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Mishra S, Kapoor R, Sushma, Kanchan S, Jha G, Sharma D, Tomar B, Rath SK. Deoxynivalenol Induces Drp-1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Elevating Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38875017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is often linked to neurotoxicity and neurological diseases and stems from oxidative stress, yet effective therapies are lacking. Deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) is one of the most common and hazardous type-B trichothecene mycotoxins, which contaminates crops used for food and animal feed. Despite the abundance of preliminary reports, comprehensive investigations are scarce to explore the relationship between these fungal metabolites and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to elucidate the precise role of DON in mitochondrial dynamics and cell death in neuronal cells. Excessive mitochondrial fission is associated with the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of DON (250-1000 ng/mL). Post 24 and 48 h DON treatment, the indexes were measured as follows: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium levels, and cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that cytotoxicity, intracellular calcium levels, and ROS in the DON-treated group increased, while the ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in a dose-dependent manner. With increasing DON concentrations, the expression levels of P-Drp-1, mitochondrial fission proteins Mff, and Fis-1 were elevated with reduced activities of MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1, further resulting in an increased expression of autophagic marker LC3 and beclin-1. The reciprocal relationship between mitochondrial damage and ROS generation is evident as ROS can instigate structural and functional deficiencies within the mitochondria. Consequently, the impaired mitochondria facilitate the release of ROS, thereby intensifying the cycle of damage and exacerbating the overall process. Using specific hydroxyl, superoxide inhibitors, and calcium chelators, our study confirmed that ROS and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways played essential roles in DON-induced Drp1 phosphorylation. Therefore, ROS and mitochondrial fission inhibitors could provide critical research tools for drug development in mycotoxin-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mishra
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Kapoor
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonam Kanchan
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Jha
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divyansh Sharma
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Qiu Y, Yan J, Yue A, Lu Z, Tan J, Guo H, Ding Y, Lyu F, Fu Y. A comprehensive review of biodetoxification of trichothecenes: Mechanisms, limitations and novel strategies. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114275. [PMID: 38609252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are Fusarium mycotoxins with sesquiterpenoid structure, which are widely occurred in grains. Due to high efficiency and environmental friendliness, biological detoxification methods have been of great interest to treat this global food and feed safety concern. This review summarized the biological detoxification methods of trichothecenes from three aspects, biosorption, biotransformation and biotherapy. The detoxification efficiency, characteristics, mechanisms and limitations of different strategies were discussed in detail. Computer-aided design will bring a new research paradigm for more efficient discovery of biodetoxifier. Integrating different detoxification approaches assisted with computational tools will become a promising research direction in the future, which will help to maximize the detoxification effect, or provide precise detoxification programs for the coexistence of various toxins at different levels in actual production. In addition, technical and regulatory issues in practical application were also discussed. These findings contribute to the exploration of efficient, applicable and sustainable methods for trichothecenes detoxification, ensuring the safety of food and feed to reduce the deleterious effects of trichothecenes on humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aodong Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianzhuang Tan
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fei Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yan Fu
- Tech Bank Food Co Ltd, Yuyao City, Zhejiang 315400, China
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Fan W, Lei H, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Exploring the Mechanism of Yiwei Decoction in the Intervention of a Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Rat Based on Network Pharmacology and the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19009-19019. [PMID: 38708213 PMCID: PMC11064180 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE our aim is to explore the mechanism of action of Yiwei decoction (YWD) in addressing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) through a combination of transcriptomics and network pharmacology. By doing so, we hope to identify important pathways of action, key targets, and active components that contribute to the efficacy of YWD. MATERIALS AND METHODS group A comprised of the model + traditional Chinese medicine group, while group B was the model control group and group C was the normal control group. After gavage, serum AMH and E2 levels were measured by using ELISA. HE staining was used to study the impact of YWD on ovarian follicle recovery in POI rats. Additionally, RNA-seq sequencing technology was employed to analyze the transcription levels of mRNAs and miRNAs in the ovarian tissues of each group, and the resulting data were examined using R. YWD used UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS to analyze its active ingredients. Upon obtaining the sequencing results, the miRWalk database was utilized to forecast the targets of DEmiRNAs. Network pharmacology was then applied to predict the targets of active ingredients present in YWD, ultimately constructing a regulatory network consisting of active ingredients-mRNA-miRNA. The coexpression relationship between mRNAs and miRNAs was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and high correlation coefficients between miRNA-mRNA were confirmed through miRanda sequence combination. RESULTS the application of YWD resulted in improved serum levels of AMH and E2, as well as an increased number of ovarian follicles in rats with POI. However, there was a minimal impact on the infiltration of ovarian lymphocytes. Through GSEA pathway enrichment analysis, we found that YWD may have a regulatory effect on PI3K-Akt, ovarian steroidogenesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which could aid in the treatment of POI. Additionally, our research discovered a total of 6 DEmiRNAs between groups A and B, including 2 new DEmiRNAs. YWD contains 111 active compounds, and our analysis of the active component-mRNA regulatory network revealed 27 active components and 73 mRNAs. Furthermore, the coexpression network included 5 miRNAs and 18 mRNAs. Our verification of MiRanda binding demonstrated that 12 of the sequence binding sites were stable. CONCLUSIONS our research has uncovered the regulatory network mechanism of active ingredients, mRNA, and miRNA in YWD POI treatment. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of the active ingredients on key miRNAs and mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisen Fan
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hong Lei
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Xuan Li
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yalin Li
- The
First Clinical College of Medicine, Shandong
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250013, China
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Zhang B, Cheng Y, Jian Q, Xiang S, Xu Q, Wang C, Yang C, Lin J, Zheng C. Sishen Pill and its active phytochemicals in treating inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer: an overview. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1375585. [PMID: 38650627 PMCID: PMC11033398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1375585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the associated risk of colon cancer are increasing globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment has unique advantages. The Sishen Pill, a common Chinese patented drug used to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea, consists mainly of Psoraleae Fructus, Myristicae Semen, Euodiae Fructus, and Schisandra Chinensis. Modern research has confirmed that Sishen Pill and its active secondary metabolites, such as psoralen, myristicin, evodiamine, and schisandrin, can improve intestinal inflammation and exert antitumor pharmacological effects. Common mechanisms in treating IBD and colon cancer mainly include regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, NOD-like receptor heat protein domain-related protein 3, and wingless-type MMTV integration site family; NF-E2-related factor 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to inhibit oxidative stress; mitochondrial autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress; intestinal immune cell differentiation and function through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway; and improving the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Overall, existing evidence suggests the potential of the Sishen pill to improve IBD and suppress inflammation-to-cancer transformation. However, large-scale randomized controlled clinical studies and research on the safety of these clinical applications are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Jian
