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Afzal MR, Naz M, Ashraf W, Du D. The Legacy of Plant Invasion: Impacts on Soil Nitrification and Management Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2980. [PMID: 37631191 PMCID: PMC10458916 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasions can have long-lasting impacts on soil nitrification, which plays a critical role in nutrient cycling and plant growth. This review examines the legacy effects of plant invasion on soil nitrification, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, context dependence, and implications for management. We synthesize literature on the positive, negative and neutral legacy effects of plant invasion on soil nitrification, highlighting the complexity of these effects and the need for further research to fully understand them. Positive legacy effects include increased soil microbial biomass or activity, potentially enhancing nutrient availability for plants. However, negative legacy effects, like reduced nitrifier abundance, can result in decreased soil nitrification rates and nutrient availability. In some cases, changes to nitrification during active invasion appear transitory after the removal of invasive plants, indicating neutral short-term legacies. We discuss the context dependence of legacy effects considering factors, including location, specific invasive plant species, and other environmental conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these legacy effects for management and restoration strategies, such as the removal or control of invasive plants, and potential approaches for restoring ecosystems with legacy effects on soil nitrification. Finally, we highlight future research directions, including further investigation into the mechanisms and context dependence of legacy effects, and the role of plant-microbe interactions. Overall, this review provides insights into the legacy effects of plant invasion on soil nitrification and their implications for ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahil Afzal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Waqas Ashraf
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Punjab 38850, Pakistan;
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
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Micci A, Zhang Q, Chang X, Kingsley K, Park L, Chiaranunt P, Strickland R, Velazquez F, Lindert S, Elmore M, Vines PL, Crane S, Irizarry I, Kowalski KP, Johnston-Monje D, White JF. Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060876. [PMID: 35741397 PMCID: PMC9220352 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We used light and confocal microscopy to visualize bacteria in leaf and bract cells of more than 30 species in 18 families of seed plants. We detected chemical exchanges between intracellular bacteria and plant cells. We found that endophytic bacteria that show evidence of the transfer of nitrogen to plants are present in non-photosynthetic cells of leaves and bracts of diverse plant species. Nitrogen transfer from bacteria was observed in epidermal cells, various filamentous and glandular trichomes, and other non-photosynthetic cells. The most efficient of the nitrogen-transfer endosymbioses were seen to involve glandular trichomes, as seen in hops (Humulus lupulus) and hemp (Cannabis sativa). Trichome chemistry is hypothesized to function to scavenge oxygen around bacteria to facilitate nitrogen fixation. Abstract We used light and confocal microscopy to visualize bacteria in leaf and bract cells of more than 30 species in 18 families of seed plants. Through histochemical analysis, we detected hormones (including ethylene and nitric oxide), superoxide, and nitrogenous chemicals (including nitric oxide and nitrate) around bacteria within plant cells. Bacteria were observed in epidermal cells, various filamentous and glandular trichomes, and other non-photosynthetic cells. Most notably, bacteria showing nitrate formation based on histochemical staining were present in glandular trichomes of some dicots (e.g., Humulus lupulus and Cannabis sativa). Glandular trichome chemistry is hypothesized to function to scavenge oxygen around bacteria and reduce oxidative damage to intracellular bacterial cells. Experiments to assess the differential absorption of isotopic nitrogen into plants suggest the assimilation of nitrogen into actively growing tissues of plants, where bacteria are most active and carbohydrates are more available. The leaf and bract cell endosymbiosis types outlined in this paper have not been previously reported and may be important in facilitating plant growth, development, oxidative stress resistance, and nutrient absorption into plants. It is unknown whether leaf and bract cell endosymbioses are significant in increasing the nitrogen content of plants. From the experiments that we conducted, it is impossible to know whether plant trichomes evolved specifically as organs for nitrogen fixation or if, instead, trichomes are structures in which bacteria easily colonize and where some casual nitrogen transfer may occur between bacteria and plant cells. It is likely that the endosymbioses seen in leaves and bracts are less efficient than those of root nodules of legumes in similar plants. However, the presence of endosymbioses that yield nitrate in plants could confer a reduced need for soil nitrogen and constitute increased nitrogen-use efficiency, even if the actual amount of nitrogen transferred to plant cells is small. More research is needed to evaluate the importance of nitrogen transfer within leaf and bract cells of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Micci
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.F.W.); Tel.: +848-932-6286 (J.F.W.)
