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Choi J, Jeon Y, Roh Y, Jang J, Lee E, Villamante L, Kim M, Kwon MH. The dispensability of V H-V L pairing and the indispensability of V L domain integrity in the IgG1 secretion process. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1346259. [PMID: 38756530 PMCID: PMC11096469 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1346259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The CH1 domain of IgG antibodies controls assembly and secretion, mediated by the molecular chaperone BiP via the endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control (ERQC) mechanism. However, it is not clear whether the variable domains are necessary for this process. Methods: Here, we generated IgG1 antibodies in which the V domain (VH and/or VL) was either removed or replaced, and then assessed expression, assembly, and secretion in HEK293 cells. Results: All Ig variants formed a covalent linkage between the Cγ1 and Cκ, were successfully secreted in an assembled form. Replacement of the cognate Vκ with a non-secretory pseudo Vκ (ψVκ) hindered secretion of individual or assembled secretion of neither heavy chains (HCs) nor light chains (LCs). The ψLC (ψVκ-Cκ) exhibited a less folded structure compared to the wild type (wt) LC, as evidenced by enhanced stable binding to the molecular chaperone BiP and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated dramatic alterations in overall structure of ψFab (Fd-ψLC) from wt Fab. Discussion: These findings suggest that V domains do not initiate HC:LC assembly and secretion; instead, the critical factor governing IgG assembly and secretion is the CH-CL pairing. Additionally, the structural integrity of the VL domain is crucial for IgG secretion. These data offer valuable insight into the design of bioactive molecules based on an IgG backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngin Roh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Luigie Villamante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Lee J, Choi J, Seo Y, Park G, Jeon J, Jeon Y, Lee MG, Kwon MH. A Recombinant Ig Fragment (IgCw-γεκ) Comprising the Cγ 1-Cε 2-4 and C κ Domains Is an Alternative Reagent to Human IgE. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:772-779. [PMID: 35022271 PMCID: PMC8802548 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human IgE is useful for immunological assays, such as sensitization of FcεRI-positive cells and IgE measurement. In this study, we report the development of a recombinant Ig fragment, designated IgCw-γεκ, as an alternative reagent to human IgE. IgCw-γεκ (∼130 kDa) comprises two hybrid constant H chain regions (Cγ1-Cε2-4, each ∼53 kDa) and two constant κ L chains (Cκ, each ∼12 kDa) and lacks a V domain. The presence of Cγ1 instead of Cε1 within the H chain increased the production yield and facilitated assembly of the H and L chains. IgCw-γεκ was produced in cultured human embryonic kidney 293F cells, with a yield of ∼27 mg/l. IgCw-γεκ bound to human FcεRIαRs expressed on the surface of rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. A β-hexosaminidase release assay revealed that the biological activity of IgCw-γεκ was comparable with that of IgE. The IgE concentration measured using IgCw-γεκ as a standard was similar to that measured using IgE as a standard. These results suggest that the IgCw-γεκ molecule retains the basic characteristics of IgE, but does not cross-react with Ags, making it an alternative to the IgE isotype references used in a variety of immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; and
| | - Juho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; and
| | - Youngsil Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gyeseo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; and
| | - Jinah Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; and
| | - Yerin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; and
| | - Mi-Gi Lee
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; and
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Kong Y, Zeng K, Zhang Y, Shao J, Yan J, Liao JY, Wang W, Dai X, Weng Q, Yao SQ, Zeng S, Qian L. In vivo targeted delivery of antibodies into cancer cells with pH-responsive cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1314-1317. [PMID: 35005760 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06840g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDs) are promising vehicles for cytosolic delivery of proteins. However, currently available arginine-rich CPD has rarely been reported for systemic delivery due to its "always" positive charge. Herein, we developed pH-responsive CPDIMD that executes tumor targeting delivery via protonation of imidazole groups within the acidic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Kong
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kui Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jinning Shao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Rattanapisit K, Kitisripanya T, Konyanee A, Sae-Foo W, Burapapiruin A, Putalun W, Sakamoto S, Phoolcharoen W, Yusakul G. Plant-made antibody against miroestrol: a new platform for expression of full-length immunoglobulin G against small-molecule targets in immunoassays. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:723-733. [PMID: 33582859 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Plant expression platform is the new source of immunoglobulin G (IgG) toward small low-molecular-weight targets. The plant-made monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay exhibits comparable analytical performance with hybridoma antibody. Immunoassays for small molecules are efficiently applied for monitoring of serum therapeutic drug concentration, food toxins, environmental contamination, etc. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is usually produced using hybridoma cells, which requires complicated procedures and expensive equipment. Plants can act as alternative and economic hosts for IgG production. However, the production of free hapten (low-molecular-weight target)-recognizing IgG from plants has not been successfully developed yet. The current study aimed at creating a plant platform as an affordable source of IgG for use in immunoassays and diagnostic tools. The functional IgG was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 with recombinant geminiviral vectors (pBY3R) occupying chimeric anti-miroestrol IgG genes. The appropriate assembly between heavy and light chains was achieved, and the yield of expression was 0.57 µg/g fresh N. benthamiana leaves. The binding characteristics of the IgG to miroestrol and binding specificity to related compounds, such as isomiroestrol and deoxymiroestrol, were similar to those of hybridoma-produced IgG (monoclonal antibody, mAb). The plant-based mAbs exhibited high sensitivity for miroestrol (IC50, 23.2 ± 2.1 ng/mL), precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 5.01%), and accuracy (97.8-103% recovery), as determined using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applicable to determine miroestrol in plant samples. Overall, the plant-produced functional IgG conserved the binding activity and specificity of the parent IgG derived from mammalian cells. Therefore, the plant expression system may be an efficient and affordable platform for the production of antibodies against low-molecular-weight targets in immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaewta Rattanapisit
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Atthaphon Konyanee
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Worapol Sae-Foo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apisit Burapapiruin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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