation were accomplished by a cloud computing approach with the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The resultant maps of paddy rice from 2014 to 2019 were evaluated with data from statistical yearbooks and high-resolution images, with producer (user) accuracy and kappa coefficients ranging from 0.92 to 0.96 (0.76–0.87) and 0.67–0.80, respectively. Additionally, the determination coefficients for mapped and statistical data were higher than 0.88 from 2014 to 2019. Maps derived from EFSP illustrate that the single and double paddy rice systems are mainly concentrated in the Cfa (warm, fully humid, and hot summer, 49% vs. 56%) climate zone in China and show a slightly decreasing trend. The trend of double paddy rice is more pronounced than that of single paddy rice due to the high cost and shortages of rural household labor. However, single paddy rice fields expanded in Dwa (cold, dry winter, and hot summer, 11%) and Dwb (cold, dry winter, and warm summer, 9%) climate zones. The regional cropping intensity for paddy rice coincides with the paddy rice planting area but shows a significant decrease in south China, especially in Hunan Province, from 2014 to 2019. The results demonstrate that EFSP can effectively support the mapping of single and double paddy rice fields and CIPR in China, and the combinations of Landsat 7 and 8 provide enough good observations for EFSP to monitor paddy rice agriculture.
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Ginebra M, Muñoz C, Calvelo-Pereira R, Doussoulin M, Zagal E. Biochar impacts on soil chemical properties, greenhouse gas emissions and forage productivity: A field experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150465. [PMID: 34582858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising alternative to agricultural productivity and climate change mitigation. However, quantitative data are needed to better understand the productivity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural fields amended with biochar. To assess the impacts of the four biochars on soil properties, forage productivity, and GHG emissions, a 1-year field experiment was conducted in a Humic Haploxerands (Andisol). Three manure-derived biochars and one wood residue biochar (all pyrolyzed at 550 °C) were applied at rates of 1% (equivalent to 11 t ha-1) in two parallel and independent experiments. The changes in (i) soil chemical properties and yield of Sorghum sudangrass (S. bicolor×S. bicolor var. Sudanese) and (ii) soil CO2 and N2O emissions were monitored. Two controls, with and without NPK, were included. The added amendments produced from residues of poultry and pig systems increased soil pH by 0.73 and 0.19 units, respectively. Increased sorghum yield were associated with fertilizer and the liming potential of the added biochar. Soil total carbon (TC) increased with the addition of different biochars, especially during the wood biochar treatment. Biochar application, regardless of the feedstock, had no significant impact on the cumulative soil CO2 emitted after a year. Soil N2O fluxes decreased (23%-50%) in treatments containing biochars with low mineral N contents and high C stability (i.e., low H:OC and Cox:TC ratios). NPK treatment resulted in the highest N2O emissions. Wood residue-derived biochar has a great potential in mitigating climate change, reducing soil N2O emissions, and promoting soil C storage. Manure-derived biochars could be instrumental in circular economy livestock systems, where pyrolyzed animal manure can satisfy the demand for nutrients and/or liming of Andisols under sustainable forage models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ginebra
- Doctoral Program in Agronomic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - Cristina Muñoz
- Department of Soils and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile.
