1
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Huang FL, Zou GJ, Wang LF, He X, Zhang BC, Yang ZH. Open-field exploration immediately before the retention test impairs retrieval and spaced fear extinction of contextual fear memory. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115260. [PMID: 39303990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
According to the behavioral tagging theory, various stages of fear memory, such as contextual fear conditioning, memory retrieval, and fear extinction, can be facilitated by the exploration of a novel open field (OF). A critical time window of efficacy exists for this process. Novel exploration closely adjacent to weak learning may interfere with the setting of the learning tag, leading to a negative effect. In this mouse study, we consistently showed that exposure to a novel or familiar OF immediately prior to the retention test impaired the retrieval of long-term contextual fear memory. However, OF exposure had no effect on the retrieval of recent or remote cued fear memory or short-term contextual fear memory or the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. In addition, OF exposure impaired spaced but not massed extinction of contextual fear memory. These results suggest that interfering stimulus may result in the transient forgetting of fear memory; however, temporary loss of fear may lead to retention failure of fear extinction. The results of this study are an important complement to the behavioral tagging theory and may provide new guidance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lian Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China.
| | - Guang-Jing Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lai-Fa Wang
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China
| | - Bi-Chao Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China
| | - Ze-Hua Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China.
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2
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Shi P, Chen W, Li J, Weng Y, Zhang M, Zheng X. Novelty-retrieval-extinction paradigm to decrease high-intensity fear memory recurrence. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:26-35. [PMID: 38452938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retrieval-extinction paradigm based on memory reconsolidation can prevent fear memory recurrence more effectively than the extinction paradigm. High-intensity fear memories tend to resist reconsolidation. Novelty-retrieval-extinction can promote the reconsolidation of fear memory lacking neuroplasticity in rodents; however, whether it could effectively promote high-intensity fear memory reconsolidation in humans remains unclear. METHODS Using 120 human participants, we implemented the use of the environment (novel vs. familiar) with the help of virtual reality technology. Novelty environment exploration was combined with retrieval-extinction in fear memory of two intensity levels (normal vs. high) to examine whether novelty facilitates the reconsolidation of high-intensity fear memory and prevents recurrence. Skin conductance responses were used to clarify novelty-retrieval-extinction effects at the behavioral level across three experiments. RESULTS Retrieval-extinction could prevent the reinstatement of normal-intensity fear memory; however, for high-intensity fear memory, only the novelty-retrieval-extinction could prevent recurrence; we further validated that novelty-retrieval-extinction may be effective only when the environment is novel. LIMITATIONS Although the high-intensity fear memory is higher than normal-intensity in this study, it may be insufficient relative to fear experienced in real-world contexts or by individuals with mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS To some extent, these findings indicate that the novelty-retrieval-extinction paradigm could prevent the recurrence of high-intensity fear memory, and we infer that novelty of environment may play an important role in novelty-retrieval-extinction paradigm. The results of this study have positive implications for the existing retrieval extinction paradigm and the clinical treatment of phobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shi
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- College of Teacher Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Weng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Coda DM, Gräff J. From cellular to fear memory: An epigenetic toolbox to remember. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 84:102829. [PMID: 38128422 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Throughout development, the neuronal epigenome is highly sensitive to external stimuli, yet capable of safeguarding cellular memory for a lifetime. In the adult brain, memories of fearful experiences are rapidly instantiated, yet can last for decades, but the mechanisms underlying such longevity remain unknown. Here, we showcase how fear memory formation and storage - traditionally thought to exclusively affect synapse-based events - elicit profound and enduring changes to the chromatin, proposing epigenetic regulation as a plausible molecular template for mnemonic processes. By comparing these to mechanisms occurring in development and differentiation, we notice that an epigenetic machinery similar to that preserving cellular memories might be employed by brain cells so as to form, store, and retrieve behavioral memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martino Coda
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Deng J, Lin X, Zheng Y, Su S, Liu X, Yuan K, Shi L, Bao Y, Lu L. Manipulating critical memory periods to treat psychiatry disorders. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2477-2486. [PMID: 37689533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of pathological memory is the basis of several psychiatric disorders. Memory retrieval induces "reconsolidation", a time interval during which the original memory becomes labile and destabilized. Time- and retrieval-dependent processes and memory reconsolidation are critical periods for memory interference. Modulating memory reconsolidation has received considerable research attention as a treatment protocol for several psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder, addiction, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. This specific time window provides an opportunity for intervention regarding mental diseases. This article reviews the effect of modulating memory reconsolidation using behavioral-, brain stimulation-, and pharmacological-based interventions, which may help bridge the gap between intervention in laboratories and application in clinical practice. The potential advantages, limitations, challenges, and opportunities for memory reconsolidation manipulations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Deng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongbo Zheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sizhen Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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5
