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Chen Z, Ding YH, Shao L, Ji XM, Qian X, Zhang AQ. Qingfei mixture mitigates immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer by blocking stat1/Ido1-mediated tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32260. [PMID: 38882349 PMCID: PMC11176930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) acts as a T cell checkpoint and is important in controlling T cell exhaustion. Blocking the intercommunication across PD-1 and PD-L1 is promising for advanced lung cancer treatment. However, the response rate requires being strengthened. This study aimed to determine whether the combination treatment of Qingfei mixture (QFM) and PD-1 inhibitor could improve the sensitivity of monoclonal antibody by regulating STAT1/IDO1-mediated tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. The in vivo imaging system, immunofluorescence, hematoxylin-eosin staining, TUNEL, flow cytometry, HPLC, and ELISA were used to estimate the anti-tumor effects in LLC-luc tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with QFM, PD-1 inhibitor, 2-NP (enhancer of STAT1 transcription), and FICZ (AhR agonist) alone or in combination. IFN-γ-mediated A549 and LLC cells were treated with QFM-containing serum and fludarabine (FLU, STAT1 inhibitor), and cell viability, apoptosis, and Kyn content were then evaluated using CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and HPLC assays, respectively. Additionally, the expressions of STAT1, IDO1, AhR, NFATc1, TRIP12, PD-1, and PD-L1 were measured in vivo and in vitro. We found QFM increased the anti-cancer actions of PD-1 inhibitors by increasing the CD8+IFNγ+ T cells infiltration and decreasing the ratio of Kyn/Trp. Besides, QFM-containing serum suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis in A549 and LLC cells, meanwhile, FLU boosted the effects of QFM-containing serum. Moreover, the suppression of tumor growth in the combination therapy was attenuated in the mice receiving 2-NP or FICZ. The occurrence of the above results was accompanied by a decrease in STAT1, IDO1, AhR, PD-1, and PD-L1 expressions. Collectively, the findings suggested that QFM may increase the influences of PD-1 inhibitors at least partially by blocking the STAT1/IDO1-mediated tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Heng Ding
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Shao
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Ming Ji
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai-Qin Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Zhang J, Yu J, Liu M, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. Small-molecule modulators of tumor immune microenvironment. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107251. [PMID: 38442612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy, aimed at increasing the activity of immune cells and reducing immunosuppressive effects, has attracted wide attention. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking (ICB) is the most commonly explored therapeutic approach. All approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Compared with biological agents, small-molecule drugs have many unique advantages in tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, they also play an important role. Immunosuppressive signals such as PD-L1, IDO1, and TGF-β, etc. overexpressed in tumor cells form the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, the efficacy of multi-pathway combined immunotherapy has also been reported and verified. Here, we mainly reviewed the mechanism of tumor immunotherapy, analyzed the research status of small-molecule modulators, and discussed drug candidates' structure-activity relationship (SAR). It provides more opportunities for further research to design more immune small-molecule modulators with novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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3
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Gautam SK, Batra SK, Jain M. Molecular and metabolic regulation of immunosuppression in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:118. [PMID: 37488598 PMCID: PMC10367391 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to early metastasis and poor patient survival. Compared to the localized tumors, current standard-of-care therapies have failed to improve the survival of patients with metastatic PDAC, that necessecitates exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. While immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and therapeutic vaccines have emerged as promising treatment modalities in certain cancers, limited responses have been achieved in PDAC. Therefore, specific mechanisms regulating the poor response to immunotherapy must be explored. The immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by oncogenic mutations, tumor secretome, non-coding RNAs, and tumor microbiome persists throughout PDAC progression, allowing neoplastic cells to grow locally and metastasize distantly. The metastatic cells escaping the host immune surveillance are unique in molecular, immunological, and metabolic characteristics. Following chemokine and exosomal guidance, these cells metastasize to the organ-specific pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) constituted by local resident cells, stromal fibroblasts, and suppressive immune cells, such as the metastasis-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The metastatic immune microenvironment differs from primary tumors in stromal and immune cell composition, functionality, and metabolism. Thus far, multiple molecular and metabolic pathways, distinct from primary tumors, have been identified that dampen immune effector functions, confounding the immunotherapy response in metastatic PDAC. This review describes major immunoregulatory pathways that contribute to the metastatic progression and limit immunotherapy outcomes in PDAC. Overall, we highlight the therapeutic vulnerabilities attributable to immunosuppressive factors and discuss whether targeting these molecular and immunological "hot spots" could improve the outcomes of PDAC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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4
