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Gu Z, Lin S, Yu J, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xia K, Chen L, Li Y, He B. Advances in dual-targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116571. [PMID: 38857566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an essential regulator of histone acetylation processes, exerting influence on a multitude of cellular functions such as cell motility, endocytosis, autophagy, apoptosis, and protein trafficking through its deacetylation activity. The significant implications of HDAC6 in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune disorders have motivated extensive investigation into the development of specific inhibitors targeting this enzyme for therapeutic purposes. Single targeting drugs carry the risk of inducing drug resistance, thus prompting exploration of dual targeting therapy which offers the potential to impact multiple signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby lowering the likelihood of resistance development. While pharmacological studies have exhibited promise in combined therapy involving HDAC6, challenges related to potential drug interactions exist. In response to these challenges, researchers are investigating HDAC6 hybrid molecules which enable the concomitant targeting of HDAC6 and other key proteins, thus enhancing treatment efficacy while mitigating side effects and reducing the risk of resistance compared to traditional combination therapies. The published design strategies for dual targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 are summarized and discussed in this review. This will provide some valuable insights into more novel HDAC6 dual targeting inhibitors to meet the urgent need for innovative therapies in oncology and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Shuxian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Keli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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2
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Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Fu J, Zhang J, Shao H, Liu S, Lai J, Zhou X, Liang R, Jia L, Cui W, Yang J, Wu C, Wang L. KDM1A, a potent and selective target, for the treatment of DNMT3A-deficient non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02772-x. [PMID: 38951697 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNMT3A is a crucial epigenetic regulation enzyme. However, due to its heterogeneous nature and frequent mutation in various cancers, the role of DNMT3A remains controversial. Here, we determine the role of DNMT3A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to identify potential treatment strategies. METHODS To investigate the role of loss-of-function mutations of DNMT3A in NSCLC, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to induce DNMT3A-inactivating mutations. Epigenetic inhibitor library was screened to find the synthetic lethal partner of DNMT3A. Both pharmacological inhibitors and gene manipulation were used to evaluate the synthetic lethal efficacy of DNMT3A/KDM1A in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, MS-PCR, ChIP-qPCR, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and clinical sample analysis were applied to elucidate the regulation mechanism of synthetic lethal interaction. RESULTS We identified DNMT3A is a tumour suppressor gene in NSCLC and KDM1A as a synthetic lethal partner of DNMT3A deletion. Both chemical KDM1A inhibitors and gene manipulation can selectively reduce the viability of DNMT3A-KO cells through inducing cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We clarified that the synthetic lethality is not only limited to the death mode, but also involved into tumour metastasis. Mechanistically, DNMT3A deficiency induces KDM1A upregulation through reducing the methylation status of the KDM1A promoter and analysis of clinical samples indicated that DNMT3A expression was negatively correlated with KDM1A level. CONCLUSION Our results provide new insight into the role of DNMT3A in NSCLC and elucidate the mechanism of synthetic lethal interaction between KDM1A and DNMT3A, which might represent a promising approach for treating patients with DNMT3A-deficient tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinjiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shougeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiacheng Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ruijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Tretbar M, Schliehe-Diecks J, von Bredow L, Tan K, Roatsch M, Tu JW, Kemkes M, Sönnichsen M, Schöler A, Borkhardt A, Bhatia S, Hansen FK. Preferential HDAC6 inhibitors derived from HPOB exhibit synergistic antileukemia activity in combination with decitabine. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116447. [PMID: 38714044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an emerging drug target to treat oncological and non-oncological conditions. Since highly selective HDAC6 inhibitors display limited anticancer activity when used as single agent, they usually require combination therapies with other chemotherapeutics. In this work, we synthesized a mini library of analogues of the preferential HDAC6 inhibitor HPOB in only two steps via an Ugi four-component reaction as the key step. Biochemical HDAC inhibition and cell viability assays led to the identification of 1g (highest antileukemic activity) and 2b (highest HDAC6 inhibition) as hit compounds. In subsequent combination screens, both 1g and especially 2b showed synergy with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our findings highlight the potential of combining HDAC6 inhibitors with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as a strategy to improve AML treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Tretbar
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas von Bredow
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Roatsch
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jia-Wey Tu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marie Kemkes
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melf Sönnichsen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Schöler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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Wang G, Yan J, Tian H, Li B, Yu X, Feng Y, Li W, Zhou S, Dai Y. Dual-Epigenetically Relieving the MYC-Correlated Immunosuppression via an Advanced Nano-Radiosensitizer Potentiates Cancer Immuno-Radiotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312588. [PMID: 38316447 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells can upregulate the MYC expression to repair the radiotherapy-triggered DNA damage, aggravating therapeutic resistance and tumor immunosuppression. Epigenetic treatment targeting the MYC-transcriptional abnormality may intensively solve this clinical problem. Herein, 5-Aza (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) and ITF-2357 (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) are engineered into a tungsten-based nano-radiosensitizer (PWAI), to suppress MYC rising and awaken robust radiotherapeutic antitumor immunity. Individual 5-Aza depletes MYC expression but cannot efficiently awaken radiotherapeutic immunity. This drawback can be overcome by the addition of ITF-2357, which triggers cancer cellular type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. Coupling 5-Aza with ITF-2357 ensures that PWAI does not evoke the treated model with high MYC-related immune resistance while amplifying the radiotherapeutic tumor killing, and more importantly promotes the generation of IFN-I signal-related proteins involving IFN-α and IFN-β. Unlike the radiation treatment alone, PWAI-triggered immuno-radiotherapy remarkably enhances antitumor immune responses involving the tumor antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and improves intratumoral recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their memory-phenotype formation in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Downgrading the radiotherapy-induced MYC overexpression via the dual-epigenetic reprogramming strategy may elicit a robust immuno-radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bei Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinying Yu
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yuzhao Feng
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Songtao Zhou
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Guo F, Liu H, Hong L. Enhancing wound healing and overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14569. [PMID: 38158767 PMCID: PMC10961880 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) poses significant oncological challenges, notably impaired wound healing in the context of cisplatin (DDP) resistance. This study investigates the role of miR-200b in OC, emphasizing its impact on wound healing processes through DNMT3A/TGF-β1 pathway. The primary aim was to explore how miR-200b regulates autophagy and its consequential effects on wound healing in OC, alongside its influence on cisplatin resistance. Utilizing DDP-sensitive (A2780) and resistant (A2780/DDP) OC cell lines, along with human fibroblast cultures, the study employed an array of in vitro techniques. These included cell transfection with miR-200b mimic or inhibitor, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays, quantitative PCR, Western blotting, MTT and particularly, wound healing assays. The research highlighted the role of miR-200b in wound healing within OC. Inhibition of miR-200b in A2780 cells and its mimic in A2780/DDP cells affected cell viability, indicating the link with DDP resistance. Crucially, miR-200b mimic significantly delayed fibroblast-mediated wound closure in assays, underscoring its impact on wound healing. Bioinformatics analysis and subsequent DLR assays confirmed miR-200b's interaction with DNMT3A, affecting TGF-β1 expression, the key factor in wound repair. Further, ChIP, quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses validated the interaction and expression changes in DNMT3A and TGF-β1. The study demonstrated that miR-200b played a pivotal role in OC by modulating autophagy, which in turn significantly affected wound healing through the DNMT3A/TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fengqin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Ye C, Jiang N, Zheng J, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhou J. Epigenetic therapy: Research progress of decitabine in the treatment of solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189066. [PMID: 38163523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Decitabine's early successful therapeutic outcomes in hematologic malignancies have led to regulatory approvals from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for addressing myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These approvals have sparked keen interest in exploring the potential of decitabine for treating solid tumors. Continuous preclinical and clinical trials have proved that low doses of decitabine also bring benefits in treating solid tumors, and various proposed mechanisms attempt to explain the potential efficacy. It is important to note that the application of decitabine in solid tumors is still considered investigational. This article reviews the application mechanism and current status of decitabine in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Ye
