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Batool M, Qazi REM, Mudassir MA, Sajid Z, Zaman R, Rauf MA, Kousar S, Ahmad I, Rehman FU, Mian AA. Titania-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Philadelphia-Positive Leukemia Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4352-4365. [PMID: 38900491 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) leukemia is a type of blood cancer also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), affecting 20-30% of adults diagnosed worldwide and having an engraved prognosis as compared to other types of leukemia. The current treatment regimens mainly rely on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and bone marrow transplants. To date, several generations of TKIs have been developed due to associated resistance and frequent relapse, with cardiovascular system anomalies being the most devastating complication. Nanotechnology has the potential to address these limitations by the targeted drug delivery and controlled release of TKIs. This study focused on the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite employment to load nilotinib and ponatinib TKIs for therapy of Ph+ leukemia cell line (K562) and Ba/F3 cells engineered to express BCR-ABL oncogene. Meanwhile, after treatment, the oncogene expressing fibroblast cells (Rat-1 P185) were evaluated for their colony formation ability under 3D conditions. To validate the nanocomposite formation, the TiO2-GO nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscope, DLS, XRD, FTIR, zeta potential, EDX, and element mapping. The TKI-loaded TiO2-GO was not inferior to the free drugs after evaluating their effects by a cell viability assay (XTT), apoptosis induction, and colony formation inhibition. The cell signaling pathways of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) were also investigated by Western blot. These signaling pathways were significantly downregulated in the TKI-loaded TiO2-GO-treated groups. Based on the findings above, we can conclude that TiO2-GO exhibited excellent drug delivery potential that can be used for Ph+ leukemia therapy in the future, subject to further investigations.
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MESH Headings
- Graphite/chemistry
- Graphite/pharmacology
- Titanium/chemistry
- Titanium/pharmacology
- Nanocomposites/chemistry
- Humans
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Materials Testing
- Particle Size
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Biocompatible Materials/chemistry
- Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Animals
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Rida-E-Maria Qazi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, First Flour, Juma Building, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Chemistry Department, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Sajid
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, First Flour, Juma Building, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rena Zaman
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, First Flour, Juma Building, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mhd Ahmar Rauf
- Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Heme Oncology Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1382, United States
| | - Shazia Kousar
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ur Rehman
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, First Flour, Juma Building, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Afsar Ali Mian
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, First Flour, Juma Building, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
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Hsu HT, Lin SY, Lu YT, Chuang YY, Chuang SH. Enhanced Fenton-like process over Z-scheme MoO 3 surface decorated with Fe 2O 3 under visible light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8007. [PMID: 38580673 PMCID: PMC10997789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysts consisting of Z-scheme heterojunctions are commonly used in wastewater treatment due to their exceptional reactivity in photocatalysis and highly efficient visible-light utilization. In this work, Fe2O3-decorated MoO3 rods were synthesized through a two-step method and their photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was evaluated. The Fe2O3/MoO3 rods were characterized by XRD, SEM, micro-Raman, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, and PL to investigate their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The results indicate that the photodegradation efficiency of Fe2O3/MoO3 improved through a reduction in the gap energy and persistence of a 1D hexagonal prism structure. The degradation rate of MB was enhanced from 31.7 to 91.5% after irradiation for 180 min owing to electron-hole separation and Fenton-like process. Formation of the OH radical is a key factor in the photodegradation reaction and with the addition of H2O2 the efficiency can further improve via a Fenton-like mechanism. Furthermore, the Z-scheme mechanism concurrently delineated. The Fe2O3/MoO3 rod composites were also found to retain high photocatalytic efficiency after being reused five times, which may be useful for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tse Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ying Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan.
| | - Shiow-Huey Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan.