| | - Qiuwei Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Xiaoqian Chang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Kathryn Kingsley
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Linsey Park
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Peerapol Chiaranunt
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Raquele Strickland
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Fernando Velazquez
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Sean Lindert
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Matthew Elmore
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Philip L. Vines
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
| | - Sharron Crane
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Ivelisse Irizarry
- School of Health and Sciences, Universidad del Sagrado Corazón, San Juan 00914, Puerto Rico;
| | - Kurt P. Kowalski
- US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - David Johnston-Monje
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Plant Microbial Ecology, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia;
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.C.); (K.K.); (L.P.); (P.C.); (R.S.); (F.V.); (S.L.); (M.E.); (P.L.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.F.W.); Tel.: +848-932-6286 (J.F.W.)
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Zheng F, Mou X, Zhang J, Zhang T, Xia L, Yin S, Wu L, Leng X, An S, Zhao D. Gradual Enhancement of the Assemblage Stability of the Reed Rhizosphere Microbiome with Recovery Time. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050937. [PMID: 35630381 PMCID: PMC9146439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoplane microbes are considered proxies for evaluating the assemblage stability of the rhizosphere in wetland ecosystems due to their roles in plant growth and ecosystem health. However, our knowledge of how microbial assemblage stability is promoted in the reed rhizosphere of wetlands undergoing recovery is limited. We investigated the assemblage stability, diversity, abundance, co-occurrence patterns, and functional characteristics of reed rhizosphere microbes in restored wetlands. The results indicated that assemblage stability significantly increased with recovery time and that the microbial assemblages were capable of resisting seasonal fluctuations after more than 20 years of restoration. The number of bacterial indicators was greater in the restoration groups with longer restoration periods. Most bacterial indicators appeared in the 30-year restoration group. However, the core taxa and keystone species of module 2 exhibited greater abundance within longer recovery periods and were well organized, with rich and diverse functions that enhanced microbial assemblage stability. Our study provides insight into the connection between the rhizosphere microbiome and recovery period and presents a useful theoretical basis for the empirical management of wetland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchao Zheng
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoming Mou
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Tiange Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Lu Xia
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Shenglai Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Lingye Wu
- Changshu Wetland Conservation and Management Station, Changshu 215500, China;
| | - Xin Leng
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuqing An
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu, Changshu 215500, China
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Z.); (X.M.); (J.Z.); (T.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (D.Z.)
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Zhou H, Ma A, Zhou X, Chen X, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Qi X, Liu G, Zhuang G. Phosphorus Shapes Soil Microbial Community Composition and Network Properties During Grassland Expansion Into Shrubs in Tibetan Dry Valleys. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848691. [PMID: 35401610 PMCID: PMC8984195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alpine ecosystem stability and biodiversity of the Tibetan plateau are facing threat from dry valley vegetation uplift expansion, a process which is highly connected to variations in the soil microbial community and soil nutrients. However, the variation of microbial community properties and their relationship to soil nutrients have scarcely been explored in Tibetan dry valleys, which is a gap that hampers understanding the dry valley ecosystem's response to vegetation change. In this study, we sampled grasslands (G), a grass-shrub transition area (T), and shrublands (S) along an uplift expansion gradient and investigated the link between microbial community properties and soil nutrients. The results showed that shrub degradation by grass expansion in Tibetan dry valley was accompanied by increasing relative phosphorus (P) limitation, which was the main driver for bacterial and fungal composition variation as it offered highest total effect on PC1 (0.38 and 0.63, respectively). Total phosphorus (TP) was in the center module of bacterial and fungal network under shrub soil and even acted as key nodes in fungal networks. During the replacement by grass, TP was gradually marginalized from both bacterial and fungal center network module and finally disappeared in networks, with ammonia and nitrate gradually appearing in the bacterial network. However, TC and total nitrogen (TN) were always present in the center modules of both fungal and bacterial network. These support that a TP variation-induced compositional and network functional shift in the microbial community was a potential reason for vegetation uplift expansion in Tibetan dry valley. This study highlighted the effect of TP on microbial community properties during dry valley vegetation uplift expansion and offered basic information on Tibetan alpine dry valley ecosystem's response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchang Zhou
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anzhou Ma
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianke Chen
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Qi
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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