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianya Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Thng DKH, Hooi L, Siew BE, Lee KY, Tan IJW, Lieske B, Lin NS, Kow AWC, Wang S, Rashid MBMA, Ang C, Koh JJM, Toh TB, Tan KK, Chow EKH. A functional personalised oncology approach against metastatic colorectal cancer in matched patient derived organoids. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:52. [PMID: 38413740 PMCID: PMC10899621 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently occurring cancer. Progression on to an advanced metastatic malignancy (metCRC) is often indicative of poor prognosis, as the 5-year survival rates of patients decline rapidly. Despite the availability of many systemic therapies for the management of metCRC, the long-term efficacies of these regimens are often hindered by the emergence of treatment resistance due to intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity. Furthermore, not all systemic therapies have associated biomarkers that can accurately predict patient responses. Hence, a functional personalised oncology (FPO) approach can enable the identification of patient-specific combinatorial vulnerabilities and synergistic combinations as effective treatment strategies. To this end, we established a panel of CRC patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as clinically relevant biological systems, of which three pairs of matched metCRC PDOs were derived from the primary sites (ptCRC) and metastatic lesions (mCRC). Histological and genomic characterisation of these PDOs demonstrated the preservation of histopathological and genetic features found in the parental tumours. Subsequent application of the phenotypic-analytical drug combination interrogation platform, Quadratic Phenotypic Optimisation Platform, in these pairs of PDOs identified patient-specific drug sensitivity profiles to epigenetic-based combination therapies. Most notably, matched PDOs from one patient exhibited differential sensitivity patterns to the rationally designed drug combinations despite being genetically similar. These findings collectively highlight the limitations of current genomic-driven precision medicine in guiding treatment strategies for metCRC patients. Instead, it suggests that epigenomic profiling and application of FPO could complement the identification of novel combinatorial vulnerabilities to target synchronous ptCRC and mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei En Siew
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai-Yin Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian Jse-Wei Tan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Lieske
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norman Sihan Lin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alfred Wei Chieh Kow
- Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chermaine Ang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmin Jia Min Koh
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Biersack B, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Immunomodulatory properties of HDAC6 inhibitors in cancer diseases: New chances for sophisticated drug design and treatment optimization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:286-294. [PMID: 36127263 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for the design of anticancer drugs. HDAC6 is of particular interest since it is a cytoplasmic HDAC regulating the acetylation state of cancer-relevant cytoplasmic proteins such as tubulin, Hsp90, p53, and others. HDAC6 also influences the immune system, and the combination of HDAC6 inhibitors with immune therapy showed promising anticancer results. In addition, the design of new HDAC6 inhibitors led to potent anticancer drugs with immunomodulatory activities. This review describes the current state of play, and the recent developments in the research on the interactions of HDAC6 inhibitors with the immune system, and the development of new HDAC6 inhibitors with immunomodulatory activities to improve the therapy options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Zhu D, Zeng S, Su C, Li J, Xuan Y, Lin Y, Xu E, Fan Q. The interaction between DNA methylation and tumor immune microenvironment: from the laboratory to clinical applications. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:24. [PMID: 38331927 PMCID: PMC10854038 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a pivotal epigenetic modification that affects gene expression. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) comprises diverse immune cells and stromal components, creating a complex landscape that can either promote or inhibit tumor progression. In the TIME, DNA methylation has been shown to play a critical role in influencing immune cell function and tumor immune evasion. DNA methylation regulates immune cell differentiation, immune responses, and TIME composition Targeting DNA methylation in TIME offers various potential avenues for enhancing immune cytotoxicity and reducing immunosuppression. Recent studies have demonstrated that modification of DNA methylation patterns can promote immune cell infiltration and function. However, challenges persist in understanding the precise mechanisms underlying DNA methylation in the TIME, developing selective epigenetic therapies, and effectively integrating these therapies with other antitumor strategies. In conclusion, DNA methylation of both tumor cells and immune cells interacts with the TIME, and thus affects clinical efficacy. The regulation of DNA methylation within the TIME holds significant promise for the advancement of tumor immunotherapy. Addressing these challenges is crucial for harnessing the full potential of epigenetic interventions to enhance antitumor immune responses and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, No.111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Siying Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiwen Xuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, No.111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Yongkai Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Enwu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, No.111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
| | - Qin Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023 Shatai North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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10
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Jha S, Kim JH, Kim M, Nguyen AH, Ali KH, Gupta SK, Park SY, Ha E, Seo YH. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of HDAC6 inhibitors targeting L1 loop and serine 531 residue. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116057. [PMID: 38142511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones, leading to the silencing of genes. Targeting specific isoforms of HDACs has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy, as it can overcome drawbacks associated with pan-HDAC inhibitors. HDAC6 is a unique HDAC isoform that deacetylates non-histone proteins and is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It also has two catalytic domains and a zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (Zf-UBD) unlike other HDACs. HDAC6 plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell motility, protein degradation, cell proliferation, and transcription. Hence, the deregulation of HDAC6 is associated with various malignancies. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a series of HDAC6 inhibitors. We evaluated the synthesized compounds by HDAC enzyme assay and identified that compound 8g exhibited an IC50 value of 21 nM and 40-fold selective activity towards HDAC6. We also assessed the effect of compound 8g on various cell lines and determined its ability to increase protein acetylation levels by Western blotting. Furthermore, the increased acetylation of α-tubulin resulted in microtubule polymerization and changes in cell morphology. Our molecular docking study supported these findings by demonstrating that compound 8g binds well to the catalytic pocket via L1 loop of HDAC6 enzyme. Altogether, compound 8g represents a preferential HDAC6 inhibitor that could serve as a lead for the development of more potent and specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Jha
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
| | - Ai-Han Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
| | - Khan Hashim Ali
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
| | - Sun You Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), 41061, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea.
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea.
