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Jefferson T, Henley EM, Erwin PM, Lager C, Perry R, Chernikhova D, Powell-Palm MJ, Ushijima B, Hagedorn M. Evaluating the coral microbiome during cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2024; 117:104960. [PMID: 39187231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Coral reefs are threatened by various local and global stressors, including elevated ocean temperatures due to anthropogenic climate change. Coral cryopreservation could help secure the diversity of threatened corals. Recently, isochoric vitrification was used to demonstrate that coral fragments lived to 24 hr post-thaw; however, in this study, they were stressed post-thaw. The microbial portion of the coral holobiont has been shown to affect host fitness and the impact of cryopreservation treatment on coral microbiomes is unknown. Therefore, we examined the coral-associated bacterial communities pre- and post-cryopreservation treatments, with a view towards informing potential future stress reduction strategies. We characterized the microbiome of the Hawaiian finger coral, Porites compressa in the wild and at seven steps during the isochoric vitrification process. We observed significant changes in microbiome composition, including: 1) the natural wild microbiomes of P. compressa were dominated by Endozoicomonadaceae (76.5 % relative abundance) and consistent between samples, independent of collection location across Kāne'ohe Bay; 2) Endozoicomonadaceae were reduced to <6.9 % in captivity, and further reduced to <0.5 % relative abundance after isochoric vitrification; and 3) Vibrionaceae dominated communities post-thaw (58.5-74.7 % abundance). Thus, the capture and cryopreservation processes, are implicated as possible causal agents of dysbiosis characterized by the loss of putatively beneficial symbionts (Endozoicomonadaceae) and overgrowth of potential pathogens (Vibrionaceae). Offsetting these changes with probiotic restoration treatments may alleviate cryopreservation stress and improve post-thaw husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Jefferson
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - E Michael Henley
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22360, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Patrick M Erwin
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA; Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA
| | - Claire Lager
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22360, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Riley Perry
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22360, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Darya Chernikhova
- Environment and Natural Resources Program, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Matthew J Powell-Palm
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Blake Ushijima
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22360, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA.
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2
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Roman HE, Cesura F, Maryam R, Levchenko I, Alexander K, Riccardi C. The fractal geometry of polymeric materials surfaces: surface area and fractal length scales. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3082-3096. [PMID: 38315084 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Using three common polymeric materials (polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polycaprolactone (PCL)), a standard oxygen-plasma treatment and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we performed a scaling analysis of the modified surfaces yielding effective Hurst exponents (H ≃ 0.77 ± 0.02 (PP), ≃0.75 ± 0.02 (PTFE), and ≃0.83 ± 0.02 (PCL)), for the one-dimensional profiles, corresponding to the transversal sections of the surface, by averaging over all possible profiles. The surface fractal dimensions are given by ds = 3 - H, corresponding to ds ≃ 2.23, 2.25, and 2.17, respectively. We present a simple method to obtain the surface area from the AFM images stored in a matrix of 512 × 512 pixels. We show that the considerable increase found in the surface areas of the treated samples w.r.t. to the non-treated ones (43% for PP, 85% for PTFE, and 25% for PCL, with errors of about 2.5% on samples of 2 µm × 2 µm) is consistent with the observed increase in the length scales of the fractal regime to determine H, typically by a factor of about 2, extending from a few to hundreds of nanometres. We stipulate that the intrinsic roughness already present in the original non-treated material surfaces may serve as 'fractal' seeds undergoing significant height fluctuations during plasma treatment, suggesting a pathway for the future development of advanced material interfaces with large surface areas at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eduardo Roman
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Federico Cesura
- Dipartimento Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rabia Maryam
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Igor Levchenko
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre, Space Propulsion Centre Singapore, 637616 NIE, Singapore.
| | - Katia Alexander
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD 4811 Townsville, Australia
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 2601 Canberra, Australia.