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Xiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Natural Products as Dietary Agents for the Prevention and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Intestinal Barrier. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38247489 PMCID: PMC10812469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Wang X, Shen C, Wang X, Tang J, Wu Z, Huang Y, Shao W, Geng K, Xie H, Pu Z. Schisandrin protects against ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the SGK1/NLRP3 signaling pathway and reshaping gut microbiota in mice. Chin Med 2023; 18:112. [PMID: 37674245 PMCID: PMC10481484 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SC) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that can be used to treat diarrhea. Despite the increasing research on the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant aspects of SC, the studies on the anti-ulcerative colitis of Schisandrin (SCH), the main constituent of SC, are relatively few. METHODS The mice used in the study were randomly distributed into 6 groups: control, model, 5-ASA, and SCH (20, 40, 80 mg/kg/d). The mice in the model group were administered 3% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) through drinking water for 7 days, and the various parameters of disease activity index (DAI) such as body weight loss, stool consistency, and gross blood were measured. ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factors, and bioinformatics combined with transcriptome analysis was done to screen and verify relevant targets. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota(GM), while mass spectrometry was done to analyze the changes in the content of bile acids (BAs) in the intestine. RESULTS Mice treated with SCH experienced significant weight gain, effectively alleviating the severity of colitis, and decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and other related proteins (NLRP3, Caspase-1, SGK1) in UC mice. Furthermore, the analysis of GM and BAs in mice revealed that SCH increased the relative abundance of Lactobacilli spp, reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroides, and promoted the conversion of primary BAs to secondary BAs. These effects contributed to a significant improvement in the DSS-induced GM imbalance and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. CONCLUSION It seems that there is a close relationship between the SCH mechanism and the regulation of SGK1/NLRP3 pathway and the restoration of GM balance. Therefore, it can be concluded that SCH could be a potential drug for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Chaozhuang Shen
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu First People's Hospital, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yunzhe Huang
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wenxin Shao
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Kuo Geng
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Haitang Xie
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Zhichen Pu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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7
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Jia M, Zhou L, Lou Y, Yang X, Zhao H, Ouyang X, Huang Y. An analysis of the nutritional effects of Schisandra chinensis components based on mass spectrometry technology. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1227027. [PMID: 37560060 PMCID: PMC10408133 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1227027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is a Traditional Chinese medicinal herb that can be used both for medicinal purposes and as a food ingredient due to its beneficial properties, and it is enriched with a wide of natural plant nutrients, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, lignans, triterpenes, organic acids, and sugars. At present, there is lack of comprehensive study or systemic characterization of nutritional and active ingredients of S. chinensis using innovative mass spectrometry techniques. METHODS The comprehensive review was conducted by searching the PubMed databases for relevant literature of various mass spectrometry techniques employed in the analysis of nutritional components in S. chinensis, as well as their main nutritional effects. The literature search covered the past 5 years until March 15, 2023. RESULTS The potential nutritional effects of S. chinensis are discussed, including its ability to enhance immunity, function as an antioxidant, anti-allergen, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety agent, as well as its ability to act as a sedative-hypnotic and improve memory, cognitive function, and metabolic imbalances. Meanwhile, the use of advanced mass spectrometry detection technologies have the potential to enable the discovery of new nutritional components of S. chinensis, and to verify the effects of different extraction methods on these components. The contents of anthocyanins, lignans, organic acids, and polysaccharides, the main nutritional components in S. chinensis, are also closely associated to its quality. CONCLUSION This review will provide guidelines for an in-depth study on the nutritional value of S. chinensis and for the development of healthy food products with effective components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hangyu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Qiu Q, Zhang W, Liu K, Huang F, Su J, Deng L, He J, Lin Q, Luo L. Schisandrin A ameliorates airway inflammation in model of asthma by attenuating Th2 response. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175850. [PMID: 37329976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a persistent respiratory ailment that displays periodicity and is linked to the equilibrium of T cells. Several compounds obtained from Chinese herbal medicines display beneficial impacts on T cell regulation and the attenuation of inflammatory mediator synthesis. Schisandrin A, an active lignan derived from the Schisandra fruit, exhibits anti-inflammatory characteristics. In the present study, the network analysis conducted revealed that the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is likely a prominent contributor to the anti-asthmatic effects of schisandrin A. In addition, it has been established that the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2/PTGS2) is likely a significant factor in this process. The results of in vitro experiments have substantiated that schisandrin A can effectively lower the expression of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in 16 HBE cells and RAW264.7 cells in a manner that is dependent on the dosage administered. It was able to effectively reduce the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway while simultaneously improving the injury to the epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, an investigation utilizing immune infiltration as a metric revealed an inequity in Th1/Th2 cells and a surge in Th2 cytokines in asthma patients. In the OVA-induced asthma mice model, it was observed that schisandrin A treatment effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, reduced the Th2 cell ratio, inhibited mucus secretion, and prevented airway remodeling. To summarize, the administration of schisandrin A has been found to effectively alleviate the symptoms of asthma by impeding the production of inflammation, which includes reducing the Th2 cell ratio and improving the integrity of the epithelial barrier function. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of schisandrin A for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qiu
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdon, 51000, China
| | - Kangdi Liu
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Jiating Su
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Liyan Deng
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Jiake He
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Qianwen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
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Pöschl F, Höher T, Pirklbauer S, Wolinski H, Lienhart L, Ressler M, Riederer M. Dose and route dependent effects of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in a 3D gut-on-a-chip model with flow. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105563. [PMID: 36709839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin in human food and is ubiquitously detected in human bodyfluids. DON leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction, as observed from animal- and cell culture models with the known disadvantages. Here we present the effects of DON in a gut-on-a-chip model, as the first study incorporating the effects of intestinal flow. Using the OrganoPlate 3-lane, Caco-2 cells were seeded against an extracellular matrix (ECM) and formed leak tight tubules. DON was then applied in different concentrations (3 μM to 300 μM) via the apical or the basolateral channel. Permeability was assessed using continuous TEER and barrier integrity assays (BIA). Zonulin-1, toxicity (LDH) and proinflammatory status (IL-8) was analyzed. DON exposure led to a dose dependent decrease in para-and transcellular barrier integrity, which was more sensitive to basal than apical application (route). Timelaps/Continuous TEER measurements however revealed bidirectional effects, with even TEER-inducing effects of lower concentrations (until 10 μM). IL-8 secretion into luminal supernatants was only induced by apical DON. Attributed to the flow, the barrier-disintegrating effects of DON start at higher concentrations than in other culture models. The barrier was more sensitive to basolateral DON, even though DON had to pass the ECM; and IL-8 secretion was independent of TEER-alterations. Thus, the gut-on-a chip model might be a good alternative to further characterize the bidirectional effects of DON with reasonable throughput incorporating flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Pöschl
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Theresa Höher
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sarah Pirklbauer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Lienhart
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Miriam Ressler
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
| | - Monika Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria.
