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Anbazhagan M, Sharma G, Murthy S, Maddipatla SC, Kolachala VL, Dodd A, Randunne A, Cutler DJ, Kugathasan S, Matthews JD. PTGER4 signaling regulates class IIa HDAC function and SPINK4 mRNA levels in rectal epithelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:493. [PMID: 39396982 PMCID: PMC11472582 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostaglandin receptor PTGER4 facilitates homeostasis in the gut. Previous reports indicate that goblet cells, marked by SPINK4 expression, might be affected by PTGER4 activity. Current evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) stimulates PTGER4 in epithelial cells during inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigate the subcellular mechanisms and mRNA levels downstream of PTGER4 activity in epithelial cells. METHODS Mucosal cells, organoids, and MSC were obtained from patient biopsies harvested by endoscopy. Using independent and co-cultures, we manipulated the activity of PTGER4, the downstream enzymes, and mRNA levels, by using PGE2, in combination with chemical inhibitors, L-161982, H89, LB100, DAPT, LMK-235, or with butyrate. Immunofluorescence, single cell sequencing, RNAscope, ELISA, real time PCR, and Western blotting were used to examine these samples. RESULTS SPINK4 mRNA levels were increased in organoids by co-culture with MSC or exogenous stimulation with PGE2 that could be blocked by L-161982 or LMK-235, PTGER4 or HDAC4 inhibitors, respectively. Expression of PTGER4 was co-localized with JAM-A in the basolateral surfaces in rectal epithelial cells grown as organoids. PGE2 treatment of rectal organoids decreased HDAC4, 5, and 7 phosphorylation levels that could be blocked by L-161982 treatment. Butyrate treatment, or addition of L-161982, increased the phosphorylated levels of HDAC4, 5, and 7. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a mechanism during mucosal injury whereby MSC production of PGE2 increases HDAC4, 5, and 7 activities in epithelial cells by upregulating PTGER4 signaling, ultimately increasing SPINK4 mRNA levels and extracellular release of SPINK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugadas Anbazhagan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shanta Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sushma Chowdary Maddipatla
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasantha L Kolachala
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Randunne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jason D Matthews
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Health Science Research Building, 1760 Haygood Dr, E-246, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Schmidt S, Klampfleuthner FAM, Renkawitz T, Diederichs S. Cause and chondroprotective effects of prostaglandin E2 secretion during mesenchymal stromal cell chondrogenesis. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151412. [PMID: 38608422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that are promising for cartilage tissue engineering secrete high amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an immunoactive mediator involved in endochondral bone development. This study aimed to identify drivers of PGE2 and its role in the inadvertent MSC misdifferentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. PGE2 release, which rose in the first three weeks of MSC chondrogenesis, was jointly stimulated by endogenous BMP, WNT, and hedgehog activity that supported the exogenous stimulation by TGF-β1 and insulin to overcome the PGE2 inhibition by dexamethasone. Experiments with PGE2 treatment or the inhibitor celecoxib or specific receptor antagonists demonstrated that PGE2, although driven by prohypertrophic signals, exerted broad autocrine antihypertrophic effects. This chondroprotective effect makes PGE2 not only a promising option for future combinatorial approaches to direct MSC tissue engineering approaches into chondral instead of endochondral development but could potentially have implications for the use of COX-2-selective inhibitors in osteoarthritis pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schmidt
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felicia A M Klampfleuthner
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Solvig Diederichs
- Experimental Orthopaedics, Research Centre for Molecular and Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Garland A, Wierenga C, McCrae P, Pearson W. Cartilage-Sparing Properties of Equine Omega Complete in an Organ Culture Model of Cartilage Inflammation. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104165. [PMID: 36423791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine anti-inflammatory and/or chondroprotective effects of Equine Omega Complete (EOC) on cartilage explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Explants were aseptically prepared from the intercarpal joints of 17 market-weight pigs and placed in culture at 37°C for a total of 120 hours. For the final 96 hours, explants were conditioned with a simulated digestion extract of EOC (0, 36 or 180 μL/mL), and for the final 48 hours explants were stimulated with LPS (0 or 15µg/mL). Media was removed and replaced every 24 hours. Samples from the final 48 hours were analyzed for biomarkers of cartilage inflammation (prostaglandin E2 [PGE2] and nitric oxide [NO]) and cartilage structure (glycosaminoglycan [GAG]). At the end of the culture period cartilage explants were stained for an estimate of cell viability. Stimulation of unconditioned explants with LPS significantly increased media concentrations of PGE2, GAG and NO compared with that from unstimulated explants. LPS stimulation did not significantly affect cell viability. Both concentrations of EOC prevented significant LPS-stimulated cartilage release of GAG without impairing chondrocyte viability. No other effects of treatment were observed. These data provide evidence for a non-cytotoxic, chondroprotective effect of EOC in cartilage. This in vitro experiment supports the use of EOC in protecting against the detrimental effects of inflammation on cartilage structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garland
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corina Wierenga
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Persephone McCrae