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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Contardi M, Fadda M, Isa V, Louis YD, Madaschi A, Vencato S, Montalbetti E, Bertolacci L, Ceseracciu L, Seveso D, Lavorano S, Galli P, Athanassiou A, Montano S. Biodegradable Zein-Based Biocomposite Films for Underwater Delivery of Curcumin Reduce Thermal Stress Effects in Corals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37376819 PMCID: PMC10360034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Massive coral bleaching episodes induced by thermal stress are one of the first causes of coral death worldwide. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been identified as one of the potential causes of symbiosis breakdown between polyps and algae in corals during extreme heat wave events. Here, we propose a new strategy for mitigating heat effects by delivering underwater an antioxidant to the corals. We fabricated zein/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based biocomposite films laden with the strong and natural antioxidant curcumin as an advanced coral bleaching remediation tool. Biocomposites' mechanical, water contact angle (WCA), swelling, and release properties can be tuned thanks to different supramolecular rearrangements that occur by varying the zein/PVP weight ratio. Following immersion in seawater, the biocomposites became soft hydrogels that did not affect the coral's health in the short (24 h) and long periods (15 days). Laboratory bleaching experiments at 29 and 33 °C showed that coral colonies of Stylophora pistillata coated with the biocomposites had ameliorated conditions in terms of morphological aspects, chlorophyll content, and enzymatic activity compared to untreated colonies and did not bleach. Finally, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) confirmed the full biodegradability of the biocomposites, showing a low potential environmental impact in the case of open-field application. These insights may pave the way for new frontiers in mitigating extreme coral bleaching events by combining natural antioxidants and biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contardi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Marta Fadda
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Valerio Isa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Yohan D Louis
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Andrea Madaschi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Sara Vencato
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Enrico Montalbetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Laura Bertolacci
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment SpA - Acquario di Genova, Genova 16128, Italy
| | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
- Dubai Business School, University of Dubai, Dubai 14143, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan - Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Republic of Maldives
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Ouédraogo DY, Mell H, Perceval O, Burga K, Domart-Coulon I, Hédouin L, Delaunay M, Guillaume MMM, Castelin M, Calvayrac C, Kerkhof O, Sordello R, Reyjol Y, Ferrier-Pagès C. What are the toxicity thresholds of chemical pollutants for tropical reef-building corals? A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 39294817 PMCID: PMC11378836 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-023-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical coral reefs cover only ca. 0.1% of the Earth's surface but harbour exceptional marine biodiversity and provide vital ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. They are currently threatened by global (e.g. climate change) and local (e.g. chemical pollution) stressors that interact in multiple ways. While global stressors cannot be mitigated by local actions alone, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management. Here, we aimed to systematically review experimental studies assessing the toxicity of chemical pollutants to tropical reef-building corals to generate accessible and usable knowledge and data that can be used to calculate measurement endpoints in ecological risk assessment. From the quantitative estimates of effects, we determined toxicity thresholds as the highest exposures tested at which no statistically significant adverse effects were observed, and we compared them to regulatory predicted no effect concentrations for the protection of marine organisms, to assess whether these reference values are indeed protective of corals. METHODS The evidence was taken from a systematic map of the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals published in 2021. All studies in the map database corresponding to the knowledge cluster "Evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on corals" were selected. To identify subsequently published literature, the search was updated using a subset of the search string used for the systematic map. Titles, abstracts and full-texts were screened according to the criteria defining the selected cluster of the map. Because the eligibility criteria for the systematic review are narrower than the criteria used to define the cluster in the systematic map, additional screening was performed. Studies included were critically appraised and each study was rated as low, unclear, medium, or high risk of bias. Data were extracted from the studies and synthesised according to a strategy dependent on the type of exposure and outcome. REVIEW FINDINGS The systematic review reports the known effects of chemical exposures on corals from 847 studies corresponding to 181 articles. A total of 697 studies (161 articles) were included in the quantitative synthesis and 150 studies (50 articles) in the narrative synthesis of the findings. The quantitative synthesis records the effects of 2706 exposure concentrations-durations of 164 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, and identifies 105 toxicity thresholds corresponding to 56 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals. When toxicity thresholds were compared to reference values set for the protection of marine organisms by environmental agencies, the reference values appear to be protective of corals for all but three chemicals assessed: the metal copper and the pesticides diuron and irgarol 1051. CONCLUSIONS This open-access database of known ecotoxicological effects of chemical exposures on corals can assist managers in the ecological risk assessment of chemicals, by allowing easy determination of various ecotoxicological thresholds. Several limitations of the toxicity tests synthesised here were noted (in particular the lack of measurement of effective concentrations for more than half of the studies). Overall, most of the currently available data on coral toxicity should be replicated independently and extended to corals from less studied geographical regions and functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo
