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Sau AK, Dhillon MK, Tanwar AK. Diapause-induced shift in the content of major carbohydrates in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:193-202. [PMID: 38149458 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although several aspects like diapause determining factors, population structure, reproductive physiology, and genetics of diapause have been investigated, there is no clarity on carbohydrate energetics during larval diapause in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Present studies revealed significant variation between the nondiapausing and diapausing C. partellus for total carbohydrates, glycogen, sorbitol, and trehalose contents in different body parts, life stages, and for body parts × life stages interaction. Total carbohydrate content started declining, while sorbitol and trehalose increased in all the body parts as the C. partellus larvae progressed from prediapausing to diapausing state. However, glycogen content spiked in all the body parts at prediapausing stage, which then declined during diapause. Among the body parts, total carbohydrate content was significantly greater in the hemolymph as compared to other body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. Glycogen content was significantly greater in the larval fat bodies and pupal hemolymph as compared to their other body parts. In diapausing larvae, sorbitol and trehalose were greater in the integument than in other body parts. Furthermore, there was spike in trehalose and decrease in sorbitol in all the body parts of pupae from diapausing than those from nondiapausing larvae. These findings suggest that the diapause alterate and/or fluctuate major carbohydrates in different body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. This information will be helpful in better understanding the diapause energetics and overwintering metabolic cryoprotection in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Sau
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya K Tanwar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Dhillon MK, Jaba J, Mishra P, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Tanwar AK, Bharat N, Arora N, Mishra SP, Gogineni SP, Hasan F, Rai A, Kumar D, Sharma HC. Whole genome sequencing of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, reveals multiple genes encoding enzymes for detoxification of insecticides. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:611-624. [PMID: 35426546 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, is the most important constraint for increasing the production and productivity of maize and sorghum, the two major coarse cereals in Asia and Africa. The levels of resistance to this pest in the cultivated germplasm are low to moderate, and hence, farmers have to use insecticides for effective control of this pest. However, there is no information on the detoxification mechanisms in C. partellus, which is one of the constraints for deployment of appropriate insecticides to control this pest. The ability to detoxify insecticides varies across insect populations, and hence, we sequenced different populations of C. partellus to identify and understand detoxification mechanisms to devise appropriate strategies for deployment of different insecticides for controlling this pest. Larval samples were sequenced from three different cohorts of C. partellus using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The data were subjected to identify putative genes that are involved in detoxification on insecticides in our cohort insect species. These studies resulted in identification of 64 cytochrome P450 genes (CYP450s), and 36 glutathione S-transferases genes (GSTs) encoding metabolic detoxification enzymes, primarily responsible for xenobiotic metabolism in insects. A total of 183 circadian genes with > 80% homolog and 11 olfactory receptor genes that mediate chemical cues were found in the C. partellus genome. Also, target receptors related to insecticide action, 4 acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 14 γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and 15 nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) receptors were detected. This is the first report of whole genome sequencing of C. partellus useful for understanding mode of action of different insecticides, and mechanisms of detoxification and designing target-specific insecticides to develop appropriate strategies to control C. partellus for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aditya K Tanwar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nareshkumar Bharat
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Suraj Prasad Mishra
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Shyam Prasad Gogineni
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Fazil Hasan
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Hari C Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502324, Telangana, India
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Tanwar AK, Kirti JS, Kumar S, Dhillon MK. The amino acid and lipophilic profiles of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) larvae fluctuate with diapause. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:595-601. [PMID: 34185965 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Chilo partellus (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) larvae undergoes both hibernation and estivation in India. Although, much has been done on reproductive physiological aspects, little is known about biochemical changes happening during hibernation and estivation in C. partellus. Thus, we mapped changes in amino acid and lipophilic profiles of C. partellus larvae while undergoing hibernation and estivation using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. The studies revealed higher amounts of amino acids namely, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, proline, tyrosine, and methionine in estivation, while lower in hibernation as compared with nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. Furthermore, the amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine in hibernation, and threonine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and leucine in estivation were on par with nondiapause larvae. The lipophilic compounds namely, linoleic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid, and n-pentadecanol were lower in hibernation than estivation and nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. Palmitoleic acid and methyl 3-methoxytetradecanoate contents were higher in hibernation than estivation and nondiapause, while myristic acid and lathosterol contents were higher in estivation than hibernation and nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. Cholesterol content was higher, while squalene and gamma-ergostenol were lower in hibernation and estivation as compared with nondiapause larvae of C. partellus. These findings suggest that certain amino acids may be constituents of heat-shock proteins and help C. partellus during estivation. However, the lipophilic compounds could be helpful in maintaining development during hibernation and estivation in C. partellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Tanwar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Jagbir S Kirti
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Dhillon MK, Tanwar AK, Kumar S, Hasan F, Sharma S, Jaba J, Sharma HC. Biological and biochemical diversity in different biotypes of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5735. [PMID: 33707703 PMCID: PMC7970982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of variation in incidence and severity of damage by Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in different geographical regions, it is difficult to identify stable sources of resistance against this pest. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken on biological attributes (damage in resistant and susceptible genotypes, survival and development) and biochemical profiles (amino acids and lipophilic compound) of C. partellus populations from eight geographical regions to understand it's population structure in India. There was a significant variation in biological attributes and biochemical profiles of C. partellus populations from different geographical regions. Based on virulence and biological attributes, similarity index placed the C. partellus populations in five groups. Likewise, lipophilic and amino acid profiling also placed the C. partellus populations in five groups. However, the different clusters based on biological and biochemical attributes did not include populations from the same regions. Similarity index based on virulence, biological attributes, and amino acids and lipophilic profiles placed the C. partellus populations in six groups. The C. partellus populations from Hisar, Hyderabad, Parbhani and Coimbatore were distinct from each other, indicating that there are four biotypes of C. partellus in India. The results suggested that sorghum and maize genotypes need to be tested against these four populations to identify stable sources of resistance. However, there is a need for further studies to establish the restriction in gene flow through molecular approaches across geographical regions to establish the distinctiveness of different biotypes of C. partellus in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K. Dhillon
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Aditya K. Tanwar
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- grid.452695.90000 0001 2201 1649Biochemistry Laboratory, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Fazil Hasan
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Suraj Sharma
- grid.419337.b0000 0000 9323 1772International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana 502324 India
| | - Jagdish Jaba
- grid.419337.b0000 0000 9323 1772International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana 502324 India
| | - Hari C. Sharma
- grid.419337.b0000 0000 9323 1772International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana 502324 India
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