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Ferroptosis is involved in deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal damage in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 36922863 PMCID: PMC10018831 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread issue for feed and food safety, leading to animal and human health risks. The objective of this study was to determine whether ferroptosis is involved in DON-induced intestinal injury in piglets. Three groups of 21-day-old male weanling piglets (n = 7/group) were fed a control diet, or diet adding 1.0 or 3.0 mg DON/kg. At week 4, serum and small intestines were collected to assay for biochemistry, histology, redox status and ferroptosis-related genes expression. In addition, the involvement of ferroptosis and the role of FTL gene in DON-induced cell death were further verified in the IPEC-J2 cells. RESULTS Compared to the control, dietary supplementation of DON at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg induced different degrees of damage in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and increased (P < 0.05) serum lipopolysaccharide concentration by 46.2%-51.4%. Dietary DON supplementation at 1.0 and (or) 3.0 mg/kg increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of malondialdehyde (17.4%-86.5%) and protein carbonyl by 33.1%-92.3% in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In addition, dietary supplemented with DON upregulated (P < 0.05) ferroptotic gene (DMT1) and anti-ferroptotic genes (FTL and FTH1), while downregulated (P < 0.05) anti-ferroptotic genes (FPN, FSP1 and CISD1) in the duodenum of the porcine. Furthermore, the in vitro study has demonstrated that deferiprone, a potent ferroptotic inhibitor, mitigated (P < 0.05) DON-induced cytotoxicity in porcine small intestinal IPEC-J2 cells. Additionally, deferiprone prevented or alleviated (P < 0.05) the dysregulation of ferroptosis-related genes (ACSL4 and FTL) by DON in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, specific siRNA knockdown FTL gene expression compromised the DON-induced cell death in IPEC-J2 cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in DON-induced intestinal damage in porcine, and sheds a new light on the toxicity of DON to piglets.
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Hu JN, Wang YM, Zhang H, Li HP, Wang Z, Han M, Ren S, Tang S, Jiang S, Li W. Schisandra B, a representative lignan from Schisandra chinensis, improves cisplatin-induced toxicity: An in vitro study. Phytother Res 2023; 37:658-671. [PMID: 36223243 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (Scheme B) is the most abundant and active lignan monomer isolated from Schisandra chinensis. At present, most reports focus on its cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects, however, the related reports on gastrointestinal protective effects are still limited. The study aims to evaluate the protective effect of Scheme B on cisplatin-induced rat intestinal crypt epithelial (IEC-6) cell injury and the possible molecular mechanisms. The results showed that Scheme B at 2.5, 5 and 10 μM could inhibit dose-dependently the reduction of cell activity induced by cisplatin exposure at 1 μM, decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to alleviate oxidative stress injury in IEC-6 cell lines. Meanwhile, Scheme B could relieve cisplatin-induced apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT and the downstream caspase signaling pathway. The results from flow cytometry analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) staining also demonstrated the anti-apoptosis effect of Scheme B. Furthermore, Scheme B was found to reduce the inflammation associated with cell damage by evaluating the protein expressions of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Importantly, Wnt/β-catenin, as a functional signaling pathway that drives intestinal self-recovery, was also in part regulated by Scheme B. In conclusion, Scheme B might alleviate cisplatin-induced IEC-6 cell damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and repairing intestinal barrier function. The present research provides a strong evidence that Scheme B may be a useful modulator in cisplatin-induced intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Tang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun, China
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12
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Mao X, Zhang P, Du H, Ge L, Liu S, Huang K, Chen X. The combined effect of deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 on small intestinal inflammation mediated by pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2023; 372:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Li N, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Chen R, Hua Z, Zhao S, Shen H, Chang G, Wan W. Clinical study of Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing formula in the treatment of sperm DNA damage in male infertility: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31226. [PMID: 36316921 PMCID: PMC9622591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of male infertility is increasing in recent years, and the semen routine examination of some patients is normal, but the semen pathological examination shows that the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) is high, and the patients' clinical manifestations are infertility or recurrent abortion of their spouses. At present, there is no special treatment for male infertility caused by high DFI, and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription shows potential value in the treatment of male infertility. Wuwei Fuzheng Yijing formula (WFY) is an effective prescription for the treatment of sperm DNA damage in male infertility, but there is no strict clinical trial to support its application. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of WFY in patients with sperm DNA damage in male infertility. METHODS In this randomized controlled study, 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into WFY group and levocarnitine oral solution group. The treatment period was 12 weeks. The main observation index was sperm DFI, and the secondary observation index was sperm concentration, motility, survival rate, and TCM syndrome score. Safety observation indicators will include electrocardiogram, blood tests (including blood routine tests, liver and renal function), routine urine tests, and routine stool tests. All results were evaluated at the 4th and 8th week of the baseline, and the end of treatment. DISCUSSION This study will provide a basis for the efficacy and safety of WFY in the treatment of sperm DNA damage in male infertility with spleen and kidney qi deficiency and blood stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghua Li
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chenming Zhang
- College of the Second Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zulong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Zulong Wang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, P.R. China (e-mail: )
| | - Qi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Rubing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Hua
- College of the Second Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shizhong Zhao
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Huiyuan Shen
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Guifeng Chang
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenxi Wan
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
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14