- Direction de L'Expertise, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Mell
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Perceval
- Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), 94300, Vincennes, France
| | - Karen Burga
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Domart-Coulon
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, 66860, Perpignan, France
- USR 3278 CRIOBE, PSL Université Paris : EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, 98729, Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Mathilde Delaunay
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mireille M M Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOrEA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS - SorbonneU - IRD - UCN - UA EcoFunc - Aviv, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Castelin
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS - Sorbonne Université - EPHE - Université des Antilles, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Calvayrac
- Biocapteurs Analyses Environnement, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 66000, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Universités - CNRS, 66650, Banyuls Sur Mer, France
| | - Odile Kerkhof
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Romain Sordello
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yorick Reyjol
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
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Polyvinyl alcohol-based films plasticized with an edible sweetened gel enriched with antioxidant carminic acid. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Madeira C, Dias M, Ferreira A, Gouveia R, Cabral H, Diniz MS, Vinagre C. Does Predation Exacerbate the Risk of Endosymbiont Loss in Heat Stressed Hermatypic Corals? Molecular Cues Provide Insights Into Species-Specific Health Outcomes in a Multi-Stressor Ocean. Front Physiol 2022; 13:801672. [PMID: 35299660 PMCID: PMC8922028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.801672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming has been a major driver of coral reef bleaching and mass mortality. Coupled to other biotic pressures, corals’ ability for acclimatization and adaptation may become compromised. Here, we tested the combined effects of warming scenarios (26, 30, and 32°C) and predation (wound vs. no wound) in coral health condition (paleness, bleaching, and mortality), cellular stress responses (heat shock protein 70 kDa Hsp70, total ubiquitin Ub, and total antioxidant capacity TAC), and physiological state (integrated biomarker response index, IBR) of seven Scleractinian coral species, after being exposed for 60 days. Results show that although temperature was the main factor driving coral health condition, thermotolerant species (Galaxea fascicularis, Psammocora contigua, and Turbinaria reniformis) displayed increased paleness, bleaching, and mortality in predation treatments at high temperature, whereas thermosensitive species (Acropora tenuis, Echinopora lamellosa, and Montipora capricornis brown and green morphotypes) all died at 32°C, regardless of predation condition. At the molecular level, results show that there were significant main and interactive effects of species, temperature, and predation in the biomarkers assessed. Temperature affected Hsp70, Ub, and TAC, evidencing the role of protein folding and turnover, as well as reactive oxygen species scavenging in heat stress management. Predation increased Hsp70 and Ub, suggesting the activation of the pro-phenoloxidase system and cytokine activity, whereas the combination of both stressors mainly affected TAC during moderate stress and Ub under severe stress, suggesting that redox balance and defense of homeostasis are crucial in tissue repair at high temperature. IBR levels showed an increasing trend at 32°C in predated coral fragments (although non-significant). We conclude that coral responses to the combination of high temperature and predation pressure display high inter-species variability, but these stressors may pose a higher risk of endosymbiont loss, depending on species physiology and stress intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- i4HB – Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Carolina Madeira, , orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-634X
| | - Marta Dias
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Marta Dias, , orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-6009
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Biology Department, Oceanário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raúl Gouveia
- Biology Department, Oceanário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique Cabral
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- INRAE – National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Mário S. Diniz
- i4HB – Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CCMAR – Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Dehnert I, Saponari L, Isa V, Seveso D, Galli P, Montano S. Exploring the performance of mid‐water lagoon nurseries for coral restoration in the Maldives. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dehnert
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) University of Milan—Bicocca Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center) Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll Republic of Maldives
| | - Luca Saponari
- Nature Seychelles The Centre for Environment and Education Roche Caiman, Mahe Republic of Seychelles
| | - Valerio Isa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) University of Milan—Bicocca Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) University of Milan—Bicocca Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center) Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll Republic of Maldives
| | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) University of Milan—Bicocca Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center) Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll Republic of Maldives
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) University of Milan—Bicocca Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milan Italy
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center) Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll Republic of Maldives
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Contardi M, Lenzuni M, Fiorentini F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Suarato G, Athanassiou A. Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Derivatives Formulations for Skin Damages and Disorders: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:999. [PMID: 34371691 PMCID: PMC8309026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of skin homeostasis are widely diffused in our everyday life both due to accidental injuries, such as wounds and burns, and physiological conditions, such as late-stage diabetes, dermatitis, or psoriasis. These events are locally characterized by an intense inflammatory response, a high generation of harmful free radicals, or an impairment in the immune response regulation, which can profoundly change the skin tissue' repair process, vulnerability, and functionality. Moreover, diabetes diffusion, antibiotic resistance, and abuse of aggressive soaps and disinfectants following the COVID-19 emergency could be causes for the future spreading of skin disorders. In the last years, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives have been investigated and applied in several research fields for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities. First, in this study, we give an overview of these natural molecules' current source and applications. Afterwards, we review their potential role as valid alternatives to the current therapies, supporting the management and rebalancing of skin disorders and diseases at different levels. Also, we will introduce the recent advances in the design of biomaterials loaded with these phenolic compounds, specifically suitable for skin disorders treatments. Lastly, we will suggest future perspectives for introducing hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives in treating skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contardi
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Martina Lenzuni
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiorentini
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
- Translational Pharmacology, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Smart Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, 16163 Genoa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.F.); (G.S.)
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9
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Alfieri ML, Moccia F, D’Errico G, Panzella L, d’Ischia M, Napolitano A. Acid Treatment Enhances the Antioxidant Activity of Enzymatically Synthesized Phenolic Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2544. [PMID: 33143251 PMCID: PMC7692195 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic polymers produced by enzymatic oxidation under biomimetic and eco-friendly reaction conditions are usually endowed with potent antioxidant properties. These properties, coupled with the higher biocompatibility, stability and processability compared to low-molecular weight phenolic compounds, open important perspectives for various applications. Herein, we report the marked boosting effect of acid treatment on the antioxidant properties of a series of polymers obtained by peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of natural phenolic compounds. Both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated a remarkable increase in the antioxidant properties for most phenolic polymers further to the acid treatment. In particular, up to a ca. 60% decrease in the EC50 value in the DPPH assay and a 5-fold increase in the Trolox equivalents were observed. Nitric oxide- and superoxide-scavenging assays also indicated highly specific boosting effects of the acid treatment. Spectroscopic evidence suggested, in most cases, that the occurrence of structural modifications induced by the acid treatment led to more extended π-electron-conjugated species endowed with more efficient electron transfer properties. These results open new perspectives toward the design of new bioinspired antioxidants for application in food, biomedicine and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.A.); (F.M.); (G.D.); (M.d.); (A.N.)
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10
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Neely KL, Macaulay KA, Hower EK, Dobler MA. Effectiveness of topical antibiotics in treating corals affected by Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9289. [PMID: 32551200 PMCID: PMC7292019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) has led to mass mortality of the majority of hard coral species on the Florida Reef Tract. Following the successful treatment of SCTLD lesions on laboratory corals using water dosed with antibiotics, two topical pastes were developed as vehicles to directly apply antibiotic treatments to wild corals. These pastes were tested as placebos and with additions of amoxicillin on active SCTLD lesions on multiple coral species. The effectiveness of the pastes without antibiotics (placebo treatments) was 4% and 9%, no different from untreated controls. Adding amoxicillin to both pastes significantly increased effectiveness to 70% and 84%. Effectiveness with this method was seen across five different coral species, with success rates of the more effective paste ranging from 67% (Colpophyllia natans) to 90% (Orbicella faveolata and Montastraea cavernosa). Topical antibiotic application is a viable and effective tool for halting disease lesions on corals affected by SCTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Neely
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Kevin A Macaulay
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Emily K Hower
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Michelle A Dobler
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
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