| | - Roberto Calvelo-Pereira
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, PB 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marcelo Doussoulin
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - Erick Zagal
- Department of Soils and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile
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12
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Long J, Liu E. Identification of the β thalassemia allele β -50 and analysis of the hematology data of carriers in a southern Chinese population. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 86:63-70. [PMID: 34558661 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During a routine test, we identified a 38-year-old man who had a positive hematology screening result but was negative for hot spot variants of his thalassemia gene. Further analysis identified β-50 (HBB: c.-100G>A). It was first suggested that β-50 was a β+ -thal allele, and some research groups suggested this allele was a silent β-thal allele. To fully understand the hematological phenotype of the β-50 allele, we screened for individuals carrying β-50 in the general population and performed hematology analysis on these carriers. A real-time PCR detection system was designed to verify samples carrying β-50 . Twenty-one thousand samples and 43 pedigree samples were screened, and 86 β-50 carriers were detected. We performed hematological analysis on 65 individuals older than 3 years who had normal serum ferritin and analyzed the data. A total of 34.62% of the β-50 /βN individuals had mean cellular volume (MCV) or mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH) values slightly lower than the positive cutoff value of screening; the β-50 carriers' Hb A2 value was slightly elevated. According to the test results, β-50 carriers have slight changes in hematology parameters, including slight decreases in MCV and MCH and slight increases in Hb A2 ; however, these effects do not reach the degree of traditional β+ alleles. Females with genotype β-50 /β0 show a degree of decline in hematological indicators during pregnancy. Therefore, we should describe β-50 as a β++ thalassemia allele, and identification of β-50 can explain slight changes in hematological indicators in some carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Long
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Qinzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Qinzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Enqi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Ahmad Z, Mosa A, Zhan L, Gao B. Biochar modulates mineral nitrogen dynamics in soil and terrestrial ecosystems: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130378. [PMID: 33838428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, over the last two decades, has become the focal point of agro-environmental research given its unique functionality, cost-effectiveness and recyclability potentials. It has been studied intensively as an efficient scavenger for the decontamination of several organic and inorganic pollutants. However, the ability of biochar to modulate nitrogen (N) dynamics in soil and terrestrial ecosystems remains controversial. This work deliberates on the premise that biochar functionality enables maximizing N use efficiency by reducing the potential losses induced by volatilization/emission and runoff/leaching as well as stimulating available N inputs derived from symbiotic and nonsymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and N mineralization/retention. For this purpose, we carried out a critical review on different intriguing dimensions surrounding the potentiality of biochar to modulate the complicated reactions of soil N cycle with emphasis on its pros and cons. Previous studies in the literature have shown contradictory results with a noticeable significant effect of biochar toward stimulating available N inputs and reducing its losses under short-term laboratory experimentations. However, long-term field investigations have indicated minimal or negative effects in this regard. Furthermore, some of the experimentations lack appropriate controls or fail to account for inputs or losses associated with biochar particles. It is thus of great importance to contextualise lab-scale experimentations based on real field data to provide a holistic approach for understanding the complicated reactions responsible for modulating N cycle in the charosphere. Additionally, biochar functionalization should be highlighted in the foreseeable research to develop fit-for-purpose forms tailored in agro-environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Lu Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
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Addition of Activated Carbon into a Cattle Diet to Mitigate GHG Emissions and Improve Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the most problematic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ruminant livestock is methane (CH4), with a global warming potential 25 times that of carbon dioxide. This work considers the emissions and production effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) at 0.5% by dry matter (DM) on methanogenic rumen flora as the major source of dairy cattle enteric methane emissions. In total, 180 dairy cattle located in Brymaroo, Queensland (QLD), Australia, were studied in a three-cycle repeated measures ANOVA format with a 4 week primary interval. Emissions eructated during milking and in faecal deposits were measured, and in addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the collective populations of prokaryotic bacteria and archaea as well methanogenic communities for each treatment. Moreover, 0.5% PAC addition reduced CH4 emissions by 30–40% and CO2 emissions by 10%, while improving daily milk production by 3.43%, milk protein by 2.63% and milk fat by 6.32%, on average for the herd (p < 0.001 in all cases). rRNA gene sequencing showed populations of methanogenic flora decreased by 30% on average with a corresponding increase in the nonmethanogenic species. We strongly advocate further on-farm trials with the dietary addition of PAC in ruminant diets to mitigate emissions while maintaining or improving productivity.
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Chen D, Chen Y, Wang Y. Hydrochar did not reduce rice paddy NH 3 volatilization compared to pyrochar in a soil column experiment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19115. [PMID: 33154540 PMCID: PMC7644716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrochar (PC) is always with high pH value, and improper application might increase rice paddy ammonia volatilization (PAV), which is the main nitrogen loss through air during rice production. Differently, hydrochar (HC) takes the advantages of high productive rate and always with lower pH value compared with PC. However, effect pattern and mechanism of HC on PAV are still unclear. In the present study, soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of PC and HC application on PAV. In total, treatments with four types of biochar (WPC, SPC, WHC and SHC, i.e., PC and HC prepared with wheat straw and sawdust, respectively) and two application rates (0.5% and 1.5%, w/w) were set up and non-biochar application was used as control. Results showed that, application of HC with low pH value could not reduce PAV compared with PC. Total PAV increased significantly as the increase of HC application rate (especially for WHC). The increment of PAV under high rate HC application might be due to the strong buffer capacity of soil, the aging of biochar, the high nitrogen from HC. The results indicated that HC should be pretreatment before utilization in agricultural environment considering PAV reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yueqin Cheng
- Nanjing Station of Quality Protection in Cultivated Land, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Danyan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211169, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Yueman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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