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Baranov D, Dolgov S, Timerbaev V. New Advances in the Study of Regulation of Tomato Flowering-Related Genes Using Biotechnological Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:359. [PMID: 38337892 PMCID: PMC10856997 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The tomato is a convenient object for studying reproductive processes, which has become a classic. Such complex processes as flowering and fruit setting require an understanding of the fundamental principles of molecular interaction, the structures of genes and proteins, the construction of signaling pathways for transcription regulation, including the synchronous actions of cis-regulatory elements (promoter and enhancer), trans-regulatory elements (transcription factors and regulatory RNAs), and transposable elements and epigenetic regulators (DNA methylation and acetylation, chromatin structure). Here, we discuss the current state of research on tomatoes (2017-2023) devoted to studying the function of genes that regulate flowering and signal regulation systems using genome-editing technologies, RNA interference gene silencing, and gene overexpression, including heterologous expression. Although the central candidate genes for these regulatory components have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest achievements related to studying the processes of flowering and fruit set. This work attempts to display the gene interaction scheme to better understand the events under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (D.B.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (D.B.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (D.B.); (S.D.)
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Debbarma J, Saikia B, Singha DL, Das D, Keot AK, Maharana J, Velmurugan N, Arunkumar KP, Reddy PS, Chikkaputtaiah C. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutation in XSP10 and SlSAMT Genes Impart Genetic Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt Disease of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:488. [PMID: 36833415 PMCID: PMC9956927 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is a major devastating fungal disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) which reduces the yield and production. Xylem sap protein 10 (XSP10) and Salicylic acid methyl transferase (SlSAMT) are two putative negative regulatory genes associated with Fusarium wilt of tomato. Fusarium wilt tolerance in tomato can be developed by targeting these susceptible (S) genes. Due to its efficiency, high target specificity, and versatility, CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as one of the most promising techniques for knocking out disease susceptibility genes in a variety of model and agricultural plants to increase tolerance/resistance to various plant diseases in recent years. Though alternative methods, like RNAi, have been attempted to knock down these two S genes in order to confer resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt, there has been no report of employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system for this specific intent. In this study, we provide a comprehensive downstream analysis of the two S genes via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of single (XSP10 and SlSAMT individually) and dual-gene (XSP10 and SlSAMT simultaneously). Prior to directly advancing on to the generation of stable lines, the editing efficacy of the sgRNA-Cas9 complex was first validated using single cell (protoplast) transformation. In the transient leaf disc assay, the dual-gene editing showed strong phenotypic tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease with INDEL mutations than single-gene editing. In stable genetic transformation of tomato at the GE1 generation, dual-gene CRISPR transformants of XSP10 and SlSAMT primarily exhibited INDEL mutations than single-gene-edited lines. The dual-gene CRISPR-edited lines (CRELs) of XSP10 and SlSAMT at GE1 generation conferred a strong phenotypic tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease compared to single-gene-edited lines. Taken together, the reverse genetic studies in transient and stable lines of tomato revealed that, XSP10 and SlSAMT function together as negative regulators in conferring genetic tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johni Debbarma
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Banashree Saikia
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhanawantari L. Singha
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Keot
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Maharana
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Natarajan Velmurugan
- Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, Biological Sciences Division, CSIR-NEIST, Naharlagun 791110, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kallare P. Arunkumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute (CMER&TI), Lahdoigarh, Jorhat 785700, Assam, India
| | - Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cheng Z, Song W, Zhang X. Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac232. [PMID: 36643746 PMCID: PMC9832880 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable crops are greatly appreciated for their beneficial nutritional and health components. Hybrid seeds are widely used in vegetable crops for advantages such as high yield and improved resistance, which require the participation of male (stamen) and female (pistil) reproductive organs. Male- or female-sterile plants are commonly used for production of hybrid seeds or seedless fruits in vegetables. In this review we will focus on the types of genic male sterility and factors affecting female fertility, summarize typical gene function and research progress related to reproductive organ identity and sporophyte and gametophyte development in vegetable crops [mainly tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus)], and discuss the research trends and application perspectives of the sterile trait in vegetable breeding and hybrid production, in order to provide a reference for fertility-related germplasm innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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A Flashforward Look into Solutions for Fruit and Vegetable Production. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101886. [PMID: 36292770 PMCID: PMC9602186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important challenges facing current and future generations is how climate change and continuous population growth adversely affect food security. To address this, the food system needs a complete transformation where more is produced in non-optimal and space-limited areas while reducing negative environmental impacts. Fruits and vegetables, essential for human health, are high-value-added crops, which are grown in both greenhouses and open field environments. Here, we review potential practices to reduce the impact of climate variation and ecosystem damages on fruit and vegetable crop yield, as well as highlight current bottlenecks for indoor and outdoor agrosystems. To obtain sustainability, high-tech greenhouses are increasingly important and biotechnological means are becoming instrumental in designing the crops of tomorrow. We discuss key traits that need to be studied to improve agrosystem sustainability and fruit yield.