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Osmakov DI, Kalinovskii AP, Belozerova OA, Andreev YA, Kozlov SA. Lignans as Pharmacological Agents in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Chemical Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116031. [PMID: 35682715 PMCID: PMC9181380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive knowledge about lignan use as a bioactive agent in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, and chemical synthesis approaches. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current data in this area, available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, screened from 2000 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Olga A. Belozerova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.O.); (A.P.K.); (O.A.B.); (Y.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Cai G, Zhong F, Cao Q, Bai Y, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Zhu G, Liu Z, Bian J. ZEA and DON inhibited inflammation after L. monocytogenes infection and induced ribosomal hyperfunction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113470. [PMID: 35395601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The complex microbial community in food environment is a major problem of human or animal health and safety. Mycotoxins and food-borne bacteria can both induce inflammation in the body and cause a series of changes in biological functions. In this study, mice were gavaged with low doses of ZEA, DON, or ZEA + DON, and then infected with L. monocytogenes. A cytokine microarray, including 40 inflammation-related serum cytokines, and proteomics were used to verify the effects of ZEA, DON, and ZEA + DON on the host inflammation and biological function after L. monocytogenes infection. The results showed that mononucleosis after bacterial infection was inhibited by ZEA, DON, and ZEA + DON, while the balance of macrophage differentiation was shifted toward M2-type. ZEA, DON, and ZEA + DON decreased the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-12 after infection. In addition, the signal of the NF-κB pathway was inhibited. Proteomic results showed that ZEA, DON, and ZEA + DON led to biological dysfunction in ribosomal and metabolic cells, primarily leading to abnormal ribosomal hyperfunction. This study showed that ZEA, DON, and ZEA + DON can aggravate disease progression by inhibiting the inflammatory response following foodborne bacterial infection. These metabolites may also disrupt normal biological functions, which may lead to ribosomal hyperfunction, making bacterial clearance more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuni Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Zhang Z, Deng Y, Feng L, Su Y, Xu D. Study on alleviate effect of Wuzhi capsule (Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & E.H. Wilson extract) against mycophenolate mofetil-induced intestinal injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114987. [PMID: 35032581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & E.H. Wilson (S. sphenanthera) is a botanical medicine included in the 2020 edition of the ChP that has a variety of medicinal activities, including hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Wuzhi capsule (WZ) is a proprietary Chinese medicine made from an ethanolic extract of S. sphenanthera that is commonly used to treat drug-induced liver injury. However, there are no research reports exploring the effects of WZ on the prevention of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-induced intestinal injury and its underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY This experiment aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of WZ on MMF-induced intestinal injury in mice and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of MMF-induced intestinal injury was established and treated with WZ during the 21-day experimental period. The pathological characteristics of the mouse ileum were observed. Tight junction (TJ) protein changes were observed after immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy, and ROS levels were measured by using DHE fluorescent dye and the TUNEL assay for apoptosis. The expression of p65, p-p65, IκBα, p-IκBα, the TJ proteins occludin and ZO-1 and the apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3 were analysed by Western blot. Levels of DAO, ET, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, MDA and SOD were analysed by using kits. RESULTS MMF activated the NF-κB signaling pathway to cause intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, changed the expression of TJ protein in the intestinal epithelium, and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis levels. WZ significantly downregulated the expression of p-p65 and p-IκBα to relieve the inflammatory response, reduced intestinal permeability, maintained intestinal TJ protein expression, and reduced intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our research suggested that MMF can cause intestinal injury; by contrast, WZ may exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-reducing effects to alleviate MMF-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Dujuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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17
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Fu K, Zhou H, Wang C, Gong L, Ma C, Zhang Y, Li Y. A review: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of Schisandrin A. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2375-2393. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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18
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Deng Y, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Feng L, Su Y, Xu D. Schisandrin A alleviates mycophenolic acid-induced intestinal toxicity by regulating cell apoptosis and oxidative damage. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:580-587. [PMID: 35321622 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2057263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal side effects of mycophenolic acid affect its efficacy in kidney transplant patients, which may be due to its toxicity to the intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier, including intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and destruction of tight junctions. The toxicity mechanism of mycophenolic acid is related to oxidative stress-mediated the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Schisandrin A (Sch A), one of the main active components of the Schisandra chinensis, can protects intestinal epithelial cells from deoxynivalenol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage by antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of Sch A on mycophenolic acid-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cell. The results showed that Sch A significantly reversed the mycophenolic acid-induced cell viability reduction, restored the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1, occludin and reduced cell apoptosis. In addition, Sch A inhibited mycophenolic acid-mediated MAPK activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase. Collectively, our study showed that Sch A protected intestinal epithelial cells from mycophenolic acid intestinal toxicity, at least in part, by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dujuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Evaluation of Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of 2-Acetylpyridine-N(4)-orthochlorophenyl Thiosemicarbazone. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4101095. [PMID: 35345833 PMCID: PMC8957429 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones are well known for their broad spectrum of action, including antitumoral and antiparasitic activities. Thiosemicarbazones work as chelating binders, reacting with metal ions. The objective of this work was to investigate the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo toxicity and oxidative stress of 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-orthochlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (TSC01). The in silico prediction showed good absorption by biological membranes and no theoretical toxicity. Also, the compound did not show cytotoxicity against Hep-G2 and HT-29 cells. In the acute nonclinical toxicological test, the animals treated with TSC01 showed behavioral changes of stimulus of the central nervous system (CNS) at 300 mg/kg. One hour after administration, a dose of 2000 mg/kg caused depressive signs. All changes disappeared after 24 h, with no deaths, which suggest an estimated LD50 of 5000 mg/kg and GSH 5. The group treated with 2000 mg/kg had an increase of water consumption and weight gain in the second week. The biochemical parameters presented no toxicity relevance, and the analysis of oxidative stress in the liver found an increase of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide. However, histopathological analysis showed organ integrity was maintained without any changes. In conclusion, the results show the low toxicological potential of thiosemicarbazone derivative, indicating future safe use.
