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Giri S, Kshirod Kumar Dash, Bhagya Raj G, Kovács B, Ayaz Mukarram S. Ultrasound assisted phytochemical extraction of persimmon fruit peel: Integrating ANN modeling and genetic algorithm optimization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106759. [PMID: 38211494 PMCID: PMC10825330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of phytochemicals from persimmon fruit peel (PFP) was modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) and optimized by integrating with genetic algorithm (GA). The range of process parameters selected for conducting the experiments was ultrasonication power (XU) 150---350 W, extraction temperatures (XT) 30---70 °C, solid to solvent ratio (XS) 1:15---1:35 g/ml, and ethanol concentration (XC) 40---80 %. The range of responses total phenolic content (YP), antioxidant activity (YA), total beta carotenoid (YB) and total flavonoid content (YF) at various independent variables combinations were found to be 7.72---24.62 mg GAE/g d.w., 51.44---85.58 %DPPH inhibition, 24.78---56.56 µg/g d.w. and 0.29---1.97 mg QE/g d.w. respectively. The modelling utilised an ANN architecture with a configuration of 4-12-4. The training process employed the Levenberg-Marquardt method, whereas the activation function chosen for the layers was the log sigmoid. The optimum condition predicted by the hybrid ANN-GA model for the independent variables, XU, XT, XS and XC was found to be 230.18 W, 50.66 °C, 28.27 g/ml, and 62.75 % respectively. The extraction process was carried out for 25 min, with 5-minute intervals, at various temperatures between 30 and 60 °C, to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of the process, under the optimal conditions of XU, XS and XC. The UAE of phytochemicals from persimmon peel followed pseudo second order kinetic model and the extraction process was endothermic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Giri
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gvs Bhagya Raj
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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Cui Y, Wang R, Cao S, Ismael M, Wang X, Lü X. A galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharide from Diospyros kaki peel: Isolation, characterization, rheological properties and antioxidant activities in vitro. Food Chem 2023; 416:135781. [PMID: 36871504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This research elucidated the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of a galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharide (PPP-2) isolated from Diospyros kaki peel. PPP-2 was extracted by subcritical water and subsequently purified by DEAE-Sepharose FF column. PPP-2 (12.28 kDa) mainly contained galacturonic acid, arabinose, and galactose with the molar ratios of 87.15: 5.86: 4.31. The structural characteristics of PPP-2 were revealed through FT-IR, UV, XRD, AFM, SEM, Congo red, methylation, GC/MS assay and NMR spectrum. PPP-2 owned the triple helical structure and degradation temperature of 251.09 ℃. The backbone of PPP-2 was formed by →4)-α-d-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→ and →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ with the side chains of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and α-l-Araf-(1→. Moreover, the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PPP-2 to ABTS•+, DPPH•, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical were 1.96, 0.91, 3.63, and 4.08 mg/mL, respectively. Our results suggested that PPP-2 might be a novel candidate of natural antioxidant in pharmaceuticals or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Ruiling Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Siyue Cao
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mohamedelfatieh Ismael
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Purification, structural characterization and antioxidant activities of two neutral polysaccharides from persimmon peel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:241-254. [PMID: 36332822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two neutral polysaccharides (PPP1-1 and PPP1-2) were purified from persimmon peel. PPP1-1 (21.84 kDa) was mainly composed of arabinose (22.92 %), galactose (21.09 %), glucose (35.13 %), and xylose (19.09 %), while PPP1-2 (10.42 kDa) mainly contained arabinose (32.98 %), galactose (20.81 %), glucose (26.86 %), xylose (10.46 %), and mannose (7.63 %). Methylation and NMR spectra analysis demonstrated that the backbone of PPP1-1 appeared to be →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →2,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → residues with branches consisting of →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, and α-L-Araf-(1 → residues. The main chain of PPP1-2 was composed of →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → residues with branches consisting of →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →1,2)-α-D-Glcp-(6→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and →4)-β-D-Manp-(1 → residues and terminal of α-L-Araf-(1 → residue. PPP1-2 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities and better thermal stability than PPP1-1. Our results provided the foundation for further investigating the structure and biological activities of persimmon peel polysaccharides and highlighted their potential to become potential antioxidants in functional food.
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Yin H, Liu W, Ji X, Yan G, Zeng X, Zhao W, Wang Y. Study on the mechanism of Wumei San in treating piglet diarrhea using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1138684. [PMID: 36925608 PMCID: PMC10011153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1138684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wumei San (WMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely applied in the treatment of piglet diarrhea (PD). However, the mechanism of WMS in PD has not been investigated. In this study, the main active compounds of WMS and the target proteins were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology, PubChem, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. The molecular targets of PD were identified using GeneCards, OMIM, and NCBI databases. The common targets of WMS and PD were screened out and converted into UniProt gene symbols. PD-related target genes were constructed into a protein-protein interaction network, which was further analyzed by the STRING online database. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to construct the component-target gene-disease network. Molecular docking was then used to examine the relationship between the core compounds and proteins. As a result, a total of 32 active compounds and 638 target genes of WMS were identified, and a WMS-compound-target network was successfully constructed. Through network pharmacology analysis, 14 core compounds in WMS that showed an effect on PD were identified. The targets revealed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were associated with the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and other pathways and physiological processes. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the active compounds in WMS spontaneously bind to their targets. The results indicated that WMS may regulate the local immune response and inflammatory factors mainly through the TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and other pathways. WMS is a promising treatment strategy for PD. This study provides new insights into the potential mechanism of WMS in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu ✉
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Wu Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-Border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Guangxi Mountain Comprehensive Technology Development Center, Nanning, China
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Cui Y, Wang S, Wang S, Cao S, Wang X, Lü X. Extraction optimization and characterization of persimmon peel pectin extracted by subcritical water. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100486. [PMID: 36304204 PMCID: PMC9593855 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon peel pectin (PPP) was extracted by subcritical water. PPP had low Mw of 21.79 kDa and its degree of esterification was 40.61 %. PPP attributed to a degradation temperature of 228.05 ℃. The IC50 of PPP to ABTS•+ was 9.8-times that of commercial citrus pectin in vitro. PPP altered microbial intestinal communities in mice.
