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Zhao L, Kan Y, Wang L, Pan J, Li Y, Zhu H, Yang Z, Xiao L, Fu X, Peng F, Ren H. Roles of long non‑coding RNA SNHG16 in human digestive system cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:106. [PMID: 38940337 PMCID: PMC11234248 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of tumors in the human digestive system is relatively high, including esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. These malignancies arise from a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Among them, long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which cannot be translated into proteins, serve an important role in the development, progression, migration and prognosis of tumors. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is a typical lncRNA, and its relationship with digestive system tumors has been widely explored. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that the principal molecular mechanism of SNHG16 in digestive system tumors involves it functioning as a competitive endogenous RNA that interacts with other proteins, regulates various genes and influences a downstream target molecule. The present review summarizes recent research on the relationship between SNHG16 and numerous types of digestive system cancer, encompassing its biological functions, underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Furthermore, it outlines the association between SNHG16 expression and pertinent risk factors, such as smoking, infection and diet. The present review indicated the promise of SNHG16 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human digestive system cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Kan
- Central Laboratory of Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jiquan Pan
- School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfa Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation of Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Molecular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Yadav R, Das SK, Ali M, Shetake NG, Pandey BN, Kumar A. Mechanistic insights into Thorium-232 induced liver carcinogenesis: The driving role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168065. [PMID: 37884152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Thorium-232 (Th-232), a naturally-occurring radioactive element with high potential of nuclear fuel is now being utilized in advanced nuclear reactors for CO2-free energy generation. To achieve all-round capability in Th-fuel cycle for health and environment, understanding the biological effects of Th-232 at cellular and molecular level are extremely important. The present study investigated long-term effects (6 and 12 months) of Th-232 (4, 10 and 20 mg/kg) on gene expression in mice liver (major target organ). Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, ≥2.0 folds, p < 0.05) showed that with the increase of Th dose (4 to 20 mg/kg), the number of upregulated DEGs increased and the number of downregulated DEGs decreased significantly. A significant number of upregulated DEGs (10 genes in 6 months and 14 genes in 12 months) were found common between 4 and 20 mg/kg. Gene Ontology analysis revealed significant (Padj ~ 10-6-10-28) enrichment of upregulated DEGs for metabolic process, signal transduction, cell death, cell cycle and cell proliferation. KEGG pathway analysis showed DEGs significantly enriched in several cancer-related pathways including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Protein-protein interaction analysis further revealed statistically significant functional interaction (p-value ~10-6-10-10) among the proteins of HCC, which identified β-catenin as one of the most significant signaling nodes in association with myc, an oncogene and p53, a tumor suppressor. Importantly, these results were corroborated by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in liver tissues of animals exposed to Th-232. This study insights Wnt/β-catenin signaling network attributable to drive Th-induced liver carcinogenesis, which may have significant implications for management of long-term effects of Th-232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Yadav
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sourav Kumar Das
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Manjoor Ali
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Neena G Shetake
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Badri N Pandey
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
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Ramakrishnan N, Mokhtari R, Charville GW, Bui N, Ganjoo K. Management Strategies and Outcomes in Primary Liver Angiosarcoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:439-444. [PMID: 37580871 PMCID: PMC10510833 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare tumor of the liver that originates from endothelial and fibroblastic tissue, with poor prognosis and lack of standardized treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 23 patients with primary liver angiosarcoma treated at an academic sarcoma center. METHODS We screened all patients with primary liver angiosarcoma treated at Stanford between 2000 and 2022. Data was collected from EPIC electronic medical records and included patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes. Statistical analysis was completed using Python 3.0, while survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Lifelines Packages. RESULTS There were nearly equal numbers of males (11) and females (12) in our study, with most patients aged 70 to 79 at diagnosis. The median overall survival (OS) was 6 months (range 0.07 to 222.6 mo). The 2- and 5-year OS were both 38.6%. 71% of patients received systemic treatment with chemotherapy, while 29% received immunotherapy. Local treatment with surgery or radioembolization was performed in 14% of patients. Three patients in our study displayed particularly improved OS and received various treatments, which ranged from hepatic resection to ipilimumab/nivolumab. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that primary liver angiosarcoma has poor outcomes despite treatment. Surgical resection with negative margins is the only curative modality. However, most patients present with advanced disease and are not surgical candidates. Further research is needed to identify more effective systemic therapy options for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Mokhtari
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Nam Bui
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristen Ganjoo
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA