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20
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Wang X, Xu S, Wu Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhu G, Yang M. A novel ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying technique for improving drying efficiency and physicochemical properties of Schisandra chinensis extract powder. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:49-59. [PMID: 35035908 PMCID: PMC8751443 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) extract powder is an important intermediate for the preparation of many prepared medicines and health products. The physicochemical properties of S. chinensis extract powder have been found to vary tremendously and this has been attributed to the long drying time in the traditional drying method. In this study, S. chinensis specimens were authenticated as the dry fruit of S. chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. S. chinensis were extracted twice with 8 L kg-1 (liquid to solid ratio) distilled water. The extracts were mixed and concentrated under reduced pressure to 1.24 g cm-3. Ultrasound-assisted vacuum drying (UAVD) was employed as a new approach to improve the efficiency in drying S. chinensis extract powder and produce a higher quality product. The effects of drying temperature (70, 80, 90°C), ultrasonic power (40, 120, 200 W), and ultrasonic application time (4, 12, 20 min every 20 min) on the kinetics and quality of S. chinensis extract were investigated and compared with the conventional vacuum drying (CVD). It was shown that, with the increase in drying temperature, ultrasonic power, and time of UAVD, the drying time for S. chinensis extract to reach the equilibrium moisture decreased. The drying time was reduced by more than 25% when utilizing UAVD compared to the CVD method. The effective moisture diffusivity (D eff) values for CVD and UAVD were 3.48 × 10-9 m2·s-1 and 7.41 × 10-9 m2 s-1, respectively, at the drying temperature of 80°C, indicating an increase of 112.93%. It was also found that a Weibull distribution model was suitable for predicting the moisture content of S. chinensis extract (R 2 > 0.95). Furthermore, the content of Schisandrol A in the extracts obtained from UAVD was 12.79% higher than that obtained using CVD at 90°C. This demonstrates that UAVD is an efficient drying technique for S. chinensis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical EquipmentNanchangChina
| | - Shijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Yuanhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical EquipmentNanchangChina
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical EquipmentNanchangChina
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical EquipmentNanchangChina
| | - Genhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical EquipmentNanchangChina
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese MedicineMinistry of EducationJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical EquipmentNanchangChina
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21
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The Antioxidant Phytochemical Schisandrin A Promotes Neural Cell Proliferation and Differentiation after Ischemic Brain Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247466. [PMID: 34946548 PMCID: PMC8706049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandrin A (SCH) is a natural bioactive phytonutrient that belongs to the lignan derivatives found in Schisandra chinensis fruit. This study aims to investigate the impact of SCH on promoting neural progenitor cell (NPC) regeneration for avoiding stroke ischemic injury. The promoting effect of SCH on NPCs was evaluated by photothrombotic model, immunofluorescence, cell line culture of NPCs, and Western blot assay. The results showed that neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) was positive with Map2 positive nerve fibers in the ischemic area after using SCH. In addition, Nestin and SOX2 positive NPCs were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the penumbra and core. Further analysis identified that SCH can regulate the expression level of cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42). In conclusion, our findings suggest that SCH enhanced NPCs proliferation and differentiation possible by Cdc42 to regulated cytoskeletal rearrangement and polarization of cells, which provides new hope for the late recovery of stroke.
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22
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Horky P, Gruberova HA, Aulichova T, Malyugina S, Slama P, Pavlik A, Skladanka J, Skoric M, Skalickova S. Protective effect of a new generation of activated and purified bentonite in combination with yeast and phytogenic substances on mycotoxin challenge in pigs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259132. [PMID: 34705867 PMCID: PMC8550360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new mycotoxin adsorbents based on purified and activated bentonites combined with yeast and phytogenic compounds in fattening pigs. The experiment involved 96 pigs (31.2±2.4 kg). Control (C) group was fed a diet naturally contaminated with mycotoxins (5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol, DON) without an adsorbent. Treated groups received the feed with mycotoxin adsorbents: purified and activated bentonite (T1), purified and activated bentonite, yeast derivatives, phytogenic substances (T2), and purified, activated, and sulphurated bentonite with phytogenic substances (T3). Evaluated parameters involved growth performance, organ weight, small intestine and liver histopathology, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status of the organism and total and free DON content in urine. In all treated groups, an significant increase in intestinal GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio was observed when compared to C. No significant effects on liver and kidney weight, complete blood count, serum or intestinal malondialdehyde concentration, or total/free DON content in urine were observed. All adsorbents improved histopathological findings in the liver when compared to C. Moreover, T1, and T2 groups showed no presence of inflammatory reaction or necrotic changes in the livers. Although, mycotoxin adsorbents investigated in this study had no significant impact on pig growth performance, they reduced the oxidative stress, and on the tissue level they protected the jejunal tissue and liver parenchyma under deoxynivalenol challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horky
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Hana Abigail Gruberova
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Tereza Aulichova
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Svetlana Malyugina
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Petr Slama
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Ales Pavlik
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Jiri Skladanka
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Misa Skoric
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
- * E-mail:
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23
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Nagarajan M, Maadurshni GB, Tharani GK, Udhayakumar I, Kumar G, Mani KP, Sivasubramanian J, Manivannan J. Exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induces cardiovascular toxicity and exacerbates pathogenesis - Role of oxidative stress and MAPK signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109719. [PMID: 34699767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The precise toxico-pathogenic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the cardiovascular system under normal and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor milieu are unclear. In this study, we have investigated the dose-dependent effects of ZnO-NPs on developing chicken embryo and cell culture (H9c2 cardiomyoblast, HUVEC and aortic VSMC) models. In addition, the potentiation effect of ZnO-NPs on simulated risk factor conditions was evaluated using; 1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cardiac remodeling, 2. Angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy, 3. TNF-α induced HUVEC cell death and 4. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) induced aortic VSMC calcification models. The observed results illustrates that ZnO-NPs exposure down regulates vascular development and elevates oxidative stress in heart tissue. At the cellular level, ZnO-NPs exposure reduced the cell viability and increased the intracellular ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in all three cell types. In addition, ZnO-NPs exposure significantly suppressed the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generation, cardiac Ca2+ - ATPase activity and enhanced the cardiac mitochondrial swelling. Moreover, inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways influence the cytotoxicity. Overall, ZnO-NPs exposure affects the cardiovascular system under normal conditions and it exacerbates the cardiovascular pathogenesis under selected risk factor milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ganeshmurthy Kanniamal Tharani
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inbamani Udhayakumar
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Kumar
