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Lubkowicz D, Hava DL, Lewis K, Isabella VM. Rational Engineering of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as Live Biotherapeutic to Degrade Uremic Toxin Precursors. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1077-1084. [PMID: 38588591 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Uremic toxins (UTs) are microbiota-derived metabolites that accelerate the progression of kidney damage in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). One of the major UTs involved in CKD progression is p-cresol-sulfate (PCS), derived from dietary l-tyrosine (l-Tyr). Here, we engineered a probiotic strain of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, to convert l-Tyr to the nontoxic compound p-coumaric acid via tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL). First, a small metagenomic library was assessed to identify the TAL with the greatest whole-cell activity. Second, accessory genes implicated in the import of l-Tyr and export of PCA were overexpressed to enhance l-Tyr degradation by 106% and 56%, respectively. Last, random mutagenesis coupled to a novel selection and screening strategy was developed that identified a TAL variant with a 25% increase in whole-cell activity. Taken together, the final strain exhibits a 183% improvement over initial whole-cell activity and provides a promising candidate to degrade l-Tyr mediated PCS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lubkowicz
- Synlogic Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - David L Hava
- Synlogic Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kim Lewis
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Mao J, You H, Wang M, Ba Y, Qian J, Cheng P, Lu C, Chen J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals transdifferentiation of parathyroid chief cells into oxyphil cells in patients with uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 2024; 105:562-581. [PMID: 38142040 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The parathyroid gland is one of the main organs that regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is mainly composed of chief cells and oxyphil cells. Oxyphil cell counts are low in the parathyroid glands of healthy adults but are dramatically increased in patients with uremia and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Increased oxyphil cell counts are related to drug treatment resistance, but the origin of oxyphil cells and the mechanism of proliferation remain unknown. Herein, three types of parathyroid nodules (chief cell nodules, oxyphil cell nodules and mixed nodules, respectively) excised from parathyroid glands of uremic SHPT patients were used for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), other molecular biology studies, and transplantation into nude mice. Through scRNA-seq of parathyroid mixed nodules from three patients with uremic SHPT, we established the first transcriptomic map of the human parathyroid and found a chief-to-oxyphil cell transdifferentiation characterized by gradual mitochondrial enrichment associated with the uremic milieu. Notably, the mitochondrial enrichment and cellular proliferation of chief cell and oxyphil cell nodules decreased significantly after leaving the uremic milieu via transplantation into nude mice. Remarkably, the phenotype of oxyphil cell nodules improved significantly in the nude mice as characterized by decreased mitochondrial content and the proportion of oxyphil cells to chief cells. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas of the human parathyroid and elucidates the origin of parathyroid oxyphil cells and their underlying transdifferentiating mechanism. These findings enhance our understanding of parathyroid disease and may open new treatment perspectives for patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Mao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaizhou You
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjing Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jing Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuhan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Brown RB, Bigelow P, Dubin JA, Neiterman E. Breast cancer, alcohol, and phosphate toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:17-27. [PMID: 37332052 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, even at low alcohol intake levels, but public awareness of the breast cancer risk associated with alcohol intake is low. Furthermore, the causative mechanisms underlying alcohol's association with breast cancer are unknown. The present theoretical paper uses a modified grounded theory method to review the research literature and propose that alcohol's association with breast cancer is mediated by phosphate toxicity, the accumulation of excess inorganic phosphate in body tissue. Serum levels of inorganic phosphate are regulated through a network of hormones released from the bone, kidneys, parathyroid glands, and intestines. Alcohol burdens renal function, which may disturb the regulation of inorganic phosphate, impair phosphate excretion, and increase phosphate toxicity. In addition to causing cellular dehydration, alcohol is an etiologic factor in nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, which ruptures cell membranes and releases inorganic phosphate into the serum, leading to hyperphosphatemia. Phosphate toxicity is also associated with tumorigenesis, as high levels of inorganic phosphate within the tumor microenvironment activate cell signaling pathways and promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, phosphate toxicity potentially links cancer and kidney disease in onco-nephrology. Insights into the mediating role of phosphate toxicity may lead to future research and interventions that raise public health awareness of breast cancer risk and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Bigelow
