|
1
|
Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Hattori T, Fu S, Kondo S, Kuwahara M, Fukuhara D, Islam MM, Kataoka K, Ekuni D, Kubota S, Morita M, Iikegame M, Okamura H. Maternal Gut Microbiome Decelerates Fetal Endochondral Bone Formation by Inducing Inflammatory Reaction. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051000. [PMID: 35630443 PMCID: PMC9147398 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the maternal gut microbiome on fetal endochondral bone formation, fetuses at embryonic day 18 were obtained from germ-free (GF) and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pregnant mothers. Skeletal preparation of the fetuses’ whole bodies did not show significant morphological alterations; however, micro-CT analysis of the tibiae showed a lower bone volume fraction in the SPF tibia. Primary cultured chondrocytes from fetal SPF rib cages showed a lower cell proliferation and lower accumulation of the extracellular matrix. RNA-sequencing analysis showed the induction of inflammation-associated genes such as the interleukin (IL) 17 receptor, IL 6, and immune-response genes in SPF chondrocytes. These data indicate that the maternal gut microbiome in SPF mice affects fetal embryonic endochondral ossification, possibly by changing the expression of genes related to inflammation and the immune response in fetal cartilage. The gut microbiome may modify endochondral ossification in the fetal chondrocytes passing through the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara
- Department of Oral Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.I.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6632; Fax: +81-86-235-6634
| | - Takako Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.H.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Shanqi Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.H.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sei Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.H.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Miho Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.H.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-0914, Japan;
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (K.K.); (D.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (K.K.); (D.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (K.K.); (D.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.H.); (S.F.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (K.K.); (D.E.); (M.M.)
| | - Mika Iikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.I.); (H.O.)
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (M.I.); (H.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Ohshima H, Mishima K, Amizuka N. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2021. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:1-7. [PMID: 35143953 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Journal of Oral Biosciences is devoted to advancing and disseminating fundamental knowledge concerning every aspect of oral biosciences. HIGHLIGHT This review features review articles in the fields of "Extracellular Vesicles," "Propolis," "Odontogenic Tumors," "Periodontitis," "Periodontium," "Flavonoids," "Lactoferrin," "Dental Plaque," "Anatomy," "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells," "Bone Cell Biology," "Dysgeusia," "Dental Caries," and "Dental Pulp Cavity," in addition to the review article by the winners of the "Lion Award" ("Sox9 function in salivary gland development") presented by the Japanese Association for Oral Biology. CONCLUSION These reviews in the Journal of Oral Biosciences have inspired its readers to broaden their knowledge regarding various aspects of oral biosciences. The current editorial review introduces these exciting review articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
The role of extracellular vesicles throughout normal pregnancy and in relation to oral bacteria. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:14-22. [PMID: 33497844 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the relationship between the maternal oral environment and complicated pregnancies has been discussed in depth. The depletion of all bacterial flora, including oral bacteria, significantly decreased the size of the maternal placenta and suppressed fetal bone reabsorption. Furthermore, bacterial flora DNA of the host placenta has been reported to be remarkably similar to that of oral flora DNA. These findings indicate that maternal oral flora has a considerable effect on the formation of the placenta and fetus. HIGHLIGHT Placenta is a sophisticated tissue, in which the fetus and mother exchange substance. Placental homeostasis affects the maternal and fetal health; therefore, any disorder in this context is directly linked to serious health issues for the mother and developmental inhibition of the fetus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess and deliver various factors (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) to distant organs through intercellular crosstalk. EVs are released during natural physiological events as well as under stress conditions. EVs derived from reproductive tissues, such as the placenta, are deeply involved in all stages of pregnancy, including the maturation and survival of sperm and egg, various events during fertilization, implantation, spiral artery remodeling, and immunomodulation. CONCLUSION To date, the precise role of EVs in oral diseases, including periodontal disease, is not well understood. Nonetheless, placental EVs are likely to attract attention, in the future, to objectively evaluate the effects of periodontal disease on maternal and fetal health. Therefore, the role of EVs throughout normal pregnancy will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Machado V, Botelho J, Proença L, Mendes JJ. Comparisons of Periodontal Status between Females Referenced for Fertility Treatment and Fertile Counterparts: A Pilot Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155281. [PMID: 32707937 PMCID: PMC7432159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating the periodontal status of women seeking fertility treatment have never been conducted. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the periodontal status among females referenced to a Fertility Clinic (FC) when compared to matched females from a representative regional epidemiological sample. Our secondary aims were to investigate if periodontal clinical measures differ between these two groups of females and how they impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). We enrolled 18 women from an FC and 18 age, race and body mass index matched controls from the epidemiological survey Study of Periodontal Health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS). In each subject, we performed a circumferential periodontal inspection to infer the periodontal status and applied a questionnaire measuring OHRQoL. FC females presented higher levels of periodontal disease, with higher periodontal epithelial surface area, periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss. However, periodontal diseases did not impact OHRQoL in this particular group of women seeking fertility care, suggesting unawareness about periodontal diseases. Within the limitations of this study, females referenced for fertility treatment presented worse periodontal measures than females from a representative control sample. These preliminary results may support future prospective studies to further explore the periodontal status and possible consequences in women seeking fertility care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - João Botelho
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|