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Silva BA, Gräff J. Face your fears: attenuating remote fear memories by reconsolidation-updating. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:404-416. [PMID: 36813591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic events generate some of the most enduring memories, yet little is known about how long-lasting fear memories can be attenuated. In this review, we collect the surprisingly sparse evidence on remote fear memory attenuation from both animal and human research. What is becoming apparent is twofold: although remote fear memories are more resistant to change compared with recent ones, they can nevertheless be attenuated when interventions are targeted toward the period of memory malleability instigated by memory recall, the reconsolidation window. We describe the physiological mechanisms underlying remote reconsolidation-updating approaches and highlight how they can be enhanced through interventions promoting synaptic plasticity. By capitalizing on an intrinsically relevant phase of memory, reconsolidation-updating harbors the potential to permanently alter remote fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Silva
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
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6
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Jardine KH, Huff AE, Wideman CE, McGraw SD, Winters BD. The evidence for and against reactivation-induced memory updating in humans and nonhuman animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104598. [PMID: 35247380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of reactivation-induced memory updating began in the 1960s, and a wave of research in this area followed the seminal articulation of "reconsolidation" theory in the early 2000s. Myriad studies indicate that memory reactivation can cause previously consolidated memories to become labile and sensitive to weakening, strengthening, or other forms of modification. However, from its nascent period to the present, the field has been beset by inconsistencies in researchers' abilities to replicate seemingly established effects. Here we review these many studies, synthesizing the human and nonhuman animal literature, and suggest that these failures-to-replicate reflect a highly complex and delicately balanced memory modification system, the substrates of which must be finely tuned to enable adaptive memory updating while limiting maladaptive, inaccurate modifications. A systematic approach to the entire body of evidence, integrating positive and null findings, will yield a comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of long-term memory storage and the potential for harnessing modification processes to treat mental disorders driven by pervasive maladaptive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Jardine
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Ethan Huff
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cassidy E Wideman
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shelby D McGraw
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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7
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Netto CA. Role of brain Β-endorphin in memory modulation revisited. Neuroscience 2022; 497:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Koffman EE, Kruse CM, Singh K, Naghavi FS, Curtis MA, Egbo J, Houdi M, Lin B, Lu H, Debiec J, Du J. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a regulates the specificity of reconsolidation of conditioned threat responses. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155341. [PMID: 35025766 PMCID: PMC8876458 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on altering threat memory has focused on a reconsolidation window. During reconsolidation, threat memories are retrieved and become labile. Reconsolidation of distinct threat memories is synapse dependent, whereas the underlying regulatory mechanism of the specificity of reconsolidation is poorly understood. We designed a unique behavioral paradigm in which a distinct threat memory can be retrieved through the associated conditioned stimulus. In addition, we proposed a regulatory mechanism by which the activation of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) strengthens the distinct memory trace associated with the memory reconsolidation to determine its specificity. The activation of ASICs by CO2 inhalation, when paired with memory retrieval, triggers the reactivation of the distinct memory trace, resulting in greater memory lability. ASICs potentiate the memory trace by altering the amygdala-dependent synaptic transmission and plasticity at selectively targeted synapses. Our results suggest that inhaling CO2 during the retrieval event increases the lability of a threat memory through a synapse-specific reconsolidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Koffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Charles M Kruse
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Kritika Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Farzaneh Sadat Naghavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Melissa A Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Egbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Mark Houdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Boren Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, United States of America
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jacek Debiec
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jianyang Du
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States of America
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9
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Justel N, Salguero A, Marengo L, Psyrdellis M, Pautassi RM. Open field exposure facilitates the expression of a spatial, recognition memory. Neurosci Lett 2021; 757:135997. [PMID: 34058293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Novelty seems to reduce the persistence of aversive memories and to modulate frustration responses, yet much less is known on how this treatment affects memories lacking hedonic or emotional content. The present study analyzed how a 5-min exposure to a novel open field modulated the expression of a spatial recognition memory. Experiment 1 indicated that male Wistar rats trained in a T-maze in which one goal arm is blocked exhibit, when tested 2 h later, preference for the novel arm. This recognition memory was impaired by the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. Postraining, but not pretraining, novelty exposure rescued the cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine (Experiment 2 and 3). Pretraining open field exposure alleviated the lack of memory expression, induced by imposing a 6 h delay between training and testing (Experiment 4). The study shows that a very brief exposure to novelty can improve expression of a spatial, recognition memory, a modulation that - in the case of the pretraining novelty exposure -- emerges even in spite of cholinergic blockade. The present results are consistent with research suggesting that novelty exposure can be an effective, non-pharmacological, treatment to modulate memory expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Justel
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada (PSEA), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Agustín Salguero
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC), CONICET Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - Leonardo Marengo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC), CONICET Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - Mariana Psyrdellis
- Laboratorio de Psicología Experimental y Aplicada (PSEA), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC), CONICET Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina.
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