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3
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Stepanova A, Tite T, Ivanenko I, Enculescu M, Radu C, Culita DC, Rostas AM, Galca AC. TiO 2 Phase Ratio's Contribution to the Photocatalytic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41664-41673. [PMID: 37970036 PMCID: PMC10634250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is one of the approaches for solving environmental issues derived from extremely harmful pollution caused by industrial dyes, medicine, and heavy metals. Titanium dioxide is among the most promising photocatalytic semiconductors; thus, in this work, TiO2 powders were prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis using titanium tetrachloride TiCl4 as a Ti source. The effect of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration on TiO2 formation was analyzed, in which a thorough morpho-structural analysis was performed employing different analysis methods like XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM/TEM, and N2 physisorption. EPR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the paramagnetic defect centers and the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species. Photocatalytic properties were tested by photocatalytic degradation of the rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV light irradiation and using a solar simulator. The pH value directly influenced the formation of the TiO2 phases; for less acidic conditions, the anatase phase of TiO2 crystallized, with a crystallite size of ≈9 nm. Promising results were observed for TiO2, which contained 76% rutile, showing a 96% degradation of RhB under the solar simulator and 91% under UV light after 90 min irradiation, and the best result showed that the sample with 67% of the anatase phase after 60 min irradiation under the solar simulator had a 99% degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stepanova
- National
Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Teddy Tite
- National
Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Iryna Ivanenko
- National
Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv 03056, Ukraine
| | - Monica Enculescu
- National
Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Cristian Radu
- National
Institute of Materials Physics, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Daniela Cristina Culita
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Arpad Mihai Rostas
- National
Institute of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca 400293, Romania
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Lu M, Javed M, Javed K, Tan S, Iqbal S, Liu G, Khalid WB, Qamar MA, Alrbyawi H, Pashameah RA, Alzahrani E, Farouk AE. Construction of a Well-Defined S-Scheme Heterojunction Based on Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst to Support Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation Driven by Sunlight. Catalysts 2022; 12:1175. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, organic dyes and other environmental contaminants are focal areas of research, with considerable interest in the production of stable, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly photocatalysts to eliminate these contaminants. In the present work, bismuth-doped zinc ferrite (Bi-ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and bismuth-doped zinc ferrites supported on sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4) (BZFG) photocatalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal process. SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to examine the morphological, structural, and bonding characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts. The photocatalytic competence of the functional BZFG nanocomposites (NCs) was studied against MB under sunlight. The influence of Bi (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt.%) doping on the photocatalytic performance of ZnFe2O4 was verified, and the 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited the maximum MB degradation. Then, 9%Bi-ZnFe2O4 NPs were homogenized with varying amounts of S-g-C3N4 (10, 30, 50, 60, and 70 wt.%) to further enhance the photocatalytic performance of BZFG NCs. The fabricated Bi-ZnFe2O4/30%S-g-C3N4 (BZFG-30) composite outperformed ZnFe2O4, S-g-C3N4 and other BZFG NCs in terms of photocatalytic performance. The enriched photocatalytic performance of the BZFG NCs might be ascribed to a more efficient transfer and separation of photo-induced charges due to synergic effects at the Bi-ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 interconnection. The proposed modification of ZnFe2O4 using Bi and S-g-C3N4 is effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe.
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5
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Luo B, Wu C, Zhang F, Wang T, Yao Y. Preparation of Porous Ellipsoidal Bismuth Oxyhalide Microspheres and Their Photocatalytic Performances. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6035. [PMID: 36079416 PMCID: PMC9457083 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Well-dispersed and uniform porous ellipsoidal-shaped bismuth oxyhalides (nominal composition: 80%BiOCl/20%BiOI) microspheres were obtained by a facile solvothermal method, in which process the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as template agent was found to be crucial. At 150 °C, elliptical porous particles with a particle size of 0.79 μm were formed. Instead of forming solid solutions, the study of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows that the prepared 80%BiOCl/20%BiOI microspheres are composite of BiOCl and BiOI in nature and the obtained crystallite size is about 5.6 nm. The optical bandgap of 80%BiOCl/20%BiOI was measured to be 2.93 eV, which is between the bandgap values of BiOCl and BiOI. The 80%BiOCl/20%BiOI microspheres were able to decompose various organic dyes (rhodamine B-RhB, methyl orange-MO, methylene blue-MB, methyl violet-MV) under an illuminated condition with the degradation rate in the order of RhB > MB > MV > MO, and 98% of RhB can be degraded in 90 min. Radical scavenger tests showed that photogenerated holes are the main active species for the photocatalytic decomposition of all of the tested organic dyes. Our results show that the obtained porous ellipsoidal-shaped 80%BiOCl/20%BiOI microspheres are promising for the degradation of various organic pollutants under the illumination of visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Luo
- China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Canfeng Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fuzeng Zhang