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Sharif R, Su L, Chen X, Qi X. Hormonal interactions underlying parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6497882. [PMID: 35031797 PMCID: PMC8788353 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In some horticultural crops, such as Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Rosaceae species, fruit set and development can occur without the fertilization of ovules, a process known as parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy is an important agricultural trait that can not only mitigate fruit yield losses caused by environmental stresses but can also induce the development of seedless fruit, which is a desirable trait for consumers. In the present review, the induction of parthenocarpic fruit by the application of hormones such as auxins (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; naphthaleneacetic acid), cytokinins (forchlorfenuron; 6-benzylaminopurine), gibberellic acids, and brassinosteroids is first presented. Then, the molecular mechanisms of parthenocarpic fruit formation, mainly related to plant hormones, are presented. Auxins, gibberellic acids, and cytokinins are categorized as primary players in initiating fruit set. Other hormones, such as ethylene, brassinosteroids, and melatonin, also participate in parthenocarpic fruit formation. Additionally, synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between these hormones is crucial for deciding the fate of fruit set. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and suggest future directions of research on parthenocarpic fruit formation in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Kim JS, Ezura K, Lee J, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. The inhibition of SlIAA9 mimics an increase in endogenous auxin and mediates changes in auxin and gibberellin signalling during parthenocarpic fruit development in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 252:153238. [PMID: 32707453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpic fruit formation can be achieved through the inhibition of SlIAA9, a negative regulator of auxin signalling in tomato plant. During early fruit development under SlIAA9 inhibition, cell division and cell expansion were observed. Bioactive gibberellin (GA) accumulated, but indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and trans-zeatin did not accumulate substantially. Furthermore, under SlIAA9 inhibition, auxin-responsive genes such as SlIAA2, -3, and -14 were upregulated, and SlARF7 was downregulated. These results indicate that SlIAA9 inhibition mimics an increase in auxin. The auxin biosynthesis genes SlTAR1, ToFZY, and ToFZY5 were stimulated by an increase in auxin and by auxin mimicking under SlIAA9 inhibition. However, SlTAR2 and ToFZY2 were upregulated only by pollination followed by high IAA accumulation. These results suggest that SlTAR2 and ToFZY2 play an important role in IAA synthesis in growing ovaries. GA synthesis was also activated by SlIAA9 inhibition through both the early-13-hydroxylation (for GA1 synthesis) and non-13-hydroxylation (GA4) pathways, indicating that fruit set caused by SlIAA9 inhibition was partially mediated by the GA pathway. SlIAA9 inhibition induced the expression of GA inactivation genes as well as GA biosynthesis genes except SlCPS during early parthenocarpic fruit development in tomato. This result suggests that inactivation genes play a role in fine-tuning the regulation of bioactive GA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seong Kim
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae‑ro 163, Dongdaemun‑gu, Seoul 130‑743, South Korea
| | - Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae‑ro 163, Dongdaemun‑gu, Seoul 130‑743, South Korea
| | - Mikkiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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