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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhu J, Chen K, Ullah R, Tong J, Shen Y. Retinal VIP-amacrine cells: their development, structure, and function. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1065-1076. [PMID: 38066110 PMCID: PMC11009269 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amacrine cells (ACs) are the most structurally and functionally diverse neuron type in the retina. Different ACs have distinct functions, such as neuropeptide secretion and inhibitory connection. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) -ergic -ACs are retina gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -ergic -ACs that were discovered long ago. They secrete VIP and form connections with bipolar cells (BCs), other ACs, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). They have a specific structure, density, distribution, and function. They play an important role in myopia, light stimulated responses, retinal vascular disease and other ocular diseases. Their significance in the study of refractive development and disease is increasing daily. However, a systematic review of the structure and function of retinal VIP-ACs is lacking. We discussed the detailed characteristics of VIP-ACs from every aspect across species and providing systematic knowledge base for future studies. Our review led to the main conclusion that retinal VIP-ACs develop early, and although their morphology and distribution across species are not the same, they have similar functions in a wide range of ocular diseases based on their function of secreting neuropeptides and forming inhibitory connections with other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiru Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Li L, Tang X, Fan H, Song W, Xie J, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Zou Y. The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in atropine-related inhibition of the progression of myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38279089 PMCID: PMC10811830 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in myopia development and its contribution to the mechanism of action of the anti-myopia drug, atropine. METHODS Thirty-three-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control (NC, n = 10), monocularly form-deprived (FDM, n = 10), and FDM treated with 1% atropine (FDM + AT, n = 10) groups. The diopter and axial length were measured at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. Guinea pig eyeballs were removed at week four, fixed, and stained for morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed to evaluate VIP protein and mRNA levels. RESULTS The FDM group showed an apparent myopic shift compared to the control group. The results of the H&E staining were as follows: the cells of the inner/outer nuclear layers and retinal ganglion cells were disorganized; the choroidal thickness (ChT), blood vessel lumen, and area were decreased; the sclera was thinner, with disordered fibers and increased interfibrillar space. IHC and ISH revealed that VIP's mRNA and protein expressions were significantly up-regulated in the retina of the FDM group. Atropine treatment attenuated FDM-induced myopic shift and fundus changes, considerably reducing VIP's mRNA and protein expressions. CONCLUSIONS The findings of elevated VIP mRNA and protein levels observed in the FDM group indicate the potential involvement of VIP in the pathogenesis and progression of myopia. The ability of atropine to reduce this phenomenon suggests that this may be one of the molecular mechanisms for atropine to control myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Lan Li
- Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Haobo Fan
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yangyu Tang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yanqing Jiang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunchun Zou
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China.
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Lin Y, Peng G, Bruner DW, Miller AH, Saba NF, Higgins KA, Shin DM, Claussen H, Johnston HR, Houser MC, Wommack EC, Xiao C. Associations of differentially expressed genes with psychoneurological symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer: A longitudinal study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111518. [PMID: 37832274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience psychoneurological symptoms (PNS, i.e., depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, and cognitive dysfunction) during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) that negatively impact their functional status, quality of life, and overall survival. The underlying mechanisms for PNS are still not fully understood. This study aimed to examine differentially expressed genes and pathways related to PNS for patients undergoing IMRT (i.e., before, end of, 6 months, and 12 months after IMRT). METHODS Participants included 142 patients with HNC (mean age 58.9 ± 10.3 years, 72.5% male, 83.1% White). Total RNA extracted from blood leukocytes were used for genome-wide gene expression assays. Linear mixed effects model was used to examine the association between PNS and gene expression across time. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was employed to identify pathways related to PNS. RESULTS A total of 1352 genes (162 upregulated, 1190 downregulated) were significantly associated with PNS across time (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Among these genes, 112 GO terms were identified (FDR < 0.05). The top 20 GO terms among the significant upregulated genes were related to immune and inflammatory responses, while the top 20 GO terms among the significant downregulated genes were associated with telomere maintenance. CONCLUSION This study is the first to identify genes and pathways linked to immune and inflammatory responses and telomere maintenance that are associated with PNS in patients with HNC receiving IMRT. Inflammation and aging markers may be candidate biomarkers for PNS. Understanding biological markers may produce targets for novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Lin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Deborah W Bruner
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kristin A Higgins
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Henry Claussen
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Madelyn C Houser
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Canhua Xiao