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Anguiano-Albarran R, Cain D, Obi F, Pradeep S, Cimo M, Mehta S. Primary Hepatic Angiosarcoma Presenting As Cryptogenic Cirrhosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43529. [PMID: 37719603 PMCID: PMC10501742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. PHA makes a very small portion of primary liver tumors and conveys a poor prognosis. Symptomatology can be vague and often mimics primary hepatocellular carcinoma upon presentation. Diagnosis requires careful immunohistopathologic confirmation. We present a case of PHA in a patient with abdominal pain and suspected underlying cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Anguiano-Albarran
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center Texas Christian University (TCU) - Internal Medicine Residency, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Daniel Cain
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center Texas Christian University (TCU) - Internal Medicine Residency, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Franklin Obi
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center Texas Christian University (TCU) - Internal Medicine Residency, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Sidart Pradeep
- Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center Texas Christian University (TCU) - Internal Medicine Residency, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Michael Cimo
- Pathology, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Shivang Mehta
- Transplant Hepatology, Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, USA
- Transplant Hepatology, Annette C. & Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Fort Worth, USA
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Bhuvanadas S, Devi A. JARID2 and EZH2, The Eminent Epigenetic Drivers In Human Cancer. Gene 2023:147584. [PMID: 37353042 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a prominent cause of death, accounting for approximately 10 million death worldwide as per the World Health Organization reports 2020. Epigenetics deal with the alterations of heritable phenotypes, except for DNA alterations. Currently, we are trying to comprehend the role of utmost significant epigenetic genes involved in the burgeoning of human cancer. A sundry of studies reported the Enhancer of Zeste Homologue2 (EZH2) as a prime catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex2, which is involved in several pivotal activities, including embryogenesis. In addition, EZH2 has detrimental effects leading to the onset and metastasis of several cancers. Jumonji AT Rich Interacting Domain2 (JARID2), an undebated crucial nuclear factor, has strong coordination with the PRC2 family. In this review, we discuss various epigenetic entities, primarily focusing on the possible role and mechanism of EZH2 and the significant contribution of JARID2 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeshma Bhuvanadas
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India - 603203
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India - 603203.
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Martínez C, Lai JK, Ramai D, Facciorusso A, Gao ZH. Cancer registry study of malignant hepatic vascular tumors: hepatic angiosarcomas and hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8883-8890. [PMID: 34850580 PMCID: PMC8683533 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant vascular tumors (MVTs) are rare and often misdiagnosed due to wide range of clinical presentations, varied histology, and exquisite imagining features. We aim to characterize two different types of MVTs of the liver: hepatic angiosarcomas (HA) and hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (HEHE). Methods Data on HA and HEHE between 1975 and 2016 were extracted from the SEER database and analyzed. Results A total of 366 patients with HA were identified where 64.2% were male and 79% of White race. The median age at diagnosis was 64 ± 16.2 years. Distant metastasis was found in 24% of patients, regional disease in 22.1%, and localized disease in 21.3%. The median overall survival for HA was 2 months. For HEHE, 120 cases were identified, 32.5% were male and 80% of White race. The median age of diagnosis was 51 ± 16.8 years. Distant metastasis was found in 37.5% of patients, regional disease in 27.5%, and localized disease in 20%. The median overall survival was 182 months. Conclusion Patients’ demographics such as race, age, and gender may assist in elucidating distinct subtypes of MVTs. HA is an aggressive tumor despite intervention. Patients with HEHE tumors have significantly better survival compared to patients with HA. Further studies are needed to deepen our knowledge about the histopathology of these tumors, the outcomes of liver transplantation as a therapeutic alternative, and available molecular targets for MVTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Martínez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Lai
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zeng D, Cheng J, Gong Z, Chen J, Long H, Zhu B. A pooled analysis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:556-567. [PMID: 32083280 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiosarcoma is an aggressive and malignant neoplasm. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is extremely rare and accounts for only approximately 5% of all angiosarcomas. Therefore, many doctors do not know enough about this disease; this lack of knowledge motivated us to perform this study. METHODS We carried out a systematic review of the literature published worldwide from 1990 to 2019 to study the main characteristics, demographics, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. RESULT A total of 219 patients were included in this study. Patients were mainly middle-aged and elderly at diagnosis, with an average age at onset of 56.7 years. The vast majority of patients (61.5%) presented with abdominal pain or distension. Of 143 patients with clear records of metastasis, 31.5% (45 patients) had distant metastasis. The median overall survival time was only 6 months, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 30.4 and 17.3%, respectively. Sex, age, tumor size and metastasis at diagnosis showed no correlation with survival rate. Hepatic rupture was a significant predictor of survival. Surgery is a major treatment choice, and adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients. Hepatic artery embolization is mainly used in cases of tumor rupture. However, liver transplantation is not advised. CONCLUSION We presented an overview of the demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes of the largest number of primary hepatic angiosarcoma patients investigated to date. We highlight the use of routine physical examinations and surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy to improve the outcomes in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zeng
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Cheng
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jianghong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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