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Supplee JG, Affronti HC, Duan R, Brooks RC, Stine ZE, Nguyen PTT, Pinheiro LV, Noji MC, Drummond JM, Huang K, Schultz K, Dang CV, Marmorstein R, Wellen KE. ACLY alternative splicing correlates with cancer phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107418. [PMID: 38815867 PMCID: PMC11260853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) links carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and provides nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA for protein acetylation. ACLY has two major splice isoforms: the full-length canonical "long" isoform and an uncharacterized "short" isoform in which exon 14 is spliced out. Exon 14 encodes 10 amino acids within an intrinsically disordered region and includes at least one dynamically phosphorylated residue. Both isoforms are expressed in healthy tissues to varying degrees. Analysis of human transcriptomic data revealed that the percent spliced in (PSI) of exon 14 is increased in several cancers and correlated with poorer overall survival in a pan-cancer analysis, though not in individual tumor types. This prompted us to explore potential biochemical and functional differences between ACLY isoforms. Here, we show that there are no discernible differences in enzymatic activity or stability between isoforms or phosphomutants of ACLY in vitro. Similarly, both isoforms and phosphomutants were able to rescue ACLY functions, including fatty acid synthesis and bulk histone acetylation, when re-expressed in Acly knockout cells. Deletion of Acly exon 14 in mice did not overtly impact development or metabolic physiology nor did it attenuate tumor burden in a genetic model of intestinal cancer. Notably, expression of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is highly correlated with ACLY PSI. We report that ACLY splicing is regulated by ESRP1. In turn, both ESRP1 expression and ACLY PSI are correlated with specific immune signatures in tumors. Despite these intriguing patterns of ACLY splicing in healthy and cancer tissues, functional differences between the isoforms remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna G Supplee
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hayley C Affronti
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard Duan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Phuong T T Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura V Pinheiro
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Noji
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jack M Drummond
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kollin Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronen Marmorstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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DeLucia B, Samorezov S, Zangara MT, Markley RL, Osborn LJ, Schultz KB, McDonald C, Claesen J. A 3D-printable device allowing fast and reproducible longitudinal preparation of mouse intestines. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:189-196. [PMID: 35415968 PMCID: PMC9043725 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reproducible analysis of murine small and large intestinal tissue is key for preclinical models involving intestinal pathology. Currently, there is no easily accessible, standardized method that allows researchers of different skill levels to consistently dissect intestines in a time-efficient manner. Here, we describe the design and use of the 3D-printed "Mouse Intestinal Slicing Tool" (MIST), which can be used to longitudinally dissect murine intestines for further analysis. We benchmarked the MIST against a commonly used procedure involving scissors to make a longitudinal cut along the intestines. Use of the MIST halved the time per mouse to prepare the intestines and outperformed alternative methods in smoothness of the cutting edge and overall reproducibility. By sharing the plans for printing the MIST, we hope to contribute a uniformly applicable method for saving time and increasing consistency in studies of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beckey DeLucia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sergey Samorezov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Megan T. Zangara
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Rachel L. Markley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Karlee B. Schultz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- College of Arts and SciencesJohn Carroll UniversityUniversity HeightsOhioUSA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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