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11
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Gu M, Ren B, Fang Y, Ren J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhou F, Xiao R, Luo X, You L, Zhao Y. Epigenetic regulation in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e495. [PMID: 38374872 PMCID: PMC10876210 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are defined as heritable changes in gene activity that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence. The oncogenic process is driven by the accumulation of alterations that impact genome's structure and function. Genetic mutations, which directly disrupt the DNA sequence, are complemented by epigenetic modifications that modulate gene expression, thereby facilitating the acquisition of malignant characteristics. Principals among these epigenetic changes are shifts in DNA methylation and histone mark patterns, which promote tumor development and metastasis. Notably, the reversible nature of epigenetic alterations, as opposed to the permanence of genetic changes, positions the epigenetic machinery as a prime target in the discovery of novel therapeutics. Our review delves into the complexities of epigenetic regulation, exploring its profound effects on tumor initiation, metastatic behavior, metabolic pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. We place a particular emphasis on the dysregulation at each level of epigenetic modulation, including but not limited to, the aberrations in enzymes responsible for DNA methylation and histone modification, subunit loss or fusions in chromatin remodeling complexes, and the disturbances in higher-order chromatin structure. Finally, we also evaluate therapeutic approaches that leverage the growing understanding of chromatin dysregulation, offering new avenues for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Gu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Feihan Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Ruiling Xiao
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiyuan Luo
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic TumorChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingP. R. China
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12
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Wen Y, Ye S, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu C, Wu Y, Zheng R, Xu C, Tian J, Shu L, Yan Q, Ai F, Ma J. HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-1215 enhances STAT1 acetylation to block PD-L1 for colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:7. [PMID: 38231305 PMCID: PMC10794344 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The search for effective combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has become important for cancer patients who do not respond to the ICI well. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors have attracted wide attention as anti-tumor agents. ACY-1215 is a selective inhibitor of HDAC6, which can inhibit the growth of a variety of tumor. We previously revealed that HDAC family is highly expressed in colorectal cancer specimens and mouse models. In this study, ACY-1215 was combined with anti-PD1 to treat tumor-bearing mice associated with colorectal cancer. ACY-1215 combined with anti-PD1 effectively inhibited the colorectal tumor growth. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor of mice were inhibited by ACY-1215 and anti-PD1 combination treatment, whereas some biomarkers reflecting T cell activation were upregulated. In a co-culture system of T cells and tumor cells, ACY-1215 helped T cells to kill tumor cells. Mechanically, HDAC6 enhanced the acetylation of STAT1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1, thus preventing STAT1 from entering the nucleus to activate PD-L1 transcription. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of HDAC6 on non-histone substrates, especially on protein acetylation. HDAC6 inhibitors may be of great significance in tumor immunotherapy and related combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Run Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxiao Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junrui Tian
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjun Shu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyan Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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13
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Coley AK, Lu C, Pankaj A, Emmett MJ, Lang ER, Song Y, Xu KH, Xu N, Patel BK, Chougule A, Nieman LT, Aryee MJ, Ferrone CR, Deshpande V, Franses JW, Ting DT. Dysregulated Repeat Element Viral-like Immune Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.570014. [PMID: 38105940 PMCID: PMC10723373 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.570014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulation of viral-like repeat RNAs are a common feature across many malignancies that are linked with immunological response, but the characterization of these in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is understudied. In this study, we performed RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) of different repeat RNAs, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for immune cell subpopulations, and spatial transcriptomics to understand the relationship of HCC repeat expression, immune response, and clinical outcomes. Experimental Design RNA-ISH for LINE1, HERV-K, HERV-H, and HSATII repeats and IHC for T-cell, Treg, B-cell, macrophage, and immune checkpoint markers were performed on 43 resected HCC specimens. Spatial transcriptomics on tumor and vessel regions of interest was performed on 28 specimens from the same cohort. Results High HERV-K and high LINE1 expression were both associated with worse overall survival. There was a positive correlation between LINE1 expression and FOXP3 T-regulatory cells (r = 0.51 p < 0.001) as well as expression of the TIM3 immune checkpoint (r = 0.34, p = 0.03). Spatial transcriptomic profiling of HERV-K high and LINE-1 high tumors identified elevated expression of multiple genes previously associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition, cellular proliferation, and worse overall prognosis in HCC including SSX1, MAGEC2, and SPINK1. Conclusion Repeat RNAs may serve as useful prognostic biomarkers in HCC and may also serve as novel therapeutic targets. Additional study is needed to understand the mechanisms by which repeat RNAs impact HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril K. Coley
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chenyue Lu
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
- Health Sciences and Technology Program; Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amaya Pankaj
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Emmett
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan R. Lang
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yuhui Song
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Katherine H. Xu
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Nova Xu
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bidish K. Patel
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Abhijit Chougule
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Linda T. Nieman
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Martin J. Aryee
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT; Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph W. Franses
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Health Sciences and Technology Program; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T. Ting
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Health Sciences and Technology Program; Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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Ghosh A, Himaja A, Biswas S, Kulkarni O, Ghosh B. Advances in the Delivery and Development of Epigenetic Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5981-6009. [PMID: 37899551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression at the transcriptional level is altered by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone methylation, and acetylation, which can upregulate, downregulate, or entirely silence genes. Pathological dysregulation of epigenetic processes can result in the development of cancer, neurological problems, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. It is of promising therapeutic interest to find medications that target these epigenetic alterations. Despite the enormous amount of work that has been done in this area, very few molecules have been approved for clinical purposes. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in epigenetic therapeutics for cancer, with a specific focus on emerging delivery and development strategies. Various delivery systems, including pro-drugs, conjugated molecules, nanoparticles (NPs), and liposomes, as well as remedial strategies such as combination therapies, and epigenetic editing, are being investigated to improve the efficacy and specificity of epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs). Furthermore, the challenges associated with available epi-drugs and the limitations of their translation into clinics have been discussed. Target selection, isoform selectivity, physiochemical properties of synthesized molecules, drug screening, and scalability of epi-drugs from preclinical to clinical fields are the major shortcomings that are addressed. This Review discusses novel strategies for the identification of new biomarkers, exploration of the medicinal chemistry of epigenetic modifiers, optimization of the dosage regimen, and design of proper clinical trials that will lead to better utilization of epigenetic modifiers over conventional therapies. The integration of these approaches holds great potential for improving the efficacy and precision of epigenetic treatments, ultimately benefiting cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Ambati Himaja
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Onkar Kulkarni
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
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15