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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24
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Guo P, Lu Q, Hu S, Martínez MA, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Ares I. The NO-dependent caspase signaling pathway is a target of deoxynivalenol in growth inhibition in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112629. [PMID: 34673182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DON is commonly found in foods and feeds; it presents health risks, especially an increase of growth inhibition in humans, particularly infants and young children. However, there are relatively few research studies devoted to the mechanism of DON-mediated growth retardation. Interestingly, our results showed that DON does not cause any significant production of ROS but results in a persistent and significant release of NO with iNOS increasing activity, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes and decreasing ΔΨm. Moreover, the significant decreases in GH production and secretion induced by DON were dose-dependent, accompanied by an increase of caspase 3, 8 and 9, IL-11, IL-lβ and GHRH. NO scavenging agent (haemoglobin) and free radical scavenging agent (N-acetylcysteine) partially reversed mitochondrial damage, and Z-VAD-FMK increased the levels of GH and decreased the levels of caspase 3, 8 and 9, while haemoglobin decreased the levels of caspase 3, 8 and 9, indicating that NO is the primary target of DON-mediated inhibition. Present research study firstly demonstrated that NO is a key mediator of DON-induced growth inhibition and plays critical roles in the interference of GH transcription and synthesis. The current research is conducive to future research on the molecular mechanisms of DON-induced growth inhibition in humans, especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Siyi Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang H, Sun J, Yan Y. The toxicity mechanisms of DON to humans and animals and potential biological treatment strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:790-812. [PMID: 34520302 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1954598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol, also known as vomitotoxin, is produced by Fusarium, belonging to the group B of the trichothecene family. DON is widely polluted, mainly polluting cereal crops such as wheat, barley, oats, corn and related cereal products, which are closely related to lives of people and animals. At present, there have been articles summarizing DON induced toxicity, biological detoxification and the protective effect of natural products, but there is no systematic summary of this information. In addition to ribosome and endoplasmic reticulum, recent investigations support that mitochondrion is also organelles that DON can damage. DON can't directly act on mitochondria, but can indirectly cause mitochondrial damage and changes through other means. DON can indirectly inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, ATP production, and mitochondrial transcription and translation. This review will provide the latest progress on mitochondria as the research object, and systematically summarizes all the toxic mechanisms of DON. Here, we discuss DON induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and various mitochondrial toxicity. For the toxicity of DON, many methods have been derived to prevent or reduce the toxicity. Biological detoxification and the antioxidant effect of natural products are potentially effective treatments for DON toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Pomothy JM, Szabó O, Czimmermann ÁE, Babiczky Á, Jerzsele Á, Pászti-Gere E. Investigation of the inflammatory and oxidative stress-inducing effects of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin exposure in non-tumorigenic human intestinal cell model. Toxicon 2021; 200:78-86. [PMID: 34252445 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungi in the Fusarium genus produce trichothecene mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin which may elicit their damaging effects on the gastrointestinal tract following the consumption of contaminated cereal-based foods. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of these commonly occurring fusarotoxins alone and in combination using the human, non-cancerous intestinal epithelial cell line HIEC-6. Based on our experimental data, 24 h after treatment with fusarotoxins, hydrogen peroxide levels, intracellular oxidative stress and the amounts of inflammatory interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 significantly increased. Cell membrane localization of the tight junction protein claudin-1 decreased, whereas distribution of occludin remained unchanged. Taken together, the HIEC-6 cell line appears to be a suitable experimental model for monitoring the combined effects of mycotoxins at the cellular level including changes in the redox states of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit M Pomothy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes E Czimmermann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Babiczky
- Neuronal Networks and Behaviour Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Natural Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Pászti-Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Hungary
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27
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You L, Wang X, Wu W, Jaćević V, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Hypothesis: Long non-coding RNA is a potential target of mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112397. [PMID: 34246706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular target of mycotoxins is not fully understood. Extensive data derived from cell and animal experimental studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in mycotoxin-induced toxicities. Mycotoxins stimulate the upregulation/downregulation of lncRNA expression, which further promote apoptosis, is related to the mTOR/FoxO signaling pathway, and contributes to tumor cell growth, death, and liver and chondrocyte damage. Moreover, lncRNA can establish interactions with NF-κB and cause immune evasion. These preliminary data suggest that lncRNAs are involved in potential upstream regulatory events and further regulate downstream apoptosis, oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic events that affect cell death and survival. Therefore, we hypothesize that lncRNAs are potential targets of mycotoxins. Investigation of the expression of the potential target lncRNAs by mycotoxin-mediated stimulation, and exploration of the upstream and downstream relationship between lncRNA and the key proteins involved in mycotoxin toxicity, should be performed. This Hypothesis provides clues for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic; Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Pharmacological Science, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic.
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28
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Schisandrol A Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Apoptosis through Upregulation of 14-3-3 θ. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5541753. [PMID: 34257806 PMCID: PMC8257380 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5541753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrol A (SA), one of the most abundant bioactive lignans extracted from the Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., has multiple pharmacological properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of SA in protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury remain obscure. The present experiment was performed to explore the cardioprotective effects of SA in MI/R injury and hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) induced cardiomyocyte injury and clarify the potential underlying mechanisms. SA treatment significantly improved MI/R injury as reflected by reduced myocardium infarct size, attenuated histological features, and ameliorated biochemical indicators. In the meantime, SA could profoundly ameliorate oxidative stress damage as evidenced by the higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, SA alleviated myocardial apoptosis as evidenced by a striking reduction of cleaved caspase-3 expression and increase of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Further experiments demonstrated that SA had certain binding capability to the key functional protein 14-3-3θ. Mechanistically, SA prevented myocardial apoptosis through upregulating 14-3-3θ expression. Interestingly, siRNA against 14-3-3θ could promote apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and H/R injury after knockdown of 14-3-3θ could further aggravate apoptosis, while overexpression of 14-3-3θ could significantly reduce apoptosis induced by H/R injury. Further, 14-3-3θ siRNA markedly weakened the antiapoptotic role of SA. Our results demonstrated that SA could exert apparent cardioprotection against MI/R injury and H/R injury, and potential mechanisms might be associated with inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis at least partially through upregulation of 14-3-3θ.