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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He X, Lin C, Zhang F, Zhang S, Kang M, Wei S, Li H, Wang N, Li SM. Outdoor time influences VIPR2 polymorphism rs2071623 to regulate axial length in Han Chinese children. Mol Vis 2023; 29:266-273. [PMID: 38222453 PMCID: PMC10784227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical relevance Identification of individuals with a higher risk of developing refractive error under specific gene and environmental backgrounds, especially myopia, could enable more personalized myopic control advice for patients. Background Refractive error is a common disease that affects visual quality and ocular health worldwide. Its mechanisms have not been elaborated, although both genes and the environment are known to contribute to the process. Interactions between genes and the environment have been shown to exert effects on the onset of refractive error, especially myopia. Axial length elongation is the main characteristic of myopia development and could indicate the severity of myopia. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the interaction between environmental factors and genetic markers of VIPR2 and their impact on spherical equivalence and axial length in a population of Han Chinese children. Methods A total of 1825 children aged 13~15 years in the Anyang Childhood Eye Study (ACES) were measured for cycloplegic autorefraction, axial length, and height. Saliva DNA was extracted for genotyping three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the candidate gene (VIPR2). The median outdoor time (2 h/day) was used to categorize children into high and low exposure groups, respectively. Genetic quality control and linear and logistic regressions were performed. Generalized multifactor dimensional reduction (GMDR) was used to investigate gene-environment interactions. Results There were 1391 children who passed genetic quality control. Rs2071623 of VIPR2 was associated with axial length (T allele, β=-0.11 se=0.04 p=0.006), while SNP nominally interacted with outdoor time (T allele, β=-0.17 se=0.08 p=0.029). Rs2071623 in children with high outdoor exposure had a significant interaction effect on axial length (p=0.0007, β=-0.19 se=0.056) compared to children with low outdoor exposure. GMDR further suggested the existence of an interaction effect between outdoor time and rs2071623. Conclusions Rs2071623 within VIPR2 could interact with outdoor time in Han Chinese children. More outdoor exposure could enhance the protective effect of the T allele on axial elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchuan Zhang
- School of Mathematics Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Sanguo Zhang
- School of Mathematics Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Mengtian Kang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shifei Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Anyang Eye Hospital, Henan Province, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao JH, Li J, Zhang XY, Shi S, Wang L, Yuan ML, Liu YP, Wang YD. Confusoside from Anneslea fragrans Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in HepG2 via PI3K-CASP3 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:1932. [PMID: 36838918 PMCID: PMC9964309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Confusoside (CF), a major chemical compound in the leaves of Anneslea fragrans Wall., is a dihydrochalcone glycoside with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the hepatoprotective effect of CF has not been described. This study aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effect of CF against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic injury in HepG2 cells. First, the potential hepatoprotective effect mechanisms of CF were predicted by network pharmacology and were thought to involve reducing inflammation and inhibiting apoptosis. Target proteins (phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K) and caspase-3 (CASP3)) were found via molecular docking analysis. To verify the predicted results, an analysis of biological indicators was performed using commercial kits and Western blotting. The results showed that CF significantly decreased the levels of liver injury biomarkers (ALT, AST, and LDH), strongly inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the NO level via inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and markedly regulated the expression levels of Bcl2, Bax, and cleaved-CASP3/9 proteins by activating the PI3K-CASP3 apoptosis pathway. The results demonstrated that CF has a therapeutic effect on APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting intracellular inflammation and cell apoptosis, indicating that CF may be used as a potential reagent for the prevention and treatment of APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Information, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- The faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- The faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu-Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
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Transaxillary gasless endoscopic hemithyroidectomy versus conventional open hemithyroidectomy: early single-centre experience. Updates Surg 2022; 74:917-925. [PMID: 35489003 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-022-01286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional open thyroidectomy is defined as a gold standard in thyroid gland disease treatment. However, progressive surgery methods such as endoscopic technique provide better structure visualisation and improved cosmetic effect. Our study aim is to compare conventional open (COH) and endoscopic transaxillary hemithyroidectomy (TAH) and define the learning curve for TAH procedure. We retrospectively analysed 107 COH and 65 TAH cases. Patients' demographic data and surgery results were compared. Also, surgeon learning curve analysis using cumulative sum (CUSUM) was performed for the duration of the surgery. TAH was applied to younger female patients with lower thyroid gland volume. COH group patients were hospitalised for longer in comparison with TAH (p < 0.05). Mean TAH surgery time was longer (78.1 min, SD = 22.6) compared with COH (66.7 min, 15.3) (p < 0.05). Overall complication rate was comparable between groups. There was a tendency towards a lower unintentional parathyroidectomy rate in TAH group. TAH group results showed significantly longer surgery time for patients whose body mass index (BMI) was over 30 (kg/m2), compared to whose BMI was below 30 (kg/m2) (p = 0.004). Shortest endoscopic surgery time (64.9 ± 12.45 min) was achieved between 41 and 50 cases. CUSUM analysis showed that surgery time decreased after the 30th TAH case. TAH approach compared to COH results in longer surgery time, shorter hospital stay and comparable rate of postoperative complications. However matched pair studies are necessary to clarify the results. After thirty cases, the surgeon became proficient in transaxillary endoscopic thyroid surgery.