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Wu X, Li T, Jiang R, Yang X, Guo H, Yang R. Targeting MHC-I molecules for cancer: function, mechanism, and therapeutic prospects. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:194. [PMID: 38041084 PMCID: PMC10693139 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecules of Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) load peptides and present them on the cell surface, which provided the immune system with the signal to detect and eliminate the infected or cancerous cells. In the context of cancer, owing to the crucial immune-regulatory roles played by MHC-I molecules, the abnormal modulation of MHC-I expression and function could be hijacked by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance and attack, thereby promoting tumoral progression and impairing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here we reviewed and discussed the recent studies and discoveries related to the MHC-I molecules and their multidirectional functions in the development of cancer, mainly focusing on the interactions between MHC-I and the multiple participators in the tumor microenvironment and highlighting the significance of targeting MHC-I for optimizing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature and functioning mechanism of MHC-I in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianhang Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Pirkey AC, Deng W, Norman D, Razazan A, Klinke DJ. Head-to-Head Comparison of CCN4, DNMT3A, PTPN11, and SPARC as Suppressors of Anti-tumor Immunity. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:431-442. [PMID: 38099213 PMCID: PMC10716093 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emergent cancer cells likely secrete factors that inhibit anti-tumor immunity. To identify such factors, we applied a functional assay with proteomics to an immunotherapy resistant syngeneic mouse melanoma model. Four secreted factors were identified that potentially mediate immunosuppression and could become targets for novel immunotherapies. We tested for consistent clinical correlates in existing human data and verified in vivo whether knocking out tumor cell production of these factors improved immune-mediated control of tumor growth. Methods Existing human data was analyzed for clinical correlates. A CRISPR/Cas9 approach to generate knockout cell lines and a kinetic analysis leveraging a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach quantified the various knockouts' effect on cells' intrinsic growth rate. Flow cytometry was used to characterize differences in immune infiltration. Results While all four gene products were produced by malignant melanocytes, only increased CCN4 expression was associated with reduced survival in primary melanoma patients. In immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice the CCN4 knockout increased survival while the other knockouts had no effect. This survival advantage was lost when the CCN4 knockout cells were injected into immunocompromised hosts, indicating that the effect of CCN4 may be immune mediated. Parameter estimation from the MCMC analysis shows that CCN4 was the only knockout tested that decreased the net tumor growth rate in immunocompetent mice. Flow cytometry showed an increase in NK cell infiltration in CCN4 knockout tumors. Conclusions The results suggest that CCN4 is a mediator of immunosuppression in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and a potential collateral immunotherapy target. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00787-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika C. Pirkey
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Wentao Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Danielle Norman
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Atefeh Razazan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - David J. Klinke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9177, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506-6102 USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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17
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Pellecchia S, Viscido G, Franchini M, Gambardella G. Predicting drug response from single-cell expression profiles of tumours. BMC Med 2023; 21:476. [PMID: 38041118 PMCID: PMC10693176 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) presents a significant obstacle in formulating effective treatment strategies in clinical practice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has evolved as a powerful instrument for probing ITH at the transcriptional level, offering an unparalleled opportunity for therapeutic intervention. RESULTS Drug response prediction at the single-cell level is an emerging field of research that aims to improve the efficacy and precision of cancer treatments. Here, we introduce DREEP (Drug Response Estimation from single-cell Expression Profiles), a computational method that leverages publicly available pharmacogenomic screens from GDSC2, CTRP2, and PRISM and functional enrichment analysis to predict single-cell drug sensitivity from transcriptomic data. We validated DREEP extensively in vitro using several independent single-cell datasets with over 200 cancer cell lines and showed its accuracy and robustness. Additionally, we also applied DREEP to molecularly barcoded breast cancer cells and identified drugs that can selectively target specific cell populations. CONCLUSIONS DREEP provides an in silico framework to prioritize drugs from single-cell transcriptional profiles of tumours and thus helps in designing personalized treatment strategies and accelerating drug repurposing studies. DREEP is available at https://github.com/gambalab/DREEP .
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pellecchia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Viscido
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Franchini
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Boeke JD, Burns KH, Chiappinelli KB, Classon M, Coffin JM, DeCarvalho DD, Dukes JD, Greenbaum B, Kassiotis G, Knutson SK, Levine AJ, Nath A, Papa S, Rios D, Sedivy J, Ting DT. Proceedings of the inaugural Dark Genome Symposium: November 2022. Mob DNA 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 37990347 PMCID: PMC10664479 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-023-00306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2022 the first Dark Genome Symposium was held in Boston, USA. The meeting was hosted by Rome Therapeutics and Enara Bio, two biotechnology companies working on translating our growing understanding of this vast genetic landscape into therapies for human disease. The spirit and ambition of the meeting was one of shared knowledge, looking to strengthen the network of researchers engaged in the field. The meeting opened with a welcome from Rosana Kapeller and Kevin Pojasek followed by a first session of field defining talks from key academics in the space. A series of panels, bringing together academia and industry views, were then convened covering a wide range of pertinent topics. Finally, Richard Young and David Ting gave their views on the future direction and promise for patient impact inherent in the growing understanding of the Dark Genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marie Classon
- Pfizer Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, San Diego, USA
| | - John M Coffin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Daniel D DeCarvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph D Dukes
- Enara Bio Limited, Magdalen Centre, 1 Robert Robinson Avenue, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah K Knutson
- Rome Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 1001, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arnold J Levine
- Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section for Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophie Papa
- Enara Bio Limited, Magdalen Centre, 1 Robert Robinson Avenue, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Daniel Rios
- Rome Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Avenue, Suite 1001, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Sedivy
- Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Senhorello ILS, Matiz ORS, Canavari IC, Hernandez GV, Anai LA, Navarrete Ampuero RA, Pazzini JM, Prado CM, Meirelles FV, Vasconcelos RDO, Tinucci-Costa EM. Expression of acetylated histones H3 and H4 and histone deacetylase enzymes HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC6 in simple mammary carcinomas of female dogs. Front Genet 2023; 14:1257932. [PMID: 38028583 PMCID: PMC10666162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1257932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation is an important mechanism involved in human breast cancer tumorigenesis and recent veterinary oncology studies also demonstrate a similar relationship in some canine neoplasms. The use of HDAC inhibitors in vitro and in vivo has demonstrated antitumor action on several strains of human and animal cancers. The present study aims to correlate the expression of H3K9Ac, H4K12Ac, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC6 in simple mammary carcinomas in dogs with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival time. To this end, 61 samples of simple breast carcinomas were analyzed by the immunohistochemistry technique with subsequent validation of the antibodies by the Western Blot technique. The expressions obtained via a semi-quantitative way were categorized by assigning scores and classified into high or low expressions according to the given score, except for HDAC6, when the marking percentage was considered and subdivided into high and low expressions using the median value. For statistical analysis, the chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used as univariate analysis and correspondence analysis as a multivariate test, in addition to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In the studied samples, the highest frequencies were determined for the high expression proteins H4K12Ac (88.5%), HDAC2 (65.6%) and HDAC6 (56.7%) and the low expression proteins H3K9Ac (73.8%) and HDAC1 (54.1%). An association between the low expression of HDAC1 and the presence of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.035) was indicated by univariate analysis while the high expression of HDAC1 was associated with favorable prognostic factors, such as the absence of lymph node metastasis and low mitotic index by multivariate analysis. Also, by multivariate analysis, the low expression of HDAC6 was correlated with the low expression of Ki67, smaller tumors, and better prognosis factors as well. Protein expression was not correlated with patients' overall survival time (p > 0.05). The high expressions of HDAC2 and HDAC6 in mammary carcinomas in female dogs may be useful information for research involving therapeutic targets with iHDACs since their inhibition favors hyperacetylation and transcription of tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Luiz Salardani Senhorello
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Department of Veterinarry Medicine, Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Oscar Rodrigo Sierra Matiz
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Cristina Canavari
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cibele Maria Prado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - e Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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20
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Malviya M, Aretz Z, Molvi Z, Lee J, Pierre S, Wallisch P, Dao T, Scheinberg DA. Challenges and solutions for therapeutic TCR-based agents. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:58-82. [PMID: 37455333 PMCID: PMC11141734 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of methods to discover and engineer therapeutic T-cell receptors (TCRs) or antibody mimics of TCRs, and to understand their immunology and pharmacology, lag two decades behind therapeutic antibodies. Yet we have every expectation that TCR-based agents will be similarly important contributors to the treatment of a variety of medical conditions, especially cancers. TCR engineered cells, soluble TCRs and their derivatives, TCR-mimic antibodies, and TCR-based CAR T cells promise the possibility of highly specific drugs that can expand the scope of immunologic agents to recognize intracellular targets, including mutated proteins and undruggable transcription factors, not accessible by traditional antibodies. Hurdles exist regarding discovery, specificity, pharmacokinetics, and best modality of use that will need to be overcome before the full potential of TCR-based agents is achieved. HLA restriction may limit each agent to patient subpopulations and off-target reactivities remain important barriers to widespread development and use of these new agents. In this review we discuss the unique opportunities for these new classes of drugs, describe their unique antigenic targets, compare them to traditional antibody therapeutics and CAR T cells, and review the various obstacles that must be overcome before full application of these drugs can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Malviya
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Zita Aretz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Zaki Molvi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Jayop Lee