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29
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Ran D, Hong W, Yan W, Mengdie W. Properties and molecular mechanisms underlying geniposide-mediated therapeutic effects in chronic inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113958. [PMID: 33639206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geniposide (GE) is ubiquitous in nearly 40 species of plants, among which Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis has the highest content, and has been used ethnopharmacologically to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis has a long history of usage in detumescence and sedation, liver protection and cholestasis, hypotension and hemostasis. It is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, jaundice hepatitis, sprain and contusion. As a type of iridoid glycosides extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, GE has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesic, anti-oxidative, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: In this article, we reviewed the sources, traditional usage, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and therapeutic effect of GE on chronic inflammatory diseases, and discussed its potential regulatory mechanisms and clinical application. RESULTS GE is a common iridoid glycoside in medicinal plants, which has strong activity in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. A large number of in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that GE has certain therapeutic value for a variety of chronic inflammation disease. Its mechanism of function is mainly based on its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective properties, as well as regulation of apoptotsis. GE plays a role in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, realizing the dynamic balance of pro/anti-inflammatory factors, improving the state of oxidative stress, and restoring abnormally expressed inflammation-related pathways. CONCLUSION According to its extensive pharmacological effects, GE is a promising drug for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Wang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wang Mengdie
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
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30
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Wang S, Wu K, Xue D, Zhang C, Rajput SA, Qi D. Mechanism of deoxynivalenol mediated gastrointestinal toxicity: Insights from mitochondrial dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112214. [PMID: 33930483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin predominantly produced by Fusarium genus, and widely contaminates cereals and associated products all over the world. The intestinal toxicity of DON is well established. However, intestinal homeostasis involves mitochondria, which has rarely been considered in the context of DON exposure. We summarize the recent knowledge on mitochondria as a key player in maintaining intestinal homeostasis based on their functions in cellular energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, apoptosis, intestinal immune responses, and orchestrated bidirectional cross-talk with gut microbe. In addition, we discuss the pivotal roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestinal toxicity of DON and highlight promising mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics for DON-induced intestinal injury. Recent studies support that the intestinal toxicity of DON is attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by failure in respiratory capacities and ROS overproduction has been demonstrated in intestinal cells exposed to DON. Perturbation of mitochondrial respiration leading to ROS accumulation is implicated in the early initiation of apoptosis. DON-induced intestinal inflammatory response is tightly linked to the mitochondrial ROS, whereas immunosuppression is intimately associated with mitophagy inhibition. DON perturbs the orchestrated bidirectional cross-talk between gut microbe and host mitochondria, which may be involved in DON-induced intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Kuntan Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Dongfang Xue
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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31
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You L, Zhao Y, Kuca K, Wang X, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Jaćević V, Wu Q, Wu W. Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and immune evasion: a trinity of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON). Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1899-1915. [PMID: 33765170 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are type A and B trichothecenes, respectively. They widely occur as pollutants in food and crops and cause a series of toxicities, including immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress is the primary mechanistic basis of these toxic effects. Increasing amounts of evidence have shown that mitochondria are significant targets of apoptosis caused by T-2 toxin- and DON-induced oxidative stress via regulation of Bax/B-cell lymphoma-2 and caspase-3/caspase-9 signaling. DNA methylation and autophagy are involved in oxidative stress related to apoptosis, and hypoxia and immune evasion are related to oxidative stress in this context. Hypoxia induces oxidative stress by stimulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and regulates the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 is upregulated by these cytokines and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1, which allows it to bind to programmed cell death-1 to enable escape of immune cell surveillance and achievement of immune evasion. This review concentrates on novel findings regarding the oxidative stress mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and DON. Importantly, we discuss the new evidence regarding the connection of hypoxia and immune evasion with oxidative stress in this context. Finally, the trinity of hypoxia, oxidative stress and immune evasion is highlighted. This work will be conducive to an improved understanding of the oxidative stress caused by trichothecene mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Pomothy JM, Gatt K, Jerzsele Á, Gere EP. The impact of quercetin on a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line exposed to deoxynivalenol. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 68:380-386. [PMID: 33625383 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) is present in many vegetables and fruits as a secondary antioxidant metabolite. Deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by various Fusarium mould species can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and farm animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Que on DON-induced oxidative stress in a non-tumourigenic porcine IPEC-J2 cell line. Two experimental designs were used in our experiments as follows: (a) pretreatment with 20 µmol/L Que for 24 h followed by 1-h 1 µmol/L DON treatment and (b) simultaneous application of 20 µmol/L Que and 1 µmol/L DON for 1 h. Cell cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of cell monolayers and extracellular/intracellular redox status were studied. It was found that DON significantly decreased TER and triggered oxidative stress, while Que pretreatments were beneficial in maintaining the integrity of the monolayers and alleviated oxidative stress. However, co-treatment with Que was unable to preserve the integrity and redox balance of the cells exposed to DON. These results indicate that only the 24-h preincubation of cells with 20 µmol/L Que was beneficial in compensating for the disruption caused by DON in extracellular oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Mercédesz Pomothy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katrina Gatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Pászti Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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Pro-Inflammatory Effect of Gliadins and Glutenins Extracted from Different Wheat Cultivars on an In Vitro 3D Intestinal Epithelium Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010172. [PMID: 33375311 PMCID: PMC7795490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to assess the relationship between improved rheological properties and the immunogenic potential of wheat proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of total protein extracts from three modern and two landrace Triticum aestivum commercial flour mixes, with significant differences in gluten strength (GS), on cell lines. Cytotoxicity and innate immune responses induced by wheat proteins were investigated using Caco-2 monocultures, two dimensional (2D) Caco-2/U937 co-cultures, and three dimensional (3D) co-cultures simulating the intestinal mucosa with Caco-2 epithelial cells situated above an extra-cellular matrix containing U937 monocytes and L929 fibroblasts. Modern wheat proteins, with increased GS, significantly reduced Caco-2 cell proliferation and vitality in monoculture and 2D co-cultures than landrace proteins. Modern wheat proteins also augmented Caco-2 monolayer disruption and tight junction protein, occludin, redistribution in 3D co-cultures. Release of interleukin-8 into the cell medium and increased U937 monocyte migration in both 2D and 3D co-cultures were similarly apparent. Immuno-activation of migrating U937 cells was evidenced from cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) staining and CD11b-related differentiation into macrophages. The modern wheat proteins, with gluten polymorphism relatedness and increased GS, were shown to be more cytotoxic and immunogenic than the landrace wheat proteins.
