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Wang J, Wren JD, Ding Y, Chen J, Mittal N, Xu C, Li X, Zeng C, Wang M, Shi J, Zhang YH, Han SJ, Zhang XA. EWI2 promotes endolysosome-mediated turnover of growth factor receptors and integrins to suppress lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215641. [PMID: 35339615 PMCID: PMC9036562 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a partner of tetraspanins, EWI2 suppresses glioblastoma, melanoma, and prostate cancer; but its role in lung cancer has not been investigated. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that EWI2 gene expression is up regulated in lung adenocarcinoma and higher expression of EWI2 mRNA may predict poorer overall survival. However, experimental analysis shows that EWI2 protein is actually downregulated constantly in the tissues of lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Forced expression of EWI2 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells reduces total cellular and cell surface levels of various integrins and growth factor receptors, which initiates the outside-in motogenic and mitogenic signaling. These reductions result in the decreases in 1) cell-matrix adhesion, cell movement, and cell transformation in vitro and 2) tumor growth, burden, and metastasis in vivo, and result from the increases in lysosomal trafficking and proteolytic degradation of theses membrane receptors. EWI2 elevates lysosome formation by promoting nuclear retention of TFEB, the master transcription factor driving lysosomogenesis. In conclusion, EWI2 as a lung cancer suppressor attenuates lung cancer cells in a comprehensive fashion by inhibiting both tumor growth and tumor metastasis; EWI2 as an endolysosome regulator promotes lysosome activity to enhance lysosomal degradation of growth factor receptors and integrins and then reduce their levels and functions; and EWI2 can become a promising therapeutic candidate given its accessibility at the cell surface, dual inhibition on growth factor receptors and integrins, and broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity. More importantly, our observations also provide a novel therapeutic strategy to bypass the resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yingjun Ding
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Junxiong Chen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nikhil Mittal
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cengxi Zeng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanhui H. Zhang
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Xin A. Zhang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Xin Zhang, Stephenson Cancer Center and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Biomedical Research Center Room 1474, 975 NE 10 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104. Tel: 405-271-8001 (ext. 56218);
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Ruthenium(II)-Cyclopentadienyl-Derived Complexes as New Emerging Anti-Colorectal Cancer Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061293. [PMID: 35745864 PMCID: PMC9228117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, urging the need for new and more efficient therapeutic approaches. Ruthenium complexes have emerged as attractive alternatives to traditional platinum-based compounds in the treatment of CRC. This work aims to evaluate anti-CRC properties, as well as to identify the mechanisms of action of ruthenium complexes with the general formula [Ru(η5-C5H4R)(PPh3)(4,4′-R′-2,2′-bipyridine)][CF3SO3], where R = CH3, CHO or CH2OH and R′ = H, CH3, CH2OH, or dibiotin ester. The complexes (Ru 1–7) displayed high bioactivity, as shown by low IC50 concentrations against CRC cells, namely, RKO and SW480. Four of the most promising ruthenium complexes (Ru 2, 5–7) were phenotypically characterized and were shown to inhibit cell viability by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, and increasing apoptosis. These findings were in accordance with the inhibition of MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Ruthenium complexes also led to a decrease in cellular clonogenic ability and cell migration, which was associated with the disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton integrity. Here, we demonstrated that ruthenium complexes, especially Ru7, have a high anticancer effect against CRC cells and are promising drugs to be used as a new therapeutical strategy for CRC treatment.
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Cheng SY, Delgado-Cruzata L, Clement CC, Zacarias O, Concheiro-Guisan M, Towler N, Snyder T, Zheng M, Almodovar N, Gonzalez C, Romaine M, Sapse AM, Champeil E. Cytotoxicity, crosslinking and biological activity of three mitomycins. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sugita BM, Rodriguez Y, Fonseca AS, Nunes Souza E, Kallakury B, Cavalli IJ, Ribeiro EMSF, Aneja R, Cavalli LR. MiR-150-5p Overexpression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Contributes to the In Vitro Aggressiveness of This Breast Cancer Subtype. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092156. [PMID: 35565284 PMCID: PMC9104497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive type of breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that regulate the expression of genes involved in tumor cell signaling. The miR-150-5p is frequently deregulated in cancer, with expression and mode of action varying according to the cancer type. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of miR-150-5p in TNBC, its association with clinical and pathological features of patients, and its role in modulating TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Our results suggest that miR-150-5p is highly expressed in TNBC and that miR-150-5p expression levels are associated with tumor grade, patient survival, and ethnicity. Our findings also indicate that miR-150-5p contributes to the aggressive phenotypes of TNBC cells in vitro. Abstract MiR-150-5p is frequently deregulated in cancer, with expression and mode of action varying according to the tumor type. Here, we investigated the expression levels and role of miR-150-5p in the aggressive breast cancer subtype triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MiR-150-5p expression levels were analyzed in tissue samples from 113 patients with invasive breast cancer (56 TNBC and 57 non-TNBC) and 41 adjacent non-tumor tissues (ANT). Overexpression of miR-150-5p was observed in tumor tissues compared with ANT tissues and in TNBC compared with non-TNBC tissues. MiR-150-5p expression levels were significantly associated with high tumor grades and the Caucasian ethnicity. Interestingly, high miR-150-5p levels were associated with prolonged overall survival. Manipulation of miR-150-5p expression in TNBC cells modulated cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and drug resistance. Manipulation of miR-150-5p expression also resulted in altered expression of its mRNA targets, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, MYB, and members of the SRC pathway. These findings suggest that miR-150-5p is overexpressed in TNBC and contributes to the aggressiveness of TNBC cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M. Sugita
- Research Institute Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe Curitiba, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; (B.M.S.); (A.S.F.); (E.N.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
- Genetics Post-Graduation Program, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil; (I.J.C.); (E.M.S.F.R.)