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Stephanie Pierre
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Tri-Institutional Medical Scientist Program, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Patrick Wallisch
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
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21
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Papakonstantinou E, Pappa I, Androutsopoulos G, Adonakis G, Maroulis I, Tzelepi V. Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Methyltransferases Expression in Primary and Relapsed Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4950. [PMID: 37894317 PMCID: PMC10605797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) treatment, its recurrence and mortality rates have not improved significantly. DNA hypermethylation has generally been associated with an ominous prognosis and chemotherapy resistance, but the role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in EOC remains to be investigated. METHODS In the current study, we systematically retrieved gene expression data from patients with EOC and studied the immunohistochemical expression of DNMTs in 108 primary and 26 relapsed tumors. RESULTS Our results showed that the DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L RNA levels were higher and the DNMT2 level was lower in tumors compared to non-neoplastic tissue, and DNMT3A and DNMT2 expression decreased from Stage-II to Stage-IV carcinomas. The proteomic data also suggested that the DNMT1 and DNMT3A levels were increased in the tumors. Similarly, the DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3L protein levels were overexpressed and DNMT2 expression was reduced in high-grade carcinomas compared to non-neoplastic tissue and low-grade tumors. Moreover, DNMT1 and DNMT3L were increased in relapsed tumors compared to their primaries. The DNMT3A, DNMT1 and DNMT3B mRNA levels were correlated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that DNMT1 and DNMT3L are upregulated in primary high-grade EOC and further increase in relapses, whereas DNMT3A is upregulated only in the earlier stages of cancer progression. DNMT2 downregulation highlights the presumed tumor-suppressor activity of this gene in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Papakonstantinou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Ioanna Pappa
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Georgios Androutsopoulos
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Georgios Adonakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Ioannis Maroulis
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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22
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Lafi Z, Alshaer W, Gharaibeh L, Alqudah DA, AlQuaissi B, Bashaireh B, Ibrahim AA. Synergistic combination of doxorubicin with hydralazine, and disulfiram against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291981. [PMID: 37768997 PMCID: PMC10538757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram and hydralazine have recently been reported to have anti-cancer action, and repositioned to be used as adjuvant in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy combined with other medications, such as those that affect the immune system or epigenetic cell profile, can overcome resistance with fewer adverse effects compared to chemotherapy alone. In the present study, a combination of doxorubicin (DOX) with hydrazine (Hyd) and disulfiram (Dis), as a triple treatment, was evaluated against wild-type and DOX-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Both wild-type MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7_WT) and DOX-resistant MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7_DoxR) were treated with different combination ratios of DOX, Dis, and Hyd followed by measuring the cell viability using the MTT assay. Synergism was determined using a combination index, isobologram analysis, and dose-reducing index. The anti-proliferation activity and mechanism of the triple combination were investigated by apoptosis analysis. The results showed a reduction in the IC50 values of DOX in MCF-7_WT cells (from 0.24 μM to 0.012 μM) and MCF-7_DoxR cells (from 1.13 μM to 0.44 μM) when treated with Dis (0.03μM), and Hyd (20μM) combination. Moreover, The triple combination DOX/Hyd/Dis induced significant apoptosis in both MCF-7_WT and MCF-7_DoxR cells compared to DOX alone. The triple combination of DOX, Dis, and Hyd showed a synergistic drugs combination to decrease the DOX dose needed to kill both MCF-7_WT and MCF-7_DoxR cancer cells and enhanced chemosensitivity to DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dana A. Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Banan Bashaireh
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abed Alqader Ibrahim
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
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23
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Musella M, Manduca N, Maccafeo E, Sistigu A. Epigenetics behind tumor immunology: a mini review. Oncogene 2023; 42:2932-2938. [PMID: 37604925 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic- and immune-therapies have become hot spots in the treatment of cancer. Although promising, these strategies are frequently associated with innate or acquired resistance, calling for combined targeting of immune inhibitory signals. Epigenetic therapy is attracting considerable attention as a combination partner for immune-based therapies due to its role in molding the state and fate of cancer and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we describe epigenetic dysregulations in cancer, with a particular focus on those related to innate immune signaling and Type I interferons, and emphasize opportunities and current efforts to translate this knowledge into treatment regimens with improved clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Musella
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Manduca
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Maccafeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Peng J, Xie F, Qin P, Liu Y, Niu H, Sun J, Xue H, Zhao Q, Liu J, Wu J. Recent development of selective inhibitors targeting the HDAC6 as anti-cancer drugs: Structure, function and design. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106622. [PMID: 37244230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
HDAC6, a member of the histone deacetylase family, mainly is a cytosolic protein and regulates cell growth by acting on non-histone substrates, such as α -tubulin, cortactin, heat shock protein HSP90, programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that are closely related to the proliferation, invasion, immune escape and angiogenesis of cancer tissues. The approved drugs targeting the HDACs are all pan-inhibitors and have many side effects due to their lack of selectivity. Therefore, development of selective inhibitors of HDAC6 has attracted much attention in the field of cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the relationship between HDAC6 and cancer, and discuss the design strategies of HDAC6 inhibitors for cancer treatment in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Pengxia Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoqian Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haoyu Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Qianlong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingqian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jingde Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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25
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Zhao L, Chen X, Wu H, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Strategies to synergize PD-1/PD-L1 targeted cancer immunotherapies to enhance antitumor responses in ovarian cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115724. [PMID: 37524205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies have developed rapidly but exhibited modest activity in ovarian cancer (OC), achieving a clinical response rate ranging from 5.9% to 19%. Current evidence indicate that the establishment of an integrated cancer-immunity cycle is a prerequisite for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. Any impairment in this cycle, including lack of cancer antigens release, impaired antigen-presenting, decreased T cell priming and activation, less T cells that are trafficked or infiltrated in tumor microenvironment (TME), and low tumor recognition and killings, will lead to decreased infiltrated cytotoxic T cells to tumor bed and treatment failure. Therefore, combinatorial strategies aiming to modify cancer-immunity cycle and reprogram tumor immune microenvironment are of great interest. By far, various strategies have been studied to enhance responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in OC. Platinum-based chemotherapy increases neoantigens release; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) improve the function of antigen-presenting cells and promote the trafficking of T cells into tumors; epigenetic drugs help to complete the immune cycle by affecting multiple steps; immunotherapies like anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies reactivate T cells, and other treatment strategies like radiotherapy helps to increase the expression of tumor antigens. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical studies by analyzing their contribution in modifying the cancer immunity cycle and remodeling tumor environment, and we will also summarize recent progress in clinical trials and discuss some perspectives to improve these treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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26
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Steers GJ, O’Leary BR, Du J, Wagner BA, Carroll RS, Domann FE, Goswami PC, Buettner GR, Cullen JJ. Pharmacologic Ascorbate and DNMT Inhibitors Increase DUOX Expression and Peroxide-Mediated Toxicity in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1683. [PMID: 37759986 PMCID: PMC10525653 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for vitamin C in the epigenetic regulation of cancer-related genes via DNA demethylation by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) reverses this, increasing DNA methylation and decreasing gene expression. Dual oxidase (DUOX) enzymes produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in normal pancreatic tissue but are silenced in pancreatic cancer (PDAC). Treatment of PDAC with pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH-, intravenous, high dose vitamin C) increases DUOX expression. We hypothesized that inhibiting DNMT may act synergistically with P-AscH- to further increase DUOX expression and cytotoxicity of PDAC. PDAC cells demonstrated dose-dependent increases in DUOX mRNA and protein expression when treated with DNMT inhibitors. PDAC cells treated with P-AscH- + DNMT inhibitors demonstrated increased DUOX expression, increased intracellular oxidation, and increased cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo compared to either treatment alone. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic, epigenetic mechanism to treat PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garett J. Steers
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brianne R. O’Leary
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brett A. Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
| | - Rory S. Carroll
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Frederick E. Domann
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.J.S.); (B.R.O.); (J.D.); (B.A.W.); (R.S.C.); (F.E.D.); (P.C.G.); (G.R.B.)