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel A Dubin
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Neiterman
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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The clinical relevance of native vitamin D in pediatric kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:945-955. [PMID: 35930049 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D has been reported to be common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as in proteinuric disorders. We reviewed available evidence to assess clinically relevant effects of low vitamin D status and native vitamin D (NVD) therapy, in pediatric renal diseases. Online medical databases were searched for articles related to vitamin D status, associations of hypovitaminosis D and effects of NVD therapy in kidney disease. Hypovitaminosis D was associated with worse skeletal, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and renal survival outcomes in CKD. Low serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels correlated positively with glomerular filtration rate and negatively with serum parathyroid (PTH) levels. However, to date, evidence of benefit of NVD supplementation is restricted mainly to improvements in serum PTH, and biochemical 25[OH]D targets form the basis of clinical practice recommendations for NVD therapy. In nephrotic syndrome (NS) relapse, studies indicate loss of 25[OH]D along with vitamin D binding protein in urine, and serum total 25[OH]D levels are low. Preliminary evidence indicates that free 25[OH]D may be a better guide to the biologically active fraction. NVD therapy in NS does not show consistent results in improving skeletal outcomes and hypercalciuria has been reported when total 25[OH]D levels were considered as indication for therapy. NVD formulations should be regularised, and therapy monitored adequately to avoid adverse effects.
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Zoubiri H, Tahar A, AitAbderrhmane S, Saidani M, Koceir EA. Oral Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Sahara Black People with Chronic Kidney Disease Modulates Cytokine Storm, Oxidative Stress Damage and Athero-Thromboembolic Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112285. [PMID: 35684085 PMCID: PMC9182799 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) deficiency in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with immune system dysfunction (pro-inflammatory cytokines storm) through macrophages renal infiltration, oxidative stress (OxS) damage and athero-thromboembolic risk. Conversely, cholecalciferol supplementation (25OHD-S) prevents kidney fibrosis by inhibition of vascular calcification and nephrotic apoptosis (nephrons reduction). The objective of this study was to investigate the pleiotropic effects of 25OHD-S on immunomodulation, antioxidant status and in protecting against thromboembolic events in deficiency CKD Black and White individuals living in the Southern Sahara (SS). The oral 25OHD-S was evaluated in 60,000 IU/month/36 weeks versus in 2000 IU/day/24 weeks in Black (n = 156) and White (n = 150). Total serum vitamin D was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All biomarkers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) were assessed by ELISA tests. OxS markers were assessed by Randox kits. Homocysteine and lipoproteine (a) were evaluated by biochemical methods as biomarkers of atherothromboembolic risk. All statistical analyses were performed with Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA. The Pearson test was used to calculate the correlation coefficient. The means will be significantly different at a level of p value < 0.05. Multiple logistic regressions were performed using Epi-info and Statview software. Vitamin D deficiency alters the PIC profile, OxS damage and atherothrombogenic biomarkers in both SS groups in the same manner; however, these disorders are more acute in Black compared to White SS individuals. The results showed that the serum 25OHD3 concentrations became normal (>75 nmol/L or >30 ng/mL) in the two groups. We have shown that the dose and duration of 25OHD-S treatment are not similar in Black SS residents compared to White SS subjects, whilst the same inhabit the south Sahara environment. It appears that a high dose intermittent over a long period (D60: 36 weeks) was more efficient in Black people; while a lower dose for a short time is sufficient (D2: 24 weeks) in their White counterparts. The oral 25OHD-S attenuates PIC overproduction and OxS damage, but does not reduce athero-thromboembolic risk, particularly in Black SS residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Zoubiri
- Laboratory of Biology and Organisms Physiology, Team of Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; (H.Z.); (A.T.)