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Yu T, Xie X, Wei H, Shen H, Wu Q, Zhang X, Ji H, Tian Q, Song J, Bi H. Choroidal changes in lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104213. [PMID: 34171364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the role of the choroid in lens-induced myopia (LIM) in guinea pigs. METHODS Guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups: a normal control (NC) group and a LIM group. Refraction and axial length (AL) were measured by streak retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasonography. The choroidal thickness (ChT), vessel density of the choriocapillaris (VDCC) and vessel density of the choroidal layer (VDCL) were assessed by Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SD-OCT). In addition, the choroidal expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes at the mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the LIM group, refraction and AL were increased significantly compared with those in the NC group at 2 weeks (refraction: LIM vs. NC, -4.23 ± 0.43 D vs. 2.20 ± 0.48 D; AL: LIM vs. NC, 8.36 ± 0.05 mm vs. 8.22 ± 0.03 mm) and 4 weeks (refraction: LIM vs. NC, -5.88 ± 0.49 D vs. 1.63 ± 0.41 D; AL: 8.57 ± 0.06 mm vs. 8.40 ± 0.04 mm). The ChT and VDCC were decreased significantly compared with those in the NC group at 2 weeks (ChT: LIM vs. NC, 60.92 ± 8.15 μm vs. 79.11 ± 7.47 μm; VDCC: LIM vs. NC, 23.43 ± 3.85% vs. 28.74 ± 4.11%) and 4 weeks (ChT: LIM vs. NC, 48.43 ± 6.85 μm vs. 76.38 ± 7.84 μm; VDCC: LIM vs. NC, 21.29 ± 2.17% vs. 27.64 ± 2.91%). The VDCL was also decreased compared with that in the NC group at 2 weeks and 4 weeks (NC vs. LIM, 24.87 ± 5.16% vs. 22.45 ± 3.26%; 23.37 ± 5.85% vs. 21.39 ± 2.62%; all P > 0.05). Moreover, the ChT was positively correlated with the VDCC and VDCL. The mRNA and protein expression of NOS enzymes (eNOS and nNOS) was increased. CONCLUSIONS During the development of myopia, the ChT, VDCC and VDCL were decreased, while NOS expression in the choroid was increased. The expression of NOS was negatively correlated with the ChT, VDCC and VDCL. NO may play an important role in regulating the choroid during myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - Huixia Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- People's Hospital of Rizhao, No. 126#, Tai'an Road, Rizhao 276826, PR China
| | - Qiuxin Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China; Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - Xiuyan Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - HaiFeng Ji
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - QingMei Tian
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China
| | - Jike Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China.
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 48#, Yingxiongshan Road, Jinan 250002, PR China.
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Zhao F, Li Q, Chen W, Zhu H, Zhou D, Reinach PS, Yang Z, He M, Xue A, Wu D, Liu T, Fu Q, Zeng C, Qu J, Zhou X. Dysfunction of VIPR2 leads to myopia in humans and mice. J Med Genet 2020; 59:88-100. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundMyopia is the leading cause of refractive errors. As its pathogenesis is poorly understood, we determined if the retinal VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis has a role in controlling signalling output that affects myopia development in mice.MethodsAssociation analysis meta-study, single-cell transcriptome, bulk RNA sequencing, pharmacological manipulation and VIPR2 gene knockout studies were used to clarify if changes in the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway affect refractive development in mice.ResultsThe SNP rs6979985 of the VIPR2 gene was associated with high myopia in a Chinese Han cohort (randomceffect model: p=0.013). After either 1 or 2 days’ form deprivation (FD) retinal VIP mRNA expression was downregulated. Retinal single-cell transcriptome sequencing showed that VIPR2 was expressed mainly by bipolar cells. Furthermore, the cAMP signalling pathway axis was inhibited in some VIPR2+ clusters after 2 days of FD. The selective VIPR2 antagonist PG99-465 induced relative myopia, whereas the selective VIPR2 agonist Ro25-1553 inhibited this response. In Vipr2 knockout (Vipr2-KO) mice, refraction was significantly shifted towards myopia (p<0.05). The amplitudes of the bipolar cell derived b-waves in 7-week-old Vipr2-KO mice were significantly larger than those in their WT littermates (p<0.05).ConclusionsLoss of VIPR2 function likely compromises bipolar cell function based on presumed changes in signal transduction due to altered signature electrical wave activity output in these mice. As these effects correspond with increases in form deprivation myopia (FDM), the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis is a viable novel target to control the development of this condition.
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