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Chae CS, Sandoval TA, Hwang SM, Park ES, Giovanelli P, Awasthi D, Salvagno C, Emmanuelli A, Tan C, Chaudhary V, Casado J, Kossenkov AV, Song M, Barrat FJ, Holcomb K, Romero-Sandoval EA, Zamarin D, Pépin D, D’Andrea AD, Färkkilä A, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Tumor-Derived Lysophosphatidic Acid Blunts Protective Type I Interferon Responses in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1904-1921. [PMID: 35552618 PMCID: PMC9357054 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid enriched in the tumor microenvironment of immunosuppressive malignancies such as ovarian cancer. Although LPA enhances the tumorigenic attributes of cancer cells, the immunomodulatory activity of this phospholipid messenger remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that LPA operates as a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) responses in ovarian cancer. Ablation of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin (ATX) in ovarian cancer cells reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment, extended host survival, and improved the effects of therapies that elicit protective responses driven by type I IFN. Mechanistically, LPA sensing by dendritic cells triggered PGE2 biosynthesis that suppressed type I IFN signaling via autocrine EP4 engagement. Moreover, we identified an LPA-controlled, immune-derived gene signature associated with poor responses to combined PARP inhibition and PD-1 blockade in patients with ovarian cancer. Controlling LPA production or sensing in tumors may therefore be useful to improve cancer immunotherapies that rely on robust induction of type I IFN. SIGNIFICANCE This study uncovers that ATX-LPA is a central immunosuppressive pathway in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Ablating this axis sensitizes ovarian cancer hosts to various immunotherapies by unleashing protective type I IFN responses. Understanding the immunoregulatory programs induced by LPA could lead to new biomarkers predicting resistance to immunotherapy in patients with cancer. See related commentary by Conejo-Garcia and Curiel, p. 1841. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Suk Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tito A. Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eun Sil Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paolo Giovanelli
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA.,Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Camilla Salvagno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Emmanuelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julia Casado
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA.,HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan D. D’Andrea
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Correspondence: Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, , Phone: 212-743-1323
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Jin Y, Liu Q, Chen P, Zhao S, Jiang W, Wang F, Li P, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhong TP, Ma X, Wang X, Gartland A, Wang N, Shah KM, Zhang H, Cao X, Yang L, Liu M, Luo J. A novel prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) small molecule antagonist induces articular cartilage regeneration. Cell Discov 2022; 8:24. [PMID: 35256606 PMCID: PMC8901748 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair and regeneration is an unmet clinical need because of the poor self-regeneration capacity of the tissue. In this study, we found that the expression of prostaglandin E receptor 4 (PTGER4 or EP4) was largely increased in the injured articular cartilage in both humans and mice. In microfracture (MF) surgery-induced cartilage defect (CD) and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery-induced CD mouse models, cartilage-specific deletion of EP4 remarkably promoted tissue regeneration by enhancing chondrogenesis and cartilage anabolism, and suppressing cartilage catabolism and hypertrophy. Importantly, knocking out EP4 in cartilage enhanced stable mature articular cartilage formation instead of fibrocartilage, and reduced joint pain. In addition, we identified a novel selective EP4 antagonist HL-43 for promoting chondrocyte differentiation and anabolism with low toxicity and desirable bioavailability. HL-43 enhanced cartilage anabolism, suppressed catabolism, prevented fibrocartilage formation, and reduced joint pain in multiple pre-clinical animal models including the MF surgery-induced CD rat model, the DMM surgery-induced CD mouse model, and an aging-induced CD mouse model. Furthermore, HL-43 promoted chondrocyte differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) generation, and inhibited matrix degradation in human articular cartilage explants. At the molecular level, we found that HL-43/EP4 regulated cartilage anabolism through the cAMP/PKA/CREB/Sox9 signaling. Together, our findings demonstrate that EP4 can act as a promising therapeutic target for cartilage regeneration and the novel EP4 antagonist HL-43 has the clinical potential to be used for cartilage repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanhua Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alison Gartland
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karan Mehul Shah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hankun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Health Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. .,Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Pharmaceutical therapeutics for articular regeneration and restoration: state-of-the-art technology for screening small molecular drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8127-8155. [PMID: 34783870 PMCID: PMC8593173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage caused by sports injury or osteoarthritis (OA) has gained increased attention as a worldwide health burden. Pharmaceutical treatments are considered cost-effective means of promoting cartilage regeneration, but are limited by their inability to generate sufficient functional chondrocytes and modify disease progression. Small molecular chemical compounds are an abundant source of new pharmaceutical therapeutics for cartilage regeneration, as they have advantages in design, fabrication, and application, and, when used in combination, act as powerful tools for manipulating cellular fate. In this review, we present current achievements in the development of small molecular drugs for cartilage regeneration, particularly in the fields of chondrocyte generation and reversion of chondrocyte degenerative phenotypes. Several clinically or preclinically available small molecules, which have been shown to facilitate chondrogenesis, chondrocyte dedifferentiation, and cellular reprogramming, and subsequently ameliorate cartilage degeneration by targeting inflammation, matrix degradation, metabolism, and epigenetics, are summarized. Notably, this review introduces essential parameters for high-throughput screening strategies, including models of different chondrogenic cell sources, phenotype readout methodologies, and transferable advanced systems from other fields. Overall, this review provides new insights into future pharmaceutical therapies for cartilage regeneration.
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