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Brodeur MN, Dopeso H, Zhu Y, Longhini ALF, Gazzo A, Sun S, Koche R, Qu R, Hamard PJ, Bykov Y, Green H, Chiappinelli KB, Ozsoy MA, Basili T, Gardner R, Walderich S, DeStanchina E, Greenbaum B, Gönen M, Weigelt B, Zamarin D. Interferon response and epigenetic modulation by SMARCA4 mutations drive ovarian tumor immunogenicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552544. [PMID: 37609261 PMCID: PMC10441293 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell-intrinsic mechanisms of immunogenicity in ovarian cancer (OC) are not well understood. The presence of damaging mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, such as the SMARCA4 (BRG1) catalytic subunit, has been associated with improved response to ICB, however the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. The aim of this current study was to examine the alterations in tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic immune signaling caused by SMARCA4 loss. Using OC models with loss-of-function mutations in SMARCA4 , we found that SMARCA4 loss resulted in increased cancer cell-intrinsic immunogenicity, characterized by upregulation of long-terminal RNA repeats such as endogenous retroviruses, increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes, and upregulation of antigen presentation machinery. Notably, this response was dependent on IRF3 signaling, but was independent of the type I interferon receptor. Mice inoculated with cancer cells bearing SMARCA4 loss demonstrated increased activation of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells in the tumor microenvironment as well as increased infiltration with activated dendritic cells. These results were recapitulated when animals bearing SMARCA4- proficient tumors were treated with a BRG1 inhibitor, suggesting that modulation of chromatin remodeling through targeting SMARCA4 may serve as a strategy to reverse immune evasion in OC.
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Sari G, Rock KL. Tumor immune evasion through loss of MHC class-I antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102329. [PMID: 37130455 PMCID: PMC10524158 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells recognize cancers when they detect antigenic peptides presented on a tumor's surface MHC-I molecules. Since MHC-I antigen presentation is not essential for cell growth or survival, many cancers inactivate this pathway, and thereby escape control by CD8 T cells. Such immune evasion allows cancers to progress and also become resistant to CD8 T- cell-based immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade. Here, we review recent findings about the various different mechanisms that cancers use to impair antigen presentation, the consequence of such changes, and, in some cases, the potential to reverse these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, USA.
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29
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Sharma D, Xuan Leong K, Palhares D, Czarnota GJ. Radiation combined with ultrasound and microbubbles: A potential novel strategy for cancer treatment. Z Med Phys 2023; 33:407-426. [PMID: 37586962 PMCID: PMC10517408 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several emerging technologies are helping to battle cancer. Cancer therapies have been effective at killing cancer cells, but a large portion of patients still die to this disease every year. As such, more aggressive treatments of primary cancers are employed and have been shown to be capable of saving a greater number of lives. Recent research advances the field of cancer therapy by employing the use of physical methods to alter tumor biology. It uses microbubbles to enhance radiation effect by damaging tumor vasculature followed by tumor cell death. The technique can specifically target tumor volumes by conforming ultrasound fields capable of microbubbles stimulation and localizing it to avoid vascular damage in surrounding tissues. Thus, this new application of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) can be utilized as a novel approach to cancer therapy by inducing vascular disruption resulting in tumor cell death. Using USMB alongside radiation has showed to augment the anti-vascular effect of radiation, resulting in enhanced tumor response. Recent work with nanobubbles has shown vascular permeation into intracellular space, extending the use of this new treatment method to potentially further improve the therapeutic effect of the ultrasound-based therapy. The significant enhancement of localized tumor cell kill means that radiation-based treatments can be made more potent with lower doses of radiation. This technique can manifest a greater impact on radiation oncology practice by increasing treatment effectiveness significantly while reducing normal tissue toxicity. This review article summarizes the past and recent advances in USMB enhancement of radiation treatments. The review mainly focuses on preclinical findings but also highlights some clinical findings that use USMB as a therapeutic modality in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sharma
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kai Xuan Leong
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Palhares
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Yang J, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Yu X, Shi S. Epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:210. [PMID: 37217462 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over decades, researchers have focused on the epigenetic control of DNA-templated processes. Histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, RNA modification, and noncoding RNAs modulate many biological processes that are crucial to the development of cancers. Dysregulation of the epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programs. A growing body of evidence suggests that the mechanisms of epigenetic modification are dysregulated in human cancers and might be excellent targets for tumor treatment. Epigenetics has also been shown to influence tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses. Thus, the development and application of epigenetic therapy and cancer immunotherapy and their combinations may have important implications for cancer treatment. Here, we present an up-to-date and thorough description of how epigenetic modifications in tumor cells influence immune cell responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and how epigenetics influence immune cells internally to modify the TME. Additionally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer immunotherapy. Harnessing the complex interplay between epigenetics and cancer immunology to develop therapeutics that combine thereof is challenging but could yield significant benefits. The purpose of this review is to assist researchers in understanding how epigenetics impact immune responses in the TME, so that better cancer immunotherapies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li S, Chen T, Liu J, Zhang H, Li J, Wang Z, Shang G. PROTACs: Novel tools for improving immunotherapy in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216128. [PMID: 36933781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, are important in governing protein expression levels. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are novel structures designed to target a protein of interest (POI) for ubiquitination and degradation, leading to the selective reduction in the expression levels of the POI. PROTACs have exhibited great promise due to their ability to target undruggable proteins, including several transcription factors. Recently, PROTACs have been characterized to improve anticancer immunotherapy via the regulation of specific proteins. In this review, we describe how the PROTACs target several molecules, including HDAC6, IDO1, EGFR, FoxM1, PD-L1, SHP2, HPK1, BCL-xL, BET proteins, NAMPT, and COX-1/2, to regulate immunotherapy in human cancers. PROTACs may provide potential treatment benefits by enhancing immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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Zheng YC, Kang HQ, Wang B, Zhu YZ, Mamun MAA, Zhao LF, Nie HQ, Liu Y, Zhao LJ, Zhang XN, Gao MM, Jiang DD, Liu HM, Gao Y. Curriculum vitae of HDAC6 in solid tumors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123219. [PMID: 36642357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is the only member of the HDAC family that resides primarily in the cytoplasm with two catalytic domains and a ubiquitin-binding domain. HDAC6 is highly expressed in various solid tumors and participates in a wide range of biological activities, including hormone receptors, the p53 signaling pathway, and the kinase cascade signaling pathway due to its unique structural foundation and abundant substrate types. Additionally, HDAC6 can function as an oncogenic factor in solid tumors, boosting tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, stemness, and lowering tumor cell immunogenicity, so assisting in carcinogenesis. Pan-HDAC inhibitors for cancer prevention are associated with potential cardiotoxicity in clinical investigations. It's interesting that HDAC6 silencing didn't cause any significant harm to normal cells. Currently, the use of HDAC6 specific inhibitors, individually or in combination, is among the most promising therapies in solid tumors. This review's objective is to give a general overview of the structure, biological functions, and mechanism of HDAC6 in solid tumor cells and in the immunological milieu and discuss the preclinical and clinical trials of selective HDAC6 inhibitors. These endeavors highlight that targeting HDAC6 could effectively kill tumor cells and enhance patients' immunity during solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hui-Qin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Zai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - M A A Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hai-Qian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Hargadon KM. Genetic dysregulation of immunologic and oncogenic signaling pathways associated with tumor-intrinsic immune resistance: a molecular basis for combination targeted therapy-immunotherapy for cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:40. [PMID: 36629955 PMCID: PMC11072992 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the turn of the century, advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. Although these approaches have far outperformed traditional therapies in various clinical settings, both remain plagued by mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance that limit therapeutic efficacy in many patients. With a focus on tumor-intrinsic resistance to immunotherapy, this review highlights our current understanding of the immunologic and oncogenic pathways whose genetic dysregulation in cancer cells enables immune escape. Emphasis is placed on genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aberrations that influence the activity of these pathways in the context of immune resistance. Specifically, the role of pathways that govern interferon signaling, antigen processing and presentation, and immunologic cell death as determinants of tumor immune susceptibility are discussed. Likewise, mechanisms of tumor immune resistance mediated by dysregulated RAS-MAPK, WNT, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and cell cycle pathways are described. Finally, this review highlights the ways in which recent insight into genetic dysregulation of these immunologic and oncogenic signaling pathways is informing the design of combination targeted therapy-immunotherapy regimens that aim to restore immune susceptibility of cancer cells by overcoming resistance mechanisms that often limit the success of monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, 23943, USA.
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34
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Kim M, Delgado E, Ko S. DNA methylation in cell plasticity and malignant transformation in liver diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108334. [PMID: 36535346 PMCID: PMC9841769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver possesses extraordinary regenerative capacity mainly attributable to the ability of hepatocytes (HCs) and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) to self-replicate. This ability is left over from their bipotent parent cell, the hepatoblast, during development. When this innate regeneration is compromised due to the absence of proliferative parenchymal cells, such as during cirrhosis, HCs and BEC can transdifferentiate; thus, adding another layer of complexity to the process of liver repair. In addition, dysregulated lineage maintenance in these two cell populations has been shown to promote malignant growth in experimental conditions. Here, malignant transformation, driven in part by insufficient maintenance of lineage reprogramming, contributes to end-stage liver disease. Epigenetic changes are key drivers for cell fate decisions as well as transformation by finetuning overall transcription and gene expression. In this review, we address how altered DNA methylation contributes to the initiation and progression of hepatic cell fate conversion and cancer formation. We also discussed the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting DNA methylation in liver cancer, its current limitations, and what future research is necessary to facilitate its contribution to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Evan Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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35
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dos Reis FD, Jerónimo C, Correia MP. Epigenetic modulation and prostate cancer: Paving the way for NK cell anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152572. [PMID: 37090711 PMCID: PMC10113550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoepigenetics is a growing field, as there is mounting evidence on the key role played by epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of tumor immune cell recognition and control of immune cell anti-tumor responses. Moreover, it is increasingly acknowledgeable a tie between epigenetic regulation and prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. PCa is intrinsically a cold tumor, with scarce immune cell infiltration and low inflammatory tumor microenvironment. However, Natural Killer (NK) cells, main anti-tumor effector immune cells, have been frequently linked to improved PCa prognosis. The role that epigenetic-related mechanisms might have in regulating both NK cell recognition of PCa tumor cells and NK cell functions in PCa is still mainly unknown. Epigenetic modulating drugs have been showing boundless therapeutic potential as anti-tumor agents, however their role in immune cell regulation and recognition is scarce. In this review, we focused on studies addressing modulation of epigenetic mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated responses, including both the epigenetic modulation of tumor cell NK ligand expression and NK cell receptor expression and function in different tumor models, highlighting studies in PCa. The integrated knowledge from diverse epigenetic modulation mechanisms promoting NK cell-mediated immunity in various tumor models might open doors for the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutic options for PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa D. dos Reis
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Master Program in Oncology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Margareta P. Correia,
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Liu T, Li Y, Wang X, Yang X, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Gong H, He Z. The role of interferons in ovarian cancer progression: Hinderer or promoter? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1087620. [PMID: 36618371 PMCID: PMC9810991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1087620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecologic malignancy with poor prognosis and high mortality. Changes in the OC microenvironment are closely related to the genesis, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and drug-resistance. The OC microenvironment is regulated by Interferons (IFNs) known as a type of important cytokines. IFNs have a bidirectional regulation for OC cells growth and survival. Meanwhile, IFNs positively regulate the recruitment, differentiation and activation of immune cells. This review summarizes the secretion and the role of IFNs. In particular, we mainly elucidate the actions played by IFNs in various types of therapy. IFNs assist radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and biotherapy for OC, except for some IFN pathways that may cause chemo-resistance. In addition, we present some advances in OC treatment with the help of IFN pathways. IFNs have the ability to powerfully modulate the tumor microenvironment and can potentially provide new combination strategies for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhai Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeteng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Hanlin Gong, ; Zhiyao He,
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Hanlin Gong, ; Zhiyao He,
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Gomez S, Cox OL, Walker RR, Rentia U, Hadley M, Arthofer E, Diab N, Grundy EE, Kanholm T, McDonald JI, Kobyra J, Palmer E, Noonepalle S, Villagra A, Leitenberg D, Bollard CM, Saunthararajah Y, Chiappinelli KB. Inhibiting DNA methylation and RNA editing upregulates immunogenic RNA to transform the tumor microenvironment and prolong survival in ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004974. [PMID: 36343976 PMCID: PMC9644370 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapies are urgently needed for ovarian cancer (OC), the fifth deadliest cancer in women. Preclinical work has shown that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) can reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in OC. Inhibiting DNA methyltransferases activate transcription of double-stranded (ds)RNA, including transposable elements. These dsRNAs activate sensors in the cytoplasm and trigger type I interferon (IFN) signaling, recruiting host immune cells to kill the tumor cells. Adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) is induced by IFN signaling and edits mammalian dsRNA with an A-to-I nucleotide change, which is read as an A-to-G change in sequencing data. These edited dsRNAs cannot be sensed by dsRNA sensors, and thus ADAR1 inhibits the type I IFN response in a negative feedback loop. We hypothesized that decreasing ADAR1 editing would enhance the DNMTi-induced immune response. METHODS Human OC cell lines were treated in vitro with DNMTi and then RNA-sequenced to measure RNA editing. Adar1 was stably knocked down in ID8 Trp53-/- mouse OC cells. Control cells (shGFP) or shAdar1 cells were tested with mock or DNMTi treatment. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry and cell culture supernatants were analyzed for secreted chemokines/cytokines. Mice were injected with syngeneic shAdar1 ID8 Trp53-/- cells and treated with tetrahydrouridine/DNMTi while given anti-interferon alpha and beta receptor 1, anti-CD8, or anti-NK1.1 antibodies every 3 days. RESULTS We show that ADAR1 edits transposable elements in human OC cell lines after DNMTi treatment in vitro. Combining ADAR1 knockdown with DNMTi significantly increases pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and sensitivity to IFN-β compared with either perturbation alone. Furthermore, DNMTi treatment and Adar1 loss reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival in an immunocompetent mouse model of OC. Combining Adar1 loss and DNMTi elicited the most robust antitumor response and transformed the immune microenvironment with increased recruitment and activation of CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we showed that the survival benefit from DNMTi plus ADAR1 inhibition is dependent on type I IFN signaling. Thus, epigenetically inducing transposable element transcription combined with inhibition of RNA editing is a novel therapeutic strategy to reverse immune evasion in OC, a disease that does not respond to current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gomez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Olivia L Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Reddick R Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Uzma Rentia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Melissa Hadley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elisa Arthofer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Noor Diab