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Zhao S, Liu J, Lv Z, Zhang G, Xu Z. Recent updates on 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with in vivo therapeutic potential against cancers: A mini-review. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115254. [PMID: 36893627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole moiety which is usually constructed by highly versatile, efficacious and selective copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition not only can act as a linker to connect different pharmacophores, but also is a useful pharmacophore with diverse biological properties. 1,2,3-Triazoles are readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in cancer cells through non-covalent interactions and can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis. In particular, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids have the potential to exert dual or multiple anticancer mechanisms of action, representing useful scaffolds in expediting development of novel anticancer agents. The current review summarizes the in vivo anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of action of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids reported in the last decade to continuously open up a map for the remarkable exploration of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zaosheng Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guangde Zhang
- Engineering Training Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Mironov ME, Rybalova TV, Pokrovskii MA, Emaminia F, Gandalipov ER, Pokrovskii AG, Shults EE. Synthesis of fully functionalized spirostanic 1,2,3-triazoles by the three component reaction of diosgenin azides with acetophenones and aryl aldehydes and their biological evaluation as antiproliferative agents. Steroids 2023; 190:109133. [PMID: 36328088 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin is of significant interest due to its biological activity and synthetic application. In this study, we report the synthesis of a series of spirostanic 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by the three component reaction of (25R)-6-azidospirostan-3,5-diols with acetophenones and aryl aldehydes. The one-pot two step synthesis proceeds through the in situ formation of (E)-chalcones and copper catalyzed reaction with organic azides in DMF medium. Structural diversity was achieved by varying the aldehyde and acetophenone nature as well as the spirostanic azide stereochemistry. The results of in vitro biological assays showed that fully decorated spirostanic 1,2,3-triazoles exerted significant and selective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, glioblastoma (SNB-19, T98G, A-172) and neuroblastoma (IMR-32, SH-SYSY) (HCT116) cell lines (GI50 in the single-digit micromolar range). The data revealed that benzoyl and aryl substitutions in the triazole ring introduced at the 6β-position significantly improved the anti-tumor activity of (25R)-6-azidospirostan-3β,5α-diols. This position on the spirostan core may be the favourable to synthesize of potent anticancer leads from diosgenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim E Mironov
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana V Rybalova
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Pokrovskii
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Fatemeh Emaminia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Erik R Gandalipov
- International Institute of Solution Chemistry and Advanced Materials Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosov Street, 191002, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G Pokrovskii
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira E Shults
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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6
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Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Vogel P, Reynaud A, Pojer F, Dilek N, Reichenbach P, Ascenção K, Irving M, Coukos G, Michielin O, Zoete V. Structure-based optimization of type III indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1773-1811. [PMID: 35758198 PMCID: PMC9246256 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2089665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The haem enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and ageing. Expression of IDO1 in cancer cells results in the suppression of an immune response, and therefore IDO1 inhibitors have been developed for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report an extension of our previously described highly efficient haem-binding 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole inhibitor series, the best compound having both enzymatic and cellular IC50 values of 34 nM. We provide enzymatic inhibition data for almost 100 new compounds and X-ray diffraction data for one compound in complex with IDO1. Structural and computational studies explain the dramatic drop in activity upon extension to pocket B, which has been observed in diverse haem-binding inhibitor scaffolds. Our data provides important insights for future IDO1 inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Molecular Modeling Group, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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7
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Hou XX, Gong XQ, Mao LF, Sun G, Yang JX. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of erlotinib-based IDO1 inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940704. [PMID: 36034879 PMCID: PMC9399373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erlotinib is a highly specific and reversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the targeted therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) However, the efficacy of erlotinib is limited because the development of drug resistance during chemotherapy. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting tryptophan catabolic enzyme that is activated in many human cancers. In this study, we designed a series of erlotinib-based 1,2,3-triazole compounds by combining erlotinib with phenyl or benzyl azide. Attentive FP prediction model was used to predict the bioactivity of those compounds. We discovered that most of the erlotinib-based 1,2,3-triazole compounds are capable of suppressing IDO1 activities in vitro experiments. Among them, compound 14b (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.05 μM) had the strongest inhibitory effect on IDO1. In addition, compound 14b significantly inhibited tumor growth comparable to the antitumor activity of erlotinib and the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat in murine tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-xi Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-qing Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long-fei Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ge Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Sun, ; Jian-xue Yang,
