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Kim D, Lee H, Yun Y, Park J, Zhang X, Bae JH, Baang S. Analyzing Acceptor-like State Distribution of Solution-Processed Indium-Zinc-Oxide Semiconductor Depending on the In Concentration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2165. [PMID: 37570484 PMCID: PMC10421299 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the density of state (DOS) distribution in solution-processed indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) is crucial for addressing electrical instability. This paper presents quantitative calculations of the acceptor-like state distribution of solution-processed IZO TFTs using thermal energy analysis. To extract the acceptor-like state distribution, the electrical characteristics of IZO TFTs with various In molarity ratios were analyzed with respect to temperature. An Arrhenius plot was used to determine electrical parameters such as the activation energy, flat band energy, and flat band voltage. Two calculation methods, the simplified charge approximation and the Meyer-Neldel (MN) rule-based carrier-surface potential field-effect analysis, were proposed to estimate the acceptor-like state distribution. The simplified charge approximation established the modeling of acceptor-like states using the charge-voltage relationship. The MN rule-based field-effect analysis validated the DOS distribution through the carrier-surface potential relationship. In addition, this study introduces practical and effective approaches for determining the DOS distribution of solution-processed IZO semiconductors based on the In molarity ratio. The profiles of the acceptor-like state distribution provide insights into the electrical behavior depending on the doping concentration of the solution-processed IZO semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kim
- School of Information Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (H.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Hyeonju Lee
- School of Information Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (H.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Youngjun Yun
- School of Nano Convergence Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaehoon Park
- School of Information Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (H.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shangdong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkeun Baang
- School of Information Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (H.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Sen A, Park H, Pujar P, Bala A, Cho H, Liu N, Gandla S, Kim S. Probing the Efficacy of Large-Scale Nonporous IGZO for Visible-to-NIR Detection Capability: An Approach toward High-Performance Image Sensor Circuitry. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9267-9277. [PMID: 35696345 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The technological ability to detect a wide spectrum range of illuminated visible-to-NIR is substantially improved for an amorphous metal oxide semiconductor, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), without employing an additional photoabsorber. The fundamentally tuned morphology via structural engineering results in the creation of nanopores throughout the entire thickness of ∼30 nm. See-through nanopores have edge functionalization with vacancies, which leads to a large density of substates near the conduction band minima and valence band maxima. The presence of nanoring edges with a high concentration of vacancies is investigated using chemical composition analysis. The process of creating a nonporous morphology is sophisticated and is demonstrated using a wafer-scale phototransistor array. The performance of the phototransistors is assessed in terms of photosensitivity (S) and photoresponsivity (R); both are of high magnitudes (S = 8.6 × 104 at λex = 638 nm and Pinc = 512 mW cm2-; R = 120 A W1- at Pinc = 2 mW cm2- for the same λex). Additionally, the 7 × 5 array of 35 phototransistors is effective in sensing and reproducing the input image by responding to selectively illuminated pixels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sen
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyeong Park
- Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Pavan Pujar
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Bala
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Haewon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Liu
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Srinivas Gandla
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Jae M, Hassan SZ, Chung DS. Sublimation-doping with super bases for high-performance solution-processed heterojunction oxide thin film transistors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3105-3112. [PMID: 34515283 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We elucidate how non-destructive sublimation-doping of In2O3/ZnO heterojunctions with various amidine-based organic dopants affects the degree of band bending of the heterojunction and thus the overall performance of solution-processed heterojunction oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that the stronger the basicity of the dopant, the smaller the EC - EF of ZnO that can be induced within a short doping time, resulting in a high electron mobility due to the increased electron density of the In2O3 layer at the vicinity of the heterointerface. Mott-Schottky analysis combined with secondary ion mass spectroscopy shows the preferential modification of EC - EF selectively for the ZnO layer. The use of a super base with the highest basicity exhibits a high electron mobility of 17.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the SiO2 and 37.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 on average (46.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 maximum) for the ZrO2 dielectric layers and enhanced operational bias-stress stability via sublimation-doping for 6 min, which can be attributed to the trap-filled, percolation-limited charge transport behavior. Reproducibility tests are conducted for more than 50 independently fabricated TFTs using the optimized doping technique, and electron mobility distributions with deviations <±10% are demonstrated. This study shows that sublimation doping with super bases can be a good solution for high mobility oxide TFTs with stability and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mingyu Jae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Characteristics and Electronic Band Alignment of a Transparent p-CuI/ n-SiZnSnO Heterojunction Diode with a High Rectification Ratio. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051237. [PMID: 34067221 PMCID: PMC8151173 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transparent p-CuI/n-SiZnSnO (SZTO) heterojunction diodes are successfully fabricated by thermal evaporation of a (111) oriented p-CuI polycrystalline film on top of an amorphous n-SZTO film grown by the RF magnetron sputtering method. A nitrogen annealing process reduces ionized impurity scattering dominantly incurred by Cu vacancy and structural defects at the grain boundaries in the CuI film to result in improved diode performance; the current rectification ratio estimated at ±2 V is enhanced from ≈106 to ≈107. Various diode parameters, including ideality factor, reverse saturation current, offset current, series resistance, and parallel resistance, are estimated based on the Shockley diode equation. An energy band diagram exhibiting the type-II band alignment is proposed to explain the diode characteristics. The present p-CuI/n-SZTO diode can be a promising building block for constructing useful optoelectronic components such as a light-emitting diode and a UV photodetector.
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