- Biology and Physiology Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Kouba, Algiers 16308, Algeria
| | - Amina Tahar
- Laboratory of Biology and Organisms Physiology, Team of Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; (H.Z.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Messaoud Saidani
- Clinical Nephrology Exploration Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University Hospital Center of Beni Messous, Algiers 16014, Algeria;
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Laboratory of Biology and Organisms Physiology, Team of Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; (H.Z.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +213-6-66-74-27-70; Fax: +213-(0)21-24-72-17
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Chen YC, Sung HC, Chuang TY, Lai TC, Lee TL, Lee CW, Lee IT, Chen YL. Vitamin D 3 decreases TNF-α-induced inflammation in lung epithelial cells through a reduction in mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:427-450. [PMID: 34255241 PMCID: PMC8275919 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown an association between vitamin D3 deficiency and an increased risk for acquiring various inflammatory diseases. Vitamin D3 can reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients via different mechanisms. Lung inflammation is an important event in the initiation and development of respiratory disorders. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D3 and the underlying mechanisms remained to be determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and mechanisms of action of vitamin D3 (Vit. D) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in vitro and in vivo with or without tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) treatment. Pretreatment with Vit. D reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and leukocyte adhesion in TNF-α-treated A549 cells. TNF-α increased the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), while Vit. D reduced this effect. Pretreatment with Vit. D attenuated TNF-α-induced mitochondrial fission, as shown by the increased expression of mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1), and mitophagy-related proteins (BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3, Bnip3) in A549 cells. Inhibition of DRP1 or Mff significantly decreased ICAM-1 expression. In addition, we found that Vit. D decreased TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy via the AKT and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, ICAM-1 expression, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy were increased in the lung tissues of TNF-α-treated mice, while Vit. D supplementation reduced these effects. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms by which Vit. D reduces the expression of adhesion molecules in models of airway inflammation. Vit. D might be served as a novel therapeutic agent for the targeting of epithelial activation in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, No. 168 Jin-Kuo Road, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Chun Lai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li YM, Feng Q, Jiang WQ, Wu BT, Feng JF. Evaluation of vitamin D storage in patients with chronic kidney disease: Detection of serum vitamin D metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105860. [PMID: 33662569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is extremely common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the current clinical testing of vitamin D is based on the recommended serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. The levels of VitD components in CKD patients are rarely reported. In this study, we tested various VitD components, and used different methods to evaluate the VitD status of CKD patients in vivo. METHODS Totally 173 CKD patients and 111 control individuals were enrolled. Serum levels of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, C3-epimers (C3-epi) and free 25(OH)D [f-25(OH)D] were measured. The 25(OH)D2/25(OH)D3 ratio, C3-epi/25(OH)D3 ratio, total 25(OH)D [t-25(OH)D], and bioavailable vitamin D (BAVD) were calculated, respectively. RESULTS The ratios of 25(OH)D2/25(OH)D3, C3-epi/25(OH)D3, and the level of C3-epi in CKD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of t-25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, C3-epi, f-25(OH)D and BAVD in patients with CKD stage 5 were significantly lower than those in stages 2, 3, and 4 (all P < 0.05). The calculated VitD storage according to Method 3 [25(OH)D2/3 + 25(OH)D3] was only 32.95 %, which was lower than the results of 53.76 % by Method 1 [25(OH)D2+ 25(OH)D3+C3-epi] and 48.56 % by Method 2 [25(OH)D2/3 + 25(OH)D3+C3-epi]. In addition, the VitD results calculated by three methods were positively correlated with f-25(OH)D and BAVD, while C3-epi levels were also positively correlated with f-25(OH)D and BAVD. CONCLUSION Serum levels of t-25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, C3-epi, f-25(OH)D and BAVD in CKD patients gradually decrease with the progression of CKD stages. Though the results of VitD storage in CKD patients evaluated by different methods are different, simultaneous detection of 25(OH)D2, 25(OH)D3, C3-epi and f-25(OH)D levels and fully estimation of their respective biological activities could accurately evaluate the VitD storage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Meng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qian Feng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bi-Tao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Fu Feng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Predictive and Preventive Mucosal Communications in Particulate Matter Exposure-Linked Renal Distress. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020118. [PMID: 33670188 PMCID: PMC7916923 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite research into the epidemiological link between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and renal disorder, there is limited information available on the etiological complexity and molecular mechanisms. Among the early responsive tissues to PM exposure, the mucosal barrier of the airway and alimentary tract may be a crucial source of pathologic mediators leading to inflammatory renal diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given that harmful responses and products in mucosa exposed to PM may enter the circulation and cause adverse outcomes in the kidney, the aim of the present review was to address the impact of PM exposure on the mucosal barrier and the vicious feedback cycle in the mucosal environment. In addition to the PM-induced alteration of mucosal barrier integrity, the microbial community has a pivotal role in the xenobiotic metabolism and individual susceptibility to PM toxicity. The dysbiosis-induced deleterious metabolites of PM and nutrients are introduced systemically via a disrupted mucosal barrier, contributing to renal injuries and pathologic severity. In contrast, the progress of mucosa-associated renal disease is counteracted by endogenous protective responses in the mucosa. Along with direct elimination of the toxic mediators, modulators of the mucosal microbial community should provide a promising platform for mucosa-based personalized interventions against renal disorders caused by air pollution.