Persimmon peel pectin (PPP) was extracted by subcritical water via the response surface methodology. The optimal crude PPP extraction yield of 7.62 ± 0.7 % was found at 138 °C, 2.84 min, and liquid–solid ratio of 1:10.02. After treatment of deproteinization and decolorization with papain and hydrogen peroxide, 83.19 % of protein and 78.56 % of the colour in crude PPP were removed, respectively. PPP owned the Mw of 21.79 kDa and its uronic acids content was 64.03 %. PPP was further affirmed by fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffractometer and 1H NMR analysis. Moreover, the degradation temperature (228.05 ℃) of PPP was verified via differential scanning calorimetry. Then, the IC50 of PPP to ABTS•+ was 9.8 times that of commercial citrus pectin. Moreover, PPP could change microbial communities and selectively enrich Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parabacteroides and Phocaeicola sartorii. This study demonstrated that subcritical water was practicable for extraction of persimmon peel pectin.
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Key Words
- CCP, Commercial citrus pectin
- CPPP, Crude persimmon peel pectin
- DE, Degree of esterification
- DSC, Differential scanning calorimetric
- GAE, Gallic acid equivalents
- GC, Gas chromatography
- Gut microbiota
- HPGPC, High performance gel permeation chromatography
- LefSe, Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size
- Mw, Molecular weight
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- PLS-DA, Partial least squares discriminant analysis
- PPP, Persimmon peel pectin
- Pectin
- Persimmon peel
- SCW, Subcritical water
- Subcritical water
- TPC, Total phenolic content
- XRD, X-ray diffraction
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Fruit Quality and Yield of Three Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Two Planting Systems under Different Protected Environments. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing interest in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) among consumers, together with the problems of climate change and specific substrate requirements, a novel approach to intensive blueberry production is required. Here, ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’, and ‘Brigitta’ blueberry cultivars were planted under the protective environments of a high tunnel and black hail net, each using ridge and pot planting systems. The high tunnel increased the maximal air temperature on average by 7.2 °C compared to the hail net. For all three cultivars, harvest began 6 to 18 days earlier under the high tunnel than under the hail net; however, lower yields and individual phenolics contents were obtained for the fruit. In ‘Aurora’ and ‘Brigitta’, environmental conditions under the high tunnel also reduced plant volume and fruit sugar/organic acid ratio. Growing blueberry plants in 60 L pots had no negative effects on plant volume and fruit ripening time, yield, firmness, color, and chemical composition. This study represents the first to compare highbush blueberry grown under the high tunnel and hail net protective environments using ridge and pot planting systems across three different cultivars. Here, we can conclude that optimal highbush blueberry production of ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’, and ‘Brigitta’ under the climate conditions of the study provides earlier ripening times under the high tunnel. However, according to fruit yield and quality, all three cultivars benefit from the hail net over the high tunnel, while ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’ also benefit in particular from the hail net combined with growth in pots.
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Innovative Strategies for the Use of Reflective Foils for Fruit Colouration to Reduce Plastic Use in Orchards. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Plastic in fruit orchards represents an environmental issue due to large CO2eq emissions associated with its production from fossil fuel and disposal (often incineration). (2) Materials and methods: Apple cv. “Braeburn Hillwell” trees on M9 rootstocks under a hail net were used at Campus Klein-Altendorf (CKA), Germany (50 °N) in 2018. In order to reduce the use of plastics to improve the red colouration of fruit particularly under hail nets, three alternatives to the current use of reflective mulch in each alleyway between the tree rows were explored, with uncovered grass alleyways as control. About 2800 colour measurements were done in the four weeks prior to harvest on 720 attached fruit below and above 1 m height in the field, and ca. 6900 additional colour measurements were conducted at harvest. (3) Results: The underlying regulatory mechanisms contrasted between the diffusive reflection of the white woven ground cover (such as LumilysTM or ExtendayTM) in the alleyways and aluminium foil under the trees with regular (straight) light reflection. Good fruit colouring and a plastic reduction were achieved (a) through spreading the white woven ground cover in every other row, and (b) through substituting the white ground cover with aluminium foil (80% recycled). Both methods can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (75–110 kg CO2eq/ha for the first option a). (4) Conclusion: Plastic use in fruit orchards can be reduced by multiple use of the material in the same or several years, spreading it in every other row or substituting it by another reflective material, a relevant step towards an environment-friendly sustainable horticulture.
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