| | - Jian-xue Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- School of Nursing, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Sun, ; Jian-xue Yang,
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8
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Green Catalysts in the Synthesis of Biopolymers and Biomaterials. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Peters SJ, Patel K. Electron Distribution in 1,2,3-Benzotriazole and 1,2,3-Triazole Anion Radical Isomers: An EPR and DFT Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14786-14796. [PMID: 34633818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anion radicals of N1- and N2-alkylbenzotriazoles and alkyltriazoles (alkyl = methyl or isopropyl) have been generated by low-temperature potassium metal reduction in tetrahydrofuran. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the electron spin distribution within the triazole ring of these systems is markedly different. The magnitude of the electron-nitrogen couplings along with the calculated spin densities reveals that the N2-alkylbenzotriazole and N2-alkyltriazole anion radicals have significantly greater electron spin residing within the N3 portion of the triazole ring compared with that of the respective N1 isomers. These differences impact the overall geometry of the triazole ring where both N2-isomers lose planarity upon reduction. Experimental and computational results reveal that the N2-methyltriazole anion radical has the largest concentration of electron spin residing in the N3 moiety compared to that of the other three anion radicals studied. Significant anisotropic line broadening is observed in the EPR spectrum of the N2-methyltriazole anion radical, which is a consequence of the large nitrogen hyperfine couplings and sufficiently slow rotational motion of this species in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Krutil Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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10
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Tang K, Wang B, Yu B, Liu HM. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors and PROTAC-based degraders for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113967. [PMID: 34752953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a known immunosuppressive enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has received increasing attention as an attractive immunotherapeutic target for cancer therapy. Up to now, eleven small-molecule IDO1 inhibitors have entered clinical trials for the treatment of cancers. In addition, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) based degraders also provide prospects for cancer therapy. Herein we present a comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry strategies and potential therapeutic applications of IDO1 inhibitors in nonclinical trials and IDO1-PROTAC degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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11
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Yi X, Shen M, Liu X, Gu J. Emerging strategies based on nanomaterials for ionizing radiation-optimized drug treatment of cancer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13943-13961. [PMID: 34477676 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug-radiotherapy is a common and effective combinational treatment for cancer. This study aimed to explore the ionizing radiation-optimized drug treatment based on nanomaterials so as to improve the synergistic efficacy of drug-radiotherapy against cancer and limit the adverse effect on healthy organs. In this review, these emerging strategies were divided into four parts. First, the delivery of the drug-loaded nanoparticles was optimized owing to the strengthened passive targeting process, active targeting process, and cell targeting process of nanoparticles after ionizing radiation exposure. Second, nanomaterials were designed to respond to the ionizing radiation, thus leading to the release of the loading drugs controllably. Third, radiation-activated pro-drugs were loaded onto nanoparticles for radiation-triggered drug therapy. In particular, nontoxic nanoparticles with radiosensitization capability and innocuous radio-dynamic contrast agents can be considered as radiation-activated drugs, which were discussed in this review. Fourth, according to the various synergetic mechanisms, radiotherapy could improve the drug response of cancer, obtaining optimized drug-radiotherapy. Finally, relative suggestions were provided to further optimize these aforementioned strategies. Therefore, a novel topic was selected and the emerging strategies in this region were discussed, aiming to stimulate the inspiration for the development of ionizing radiation-optimized drug treatment based on nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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12
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Chatterjee S, Chatterjee A, Jana S, Dey S, Roy H, Das MK, Alam J, Adhikary A, Chowdhury A, Biswas A, Manna D, Bhattacharyya A. Transforming growth factor beta orchestrates PD-L1 enrichment in tumor-derived exosomes and mediates CD8 T-cell dysfunction regulating early phosphorylation of TCR signalome in breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:38-47. [PMID: 32832992 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells promote immune evasion through upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) that binds with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) on cytotoxic T cells and promote dysfunction. Though therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 antibody has remarkable effects on different type of cancers it is less effective in breast cancer (BC). Hence, more details understanding of PD-L1-mediated immune evasion is necessary. Here, we report BC cells secrete extracellular vesicles in form of exosomes carry PD-L1 and are highly immunosuppressive. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) present in tumor microenvironment orchestrates BC cell secreted exosomal PD-L1 load. Circulating exosomal PD-L1 content is highly correlated with tumor TGF-β level. The later also found to be significantly associated with CD8+CD39+, CD8+PD1+ T-cell phenotype. Recombinant TGF-β1 dose dependently induces PD-L1 expression in Texos in vitro and blocking of TGF-β dimmed exosomal PD-L1 level. PD-L1 knocked down exosomes failed to suppress effector activity of activated CD8 T cells like tumor exosomes. While understanding its effect on T-cell receptor signaling, we found siPD-L1 exosomes failed to block phosphorylation of src family proteins, linker for activation of T cells and phosphoinositide phospholipase Cγ of CD8 T cells more than PD-L1 exosomes. In vivo inhibition of exosome release and TGF-β synergistically attenuates tumor burden by promoting Granzyme and interferon gamma release in tumor tissue depicting rejuvenation of exhausted T cells. Thus, we establish TGF-β as a promoter of exosomal PD-L1 and unveil a mechanism that tumor cells follow to promote CD8 T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Annesha Chatterjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Samir Jana
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Dey
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Department of Chemistry, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Himansu Roy
- Department of Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Das
- Department of Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jahirul Alam
- Department of Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindya Adhikary
- Department of Pathology, Purulia Government Medical College & Hospital, Purulia, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhisek Chowdhury
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Biswas
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Department of Chemistry, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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13
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Ning XL, Li YZ, Huo C, Deng J, Gao C, Zhu KR, Wang M, Wu YX, Yu JL, Ren YL, Luo ZY, Li G, Chen Y, Wang SY, Peng C, Yang LL, Wang ZY, Wu Y, Qian S, Li GB. X-ray Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Dual Human Indoleamine/Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (hIDO/hTDO) Inhibitor That Shows Activity in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8303-8332. [PMID: 34110158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (hTDO) have been closely linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); nevertheless, development of dual hIDO1 and hTDO inhibitors to evaluate their potential efficacy against PD is still lacking. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and computational analyses revealing that 1H-indazole-4-amines inhibit both hIDO1 and hTDO by a mechanism involving direct coordination with the heme ferrous and ferric states. Crystal structure-guided optimization led to 23, which manifested IC50 values of 0.64 and 0.04 μM to hIDO1 and hTDO, respectively, and had good pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration in mice. 23 showed efficacy against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse motor coordination deficits, comparable to Madopar, an anti-PD medicine. Further studies revealed that different from Madopar, 23 likely has specific anti-PD mechanisms involving lowering IDO1 expression, alleviating dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reducing inflammatory cytokines and quinolinic acid in mouse brain, and increasing kynurenic acid in mouse blood.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Animals
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Indazoles/chemical synthesis
- Indazoles/metabolism
- Indazoles/therapeutic use
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Neuroprotective Agents/chemical synthesis
- Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Li Ning
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cui Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ji Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Kai-Rong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jun-Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya-Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zong-Yuan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Si-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhou-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shan Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Alexander JR, Kevorkian PV, Topczewski JJ. Intercepting the Banert cascade with nucleophilic fluorine: direct access to α-fluorinated NH-1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5024-5027. [PMID: 33890592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of propargylic azides with silver(i) fluoride in acetonitrile was found to yield α-fluorinated NH-1,2,3-triazoles via the Banert cascade. The reaction was regioselective and the products result from an initial [3,3] rearrangement. The reaction is demonstrated on >15 examples with yields ranging from 37% to 86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Alexander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - P V Kevorkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - J J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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15
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Alexander JR, Kevorkian PV, Topczewski JJ. Silver Mediated Banert Cascade with Carbon Nucleophiles. Org Lett 2021; 23:3227-3230. [PMID: 33797930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Banert cascade of propargylic azides can be promoted by simple silver salts, and the triazafulvene intermediate can be intercepted by carbon nucleophiles. Various indoles (>25 examples, up to 92% yield) and electron-rich heterocycles were effective. The Mayr nucleophilicity parameter (N) was found to correlate to the reaction efficiency, which enabled the formation of Csp3-Csp2 and Csp3-Csp3 bonds under otherwise identical conditions from structurally dissimilar nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Alexander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul V Kevorkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Röhrig UF, Majjigapu SR, Reynaud A, Pojer F, Dilek N, Reichenbach P, Ascencao