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Martos-Rus C, Katz-Greenberg G, Lin Z, Serrano E, Whitaker-Menezes D, Domingo-Vidal M, Roche M, Ramaswamy K, Hooper DC, Falkner B, Martinez Cantarin MP. Macrophage and adipocyte interaction as a source of inflammation in kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2974. [PMID: 33536542 PMCID: PMC7859223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, adipose tissue derived inflammation is associated with unfavorable metabolic consequences. Uremic inflammation is prevalent and contributes to detrimental outcomes. However, the contribution of adipose tissue inflammation in uremia has not been characterized. We studied the contribution of adipose tissue to uremic inflammation in-vitro, in-vivo and in human samples. Exposure to uremic serum resulted in activation of inflammatory pathways including NFκB and HIF1, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and catabolism with lipolysis, and lactate production. Also, co-culture of adipocytes with macrophages primed by uremic serum resulted in higher inflammatory cytokine expression than adipocytes exposed only to uremic serum. Adipose tissue of end stage renal disease subjects revealed increased macrophage infiltration compared to controls after BMI stratification. Similarly, mice with kidney disease recapitulated the inflammatory state observed in uremic patients and additionally demonstrated increased peripheral monocytes and inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMS). In contrast, adipose tissue in uremic IL-6 knock out mice showed reduced ATMS density compared to uremic wild-type controls. Differences in ATMS density highlight the necessary role of IL-6 in macrophage infiltration in uremia. Uremia promotes changes in adipocytes and macrophages enhancing production of inflammatory cytokines. We demonstrate an interaction between uremic activated macrophages and adipose tissue that augments inflammation in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martos-Rus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Goni Katz-Greenberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eurico Serrano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Roche
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kavitha Ramaswamy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Douglas C Hooper
- Cancer Biology and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bonita Falkner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Maria P Martinez Cantarin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Gregório PC, Bucharles S, da Cunha RS, Braga T, Almeida AC, Henneberg R, Stinghen AE, Barreto FC. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D supplementation may be blurred in hemodialysis patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e1821. [PMID: 33624705 PMCID: PMC7885853 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D supplementation under uremic conditions, both in vivo and in vitro, and its effects on the parameters of mineral metabolism. METHODS Thirty-two hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N=14) or cholecalciferol (N=18) for six months. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, total alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and vitamin D were measured at baseline and after three and six months. The levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were also measured at baseline and at six months. Human monocytes were used for in vitro experiments and treated with cholecalciferol (150 nM) and uremic serum. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cathelicidin (CAMP) expression were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay, and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Both patient groups were clinically and biochemically similar at baseline. After six months, the levels of vitamin D and iPTH were higher and lower, respectively, in the cholecalciferol group than in the placebo group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the parameters of mineral metabolism, such as IL-1β and hs-CRP levels, in both groups. Treatment with uremic serum lowered the monocyte viability (p<0.0001) and increased ROS production (p<0.01) and CAMP expression (p<0.05); these effects were counterbalanced by cholecalciferol treatment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thus, cholecalciferol supplementation is an efficient strategy to ameliorate hypovitaminosis D in hemodialysis patients, but its beneficial effects on the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism are relatively unclear. Even though cholecalciferol exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, its short-term supplementation was not effective in improving the inflammatory profile of patients on hemodialysis, as indicated by the IL-1β and hs-CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C. Gregório