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Zhou Y, Men L, Sun Y, Wei M, Fan X. Pharmacodynamic effects and molecular mechanisms of lignans from Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.), a current review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173796. [PMID: 33345853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) (S. chinensis) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in China, Korea, and many other east Asian countries. At present, S. chinensis commonly forms Chinese medicinal formulae with other herbal medicines to treat liver disease and neurological disease in clinical. Modern researches indicated that lignans were the main active ingredients of S. chinensis with high content and novel dibenzocyclooctadiene skeletal structure, exhibited considerable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, some of these lignans also showed certain potentials in anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, and other effects. In the current review, we summarize literature reported lignans from S. chinensis in the past five years, and highlight the molecular mechanisms of lignans in exerting their biological functions. Also, we point out some deficiencies of existing researches and discuss the future direction of lignans study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Lihui Men
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Spevakova I, Fernandez-Cruz ML, Tokarova K, Greifova H, Capcarova M. The protective effect of stilbenes resveratrol and pterostilbene individually and combined with mycotoxin citrinin in human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 56:75-88. [PMID: 33112704 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1839279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused to determine an individual and combined effect of mycotoxin citrinin (CIT) and two compounds of the stilbene family- resveratrol (RES) and his dimethyl ether analogue pterostilbene (PTE) which have many health benefits. As a model the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 was used which may exhibits the properties of small intestine cells. Viability, plasma membrane integrity, lysosomal functionality, intracellular production of superoxide anions and superoxide dismutase activity were examined. The results indicate that concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL of the tested compounds were cytotoxic in mostly monitored parameters and probably caused apoptosis. HT-29 cells were more sensitive to PTE than to RES with a higher antioxidant effect of PTE than RES, which may be caused by its chemical structure. Both stilbenes at medium doses act as effective superoxide anions scavengers leading to reduction of oxidative stress and consequent cell damage. The nontoxic concentration of RES (25 µg/mL) protects the HT-29 cell line faced to the toxicity of CIT at 25 µg/mL by increasing viability of cells and by reducing the superoxide production induced by CIT concentrations of 12.5 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Spevakova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria-Luisa Fernandez-Cruz
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarina Tokarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Hana Greifova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marcela Capcarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Glycyrrhinic Acid for Deoxynivalenol-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5974157. [PMID: 33163144 PMCID: PMC7604610 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5974157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin that frequently contaminates human food and animal feed, resulting in intestinal diseases and systemic immunosuppression. Glycyrrhinic acid (GA) exhibits various pharmacological activities. To investigate the protective mechanism of GA for DON-induced inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, RNA-seq analysis was used in the current study. The IPEC-J2 cells were treated with the control group (CON), 0.5 μg/mL DON, 400 μg/mL GA, and 400 μg/mL GA+0.5 μg/mL DON (GAD) for 6 h. Results showed that 0.5 μg/mL DON exposure for 6 h could induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. GA addition could specifically promote the proliferation of DON-induced IPEC-J2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, GA addition significantly increased Bcl-2 gene expression (P < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.01) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, the contents of malonaldehyde, IL-8, and NF-κB (P < 0.05), the relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase 3 (P < 0.01), and the protein expressions of Bax and TNF-α. Moreover, a total of 1576, 289, 1398, and 154 differentially expressed genes were identified in CON vs. DON, CON vs. GA, CON vs. GAD, and DON vs. GAD, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MAPK, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways and some chemokines played significant roles in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis induced by DON. GA may alleviate DON cytotoxicity via the TNF signaling pathway by downregulating IL-15, CCL5, and other gene expressions. These results indicated that GA could alleviate DON-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the TNF signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Giampieri F, Battino M. Bioactive Phytochemicals and Functional Food Ingredients in Fruits and Vegetables. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093278. [PMID: 32384609 PMCID: PMC7247320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo—Vigo Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo—Vigo Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche—Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60130 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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38
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Xu X, Yan G, Chang J, Wang P, Yin Q, Liu C, Liu S, Zhu Q, Lu F. Astilbin ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1362-1372. [PMID: 32324309 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin, which often induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in humans and animals. Astilbin (AST), as a natural antioxidant, exhibits multiple pharmacological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AST on alleviating DON-induced cytotoxicity in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The results demonstrated that 0.5 μg/mL DON stimulation for 6 hours induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. AST enhanced the cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The addition of 20 μg/mL AST significantly increased cell viability, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, Bcl-2 gene expression and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (P < .05), and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, malondialdehyde content and the relative expressions of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis such as interleukin-6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-kappaB, Bax and caspase-3 (P < .05). Simultaneously, zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and PepT1 gene expressions were upregulated and occludin, ASCT2 and GLUT2 gene expressions were downregulated by the addition of AST, compared with the DON group (P < .05). These results indicated that 20 μg/mL AST could ameliorate oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and intestinal barrier function, and reducing the expressions of inflammation and apoptosis genes, as well as improve the barrier function and nutrient transport and absorption in DON-induced IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Yexian Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center, Yexian, China
| | - Qun Zhu
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co. Ltd., Xinxiang, China
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Puai Feed Co. Ltd., Zhoukou, China
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