- China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | | | - Yingbang Yao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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The preparation of core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles with different surface carboxyl densities and their application in the removal of methylene blue. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Perumal N, Selvaraj P, Venkatesan H, Elizabeth AMS, Yuvaraj R, Pandian RYN, Ramasamy J. Enhanced UV-Irradiated Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green by Porous WO 3 Decorated on 2D Graphene Sheet. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3966-3980. [PMID: 35394253 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
High efficient and environment friendly one-pot in situ microwave irradiation method was implemented towards the preparation of porous reduced graphene oxide/WO3 (rGOW) nanocomposites for the first time. Here, 3D porous WO3 nanoparticles were evenly decorated on 2D rGO sheets. The crystal phase purity and the functional group characterizations of the as-synthesized nanomaterials were examined by powder XRD and Raman spectral analyses. The morphological studies from the SEM, TEM, and BET measurements clearly revealed the highly porous nature of nano-sized WO3 and its distribution on the surface of rigid 2D graphene sheet. The UV along with visible light-driven degradation mechanism of malachite green (MG) dye in the rGOW nanocomposites was well illustrated with the schematic diagram and discussed in detail through the kinetics of the degradation process upon calculating the rate constant and half-life time. The rGO/WO3 photocatalyst delivered high MG degradation efficiency of 97% under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Perumal
- Department of Physics, School of Arts and Science, AV Campus, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
| | - Paulraj Selvaraj
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities Vel Tech Rangaarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600 117, India
| | | | - Allen Moses Samuel Elizabeth
- Department of Physics, School of Arts and Science, AV Campus, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Raghu Yuvaraj
- Department of Physics, School of Arts and Science, AV Campus, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Jayavel Ramasamy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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8
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Sharma S, Basu S. Construction of an efficient and durable hierarchical porous CuO/SiO2 monolith for synergistically boosting the visible-light-driven degradation of organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Improving SERS Sensing Efficiency and Catalytic Reduction Activity in Multifunctional Ternary Ag-TiO2-GO Nanostructures: Roles of Electron Transfer Process on Performance Enhancement. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1169599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites have received great attention for years; electron transfer (ET) is considered as an explanatory mechanism for enhancement of performance of these nanostructures. The existence of this ET process has been proved in many studies using either experimental or computational approaches. In this study, a ternary nanocomposite system of Ag/TiO2/GO was prepared to evaluate the performance enhancement in two experimental models: a physical model (i.e., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor) and a chemical one (i.e., catalytic reduction reaction). The metal/semiconductor heterojunction between Ag and TiO2, as well as Ti-O-C bonds, has allowed plasmonic hot electrons to be transferred in the internal structure of the material. An investigation on the role of Ag content on the SERS sensing and catalytic reduction efficiency of Ag/TiO2/GO was performed in both models. Interestingly, they all resulted in the same optimal Ag content of 50 wt%. It was then further discussed to provide a convincing evidence for the plasmon-induced electron transfer phenomena in the Ag/TiO2/GO nanostructure. These findings also suggest a pathway to design and develop high-performance, cost-effective, facile-preparation, and eco-friendly multifunctional nanostructures for detecting and removing contaminants in environment.
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10
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Wang K, Li X, Wang N, Shen Q, Liu M, Zhou J, Li N. Z-Scheme Core–Shell meso-TiO 2@ZnIn 2S 4/Ti 3C 2 MXene Enhances Visible Light-Driven CO 2-to-CH 4 Selectivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xianhe Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
| | - Quanhao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
| | - Maochang Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
- Suzhou Academy of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 99 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, No. 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P. R. China
| | - Naixu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, No. 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, P. R. China
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Aamir M, Bibi I, Ata S, Majid F, Kamal S, Alwadai N, Sultan M, Iqbal S, Aadil M, Iqbal M. Graphene oxide nanocomposite with Co and Fe doped LaCrO3 perovskite active under solar light irradiation for the enhanced degradation of crystal violet dye. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Lian P, Qin A, Liao L, Zhang K. Progress on the nanoscale spherical TiO
2
photocatalysts: Mechanisms, synthesis and degradation applications. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lian
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin P. R. China
| | - Aimiao Qin
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin P. R. China
| | - Lei Liao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin P. R. China
| | - Kaiyou Zhang
- Key Lab New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin P. R. China
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13
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Liu H, Hu D, Chen X, Ma W. Surface engineering of nanoparticles for highly efficient
UV
‐shielding composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Dechao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Wenshi Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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