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Sergio Bucharles
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Divisao de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Regiane S. da Cunha
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Tárcio Braga
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Ana Clara Almeida
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Railson Henneberg
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Andréa E.M. Stinghen
- Laboratorio de Nefrologia Experimental, Departamento de Patologia Basica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Fellype C. Barreto
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Divisao de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, PR, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Rebello JF, de Oliveira Brito RB, Grabulosa CC, Moyses RMA, Elias RM, Dalboni MA. Flow Cytometry of CD14, VDR, Cyp27 and Cyp24 and TLR4 in U937 Cells. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3695. [PMID: 33659363 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients present a micro inflammation state due to failure renal function. The calcitriol has been described as an anti-inflammatory factor that might modulates the inflammatory response in CKD patients. However, these patients have deficiency of Calcitriol due to failure renal function. But, synthesis of this vitamin has been reported in extra renal production, as in monocytes. In this context, it has been reported that the supplementation with 25 vitamin D (calcidiol or inactive form of vitamin D) induces monocytes to downregulate inflammation, due to the intracellular 1α-hidroxilase that converts calcidiol to calcitriol in these cells. Besides some reports used RT-qPCR, Western Blot or immunofluorescence techniques to investigate the expression of inflammatory and vitamin D machinery biomarkers in several disease, in the present study we used flow cytometry technique to evaluate the effect of 25 vitamin D on CD14, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1-α hydroxylase (CYP27), 24 hydroxylase (CYP24) in monocytes lineage (U937). The U937 culture was incubated with healthy or CKD serum and treatment with/without 25-vitamin D (50 ng/ml for 24 h) to evaluate CD14, TRL4, VDR, CYP27 and CYP24 expression. This protocol showed the advantage to investigate the effect of treatment with 25 vitamin D on the intracellular and cell membrane biomarkers expression quickly and simultaneously. In addition, this technique is not laborious, but easy to perform and to interpret compared to RT-qPCR, western blot or immunofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosilene Motta Elias
- Department of Post Graduate in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Dalboni
- Department of Post Graduate in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sirtuin-1 and Its Relevance in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051593. [PMID: 32111067 PMCID: PMC7084838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is related to VC. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) deacetylase encompasses a broad range of transcription factors that are linked to an extended lifespan. Sirt1 enhances endothelial NO synthase and upregulates FoxOs to activate its antioxidant properties and delay cell senescence. Sirt1 reverses osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation by influencing RUNX2 expression in VSMCs. Low Sirt1 hardly prevents acetylation by p300 and phosphorylation of β-catenin that, following the facilitation of β-catenin translocation, drives osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation. Hyperphosphatemia induces VC by osteogenic conversion, apoptosis, and senescence of VSMCs through the Pit-1 cotransporter, which can be retarded by the sirt1 activator resveratrol. Proinflammatory adipocytokines released from dysfunctional perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) mediate medial calcification and arterial stiffness. Sirt1 ameliorates release of PVAT adipokines and increases adiponectin secretion, which interact with FoxO 1 against oxidative stress and inflammatory arterial insult. Conclusively, Sirt1 decelerates VC by means of influencing endothelial NO bioavailability, senescence of ECs and VSMCs, osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation, apoptosis of VSMCs, ECM deposition, and the inflammatory response of PVAT. Factors that aggravate VC include vitamin D deficiency-related macrophage recruitment and further inflammation responses. Supplementation with vitamin D to adequate levels is beneficial in improving PVAT macrophage infiltration and local inflammation, which further prevents VC.
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