| | - Yara Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Aline S. Fonseca
- Research Institute Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe Curitiba, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; (B.M.S.); (A.S.F.); (E.N.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Emanuelle Nunes Souza
- Research Institute Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe Curitiba, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; (B.M.S.); (A.S.F.); (E.N.S.)
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Iglenir J. Cavalli
- Genetics Post-Graduation Program, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil; (I.J.C.); (E.M.S.F.R.)
| | - Enilze M. S. F. Ribeiro
- Genetics Post-Graduation Program, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil; (I.J.C.); (E.M.S.F.R.)
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Luciane R. Cavalli
- Research Institute Pele Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe Curitiba, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil; (B.M.S.); (A.S.F.); (E.N.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Barravecchia I, Barresi E, Russo C, Scebba F, De Cesari C, Mignucci V, De Luca D, Salerno S, La Pietra V, Giustiniano M, Pelliccia S, Brancaccio D, Donati G, Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Angeloni D, Marinelli L. Enriching the Arsenal of Pharmacological Tools against MICAL2. Molecules 2021; 26:7519. [PMID: 34946600 PMCID: PMC8709466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecule interacting with CasL 2 (MICAL2), a cytoskeleton dynamics regulator, are strongly expressed in several human cancer types, especially at the invasive front, in metastasizing cancer cells and in the neo-angiogenic vasculature. Although a plethora of data exist and stress a growing relevance of MICAL2 to human cancer, it is worth noting that only one small-molecule inhibitor, named CCG-1423 (1), is known to date. Herein, with the aim to develop novel MICAL2 inhibitors, starting from CCG-1423 (1), a small library of new compounds was synthetized and biologically evaluated on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and on renal cell adenocarcinoma (786-O) cells. Among the novel compounds, 10 and 7 gave interesting results in terms of reduction in cell proliferation and/or motility, whereas no effects were observed in MICAL2-knocked down cells. Aside from the interesting biological activities, this work provides the first structure-activity relationships (SARs) of CCG-1423 (1), thus providing precious information for the discovery of new MICAL2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Barravecchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.B.); (F.S.); (C.D.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (S.S.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (S.S.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Camilla Russo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Francesca Scebba
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.B.); (F.S.); (C.D.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Chiara De Cesari
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.B.); (F.S.); (C.D.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Valerio Mignucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.B.); (F.S.); (C.D.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Davide De Luca
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.B.); (F.S.); (C.D.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (S.S.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Greta Donati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (S.S.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (S.S.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Debora Angeloni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (I.B.); (F.S.); (C.D.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (V.L.P.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (D.B.); (G.D.)
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Malandraki-Miller S, Riley PR. Use of artificial intelligence to enhance phenotypic drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:887-901. [PMID: 33484947 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Research and development (R&D) productivity across the pharmaceutical industry has received close scrutiny over the past two decades, especially taking into consideration reports of attrition rates and the colossal cost for drug development. The respective merits of the two main drug discovery approaches, phenotypic and target based, have divided opinion across the research community, because each hold different advantages for identifying novel molecular entities with a successful path to the market. Nevertheless, both have low translatability in the clinic. Artificial intelligence (AI) and adoption of machine learning (ML) tools offer the promise of revolutionising drug development, and overcoming obstacles in the drug discovery pipeline. Here, we assess the potential of target-driven and phenotypic-based approaches and offer a holistic description of the current state of the field, from both a scientific and industry perspective. With the emerging partnerships between AI/ML and pharma still in their relative infancy, we investigate the potential and current limitations with a particular focus on phenotypic drug discovery. Finally, we emphasise the value of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and cross-disciplinary collaborations to foster innovation and facilitate efficient drug discovery programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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