K, Irving M, Coukos G, Vogel P, Michielin O, Zoete V. Azole-Based Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2205-2227. [PMID: 33557523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and aging through catalysis of the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Many IDO1 inhibitors with different chemotypes have been developed, mainly targeted for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Lead optimization of direct heme iron-binding inhibitors has proven difficult due to the remarkable selectivity and sensitivity of the heme-ligand interactions. Here, we present experimental data for a set of closely related small azole compounds with more than 4 orders of magnitude differences in their inhibitory activities, ranging from millimolar to nanomolar levels. We investigate and rationalize their activities based on structural data, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations. Our results not only expand the presently known four confirmed chemotypes of sub-micromolar heme binding IDO1 inhibitors by two additional scaffolds but also provide a model to predict the activities of novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute F Röhrig
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somi Reddy Majjigapu
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reynaud
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nahzli Dilek
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascencao
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vogel
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry and Asymmetric Synthesis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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17
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Pradhan N, Akhtar N, Nath B, Peña-García J, Gupta A, Pérez-Sánchez H, Kumar S, Manna D. Inhibition of immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by targeting the heme and apo-form. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:395-398. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimalarial to immunomodulator: the potent quinine derivatives not only bind to apo-IDO1 but also undergo complexation with the free heme and perturb its rebinding, which could provide an inimitable advantage over other reported IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasim Akhtar
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Chemistry
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Barnali Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Universidad Católica de Murcia
- Computer Engineering Department
- Guadalupe-30107
- Spain
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Guwahati
- India
| | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Biosciences and Bioengineering
- Guwahati
- India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Chemistry
- Guwahati
- India
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18
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Singh R, Salunke DB. Diverse chemical space of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113071. [PMID: 33341650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the first and rate limiting step of kynurenine pathway accounting for the major contributor of L-Tryptophan degradation. The Kynurenine metabolites are identified as essential cofactors, antagonists, neurotoxins, immunomodulators, antioxidants as well as carcinogens. The catalytic active site of IDO1 enzyme consists of hydrophobic Pocket-A positioned in the distal heme site and remains connected to a second hydrophobic Pocket-B towards the entrance of the active site. IDO1 enzyme also relates directly to the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Various studies proved that the over expression of IDO1 enzyme play a predominant role in the escape of immunity during cancer progression. Recently, there has been considerable interest in evaluating the potential of IDO1 inhibitors to mobilize the body's immune system against solid tumours. In the last two decades, enormous attempts to advance new IDO1 inhibitors are on-going both in pharmaceutical industries and in academia which resulted in the discovery of a diverse range of selective and potent IDO1 inhibitors. The IDO1 inhibitors have therapeutic utility in various diseases and in the near future, it may have utility in the treatment of COVID-19. Despite various reviews on IDO1 inhibitors in last five years, none of the reviews provide a complete overview of diverse chemical space including naturally occurring and synthetic IDO1 inhibitors with detailed structure activity relationship studies. The present work provides a complete overview on the IDO1 inhibitors known in the literature so far along with the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) in each class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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19
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Pan S, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Tian C, Wang T, Huang L, Nan J, Li L, Yang S. Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of 1-aryl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione derivatives as potent dual inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and trytophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Feng X, Liao D, Liu D, Ping A, Li Z, Bian J. Development of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy and Beyond: A Recent Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15115-15139. [PMID: 33215494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has received increasing attention due to its immunosuppressive function in connection with various diseases, including cancer. A recent increase in the understanding of IDO1 has significantly contributed to the discovery of numerous novel inhibitors, but the latest clinical outcomes raised questions and have indicated a future direction of IDO1 inhibition for therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of IDO1, discussing the latest advances in understanding the IDO1 structure and mechanism, an overview of recent IDO1 inhibitor discoveries and potential therapeutic applications to provide helpful information for medicinal chemists investigating IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - An Ping
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
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