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erin E Grundy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Tomas Kanholm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - James I McDonald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Julie Kobyra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erica Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Satish Noonepalle
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - David Leitenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of TAK1 enhances sIL-6R release to promote macrophage M2 polarization in colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:888. [PMID: 36270986 PMCID: PMC9587286 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a member of the HDAC family, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for tumor therapy, but the function and underlying mechanisms of HDAC6 in colon cancer are incompletely characterized. Our study showed that the infiltration ratio of M2 macrophages was increased in colon cancer tissues with high HDAC6 expression. Similarly, the knockdown of HDAC6 in colon cancer cells inhibited cocultured macrophage M2 polarization in vitro. Analysis of the antibody chip revealed that HDAC6 promoted sIL-6R release to enhance macrophage M2 polarization. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation demonstrated that, mechanistically, HDAC6 interacted with transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), deacetylated TAK1 at T178 and promoted TAK1 phosphorylation. TAK1-p38 MAPK signaling could further increase the phosphorylation and activity of ADAM17, which is responsible for shedding of IL-6R. Notably, the expression of phosphorylated TAK1 was positively correlated with HDAC6 expression and macrophage M2 polarization in human colon cancer tissues. Our study revealed a new HDAC6-TAK1-ADAM17 regulatory axis that mediates sIL-6R release and macrophage polarization in colon cancer.
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Kaur S, Rajoria P, Chopra M. HDAC6: A unique HDAC family member as a cancer target. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:779-829. [PMID: 36036883 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDAC6, a structurally and functionally distinct member of the HDAC family, is an integral part of multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage and genomic stability, all of which when deregulated contribute to carcinogenesis. Among several HDAC family members known so far, HDAC6 holds a unique position. It differs from the other HDAC family members not only in terms of its subcellular localization, but also in terms of its substrate repertoire and hence cellular functions. Recent findings have considerably expanded the research related to the substrate pool, biological functions and regulation of HDAC6. Studies in HDAC6 knockout mice highlighted the importance of HDAC6 as a cell survival player in stressful situations, making it an important anticancer target. There is ample evidence stressing the importance of HDAC6 as an anti-cancer synergistic partner of many chemotherapeutic drugs. HDAC6 inhibitors have been found to enhance the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs such as DNA damaging agents, proteasome inhibitors and microtubule inhibitors, thereby highlighting the importance of combination therapies involving HDAC6 inhibitors and other anti-cancer agents. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present a review on HDAC6 with emphasis on its role as a critical regulator of specific physiological cellular pathways which when deregulated contribute to tumorigenesis, thereby highlighting the importance of HDAC6 inhibitors as important anticancer agents alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. We also discuss the synergistic anticancer effect of combination therapies of HDAC6 inhibitors with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Kaur
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prerna Rajoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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40
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Guest Edited Collection: Epigenetics within the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15089. [PMID: 36064963 PMCID: PMC9445032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Porter RL, Sun S, Flores MN, Berzolla E, You E, Phillips IE, KC N, Desai N, Tai EC, Szabolcs A, Lang ER, Pankaj A, Raabe MJ, Thapar V, Xu KH, Nieman LT, Rabe DC, Kolin DL, Stover EH, Pepin D, Stott SL, Deshpande V, Liu JF, Solovyov A, Matulonis UA, Greenbaum BD, Ting DT. Satellite repeat RNA expression in epithelial ovarian cancer associates with a tumor-immunosuppressive phenotype. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e155931. [PMID: 35708912 PMCID: PMC9374379 DOI: 10.1172/jci155931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of viral-like repeat elements is a common feature of epithelial cancers, and the substantial diversity of repeat species provides a distinct view of the cancer transcriptome. Repeatome profiling across ovarian, pancreatic, and colorectal cell lines identifies distinct clustering independent of tissue origin that is seen with coding gene analysis. Deeper analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated that human satellite II (HSATII) satellite repeat expression was highly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anticorrelated with IFN-response genes indicative of a more aggressive phenotype. SATII expression - and its correlation with EMT and anticorrelation with IFN-response genes - was also found in ovarian cancer RNA-Seq data and was associated with significantly shorter survival in a second independent cohort of patients with ovarian cancer. Repeat RNAs were enriched in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles capable of stimulating monocyte-derived macrophages, demonstrating a mechanism that alters the tumor microenvironment with these viral-like sequences. Targeting of HSATII with antisense locked nucleic acids stimulated IFN response and induced MHC I expression in ovarian cancer cell lines, highlighting a potential strategy of modulating the repeatome to reestablish antitumor cell immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Porter
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siyu Sun
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Micayla N. Flores
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Berzolla
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunae You
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ildiko E. Phillips
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neelima KC
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niyati Desai
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric C. Tai
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annamaria Szabolcs
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan R. Lang
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amaya Pankaj
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Michael J. Raabe
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vishal Thapar
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine H. Xu
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda T. Nieman
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel C. Rabe
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David L. Kolin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and
| | - Elizabeth H. Stover
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Pepin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Shannon L. Stott
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce F. Liu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Solovyov
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ursula A. Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David T. Ting
- Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Pramanik SD, Kumar Halder A, Mukherjee U, Kumar D, Dey YN, R M. Potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the control and regulation of prostate, breast and ovarian cancer. Front Chem 2022; 10:948217. [PMID: 36034650 PMCID: PMC9411967 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.948217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play a role in chromatin remodeling and epigenetics. They belong to a specific category of enzymes that eliminate the acetyl part of the histones’ -N-acetyl lysine, causing the histones to be wrapped compactly around DNA. Numerous biological processes rely on HDACs, including cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, gene regulation, and transcription. Epigenetic changes, specifically increased expression and activity of HDACs, are commonly detected in cancer. As a result, HDACi could be used to develop anticancer drugs. Although preclinical outcomes with HDACs as monotherapy have been promising clinical trials have had mixed results and limited success. In both preclinical and clinical trials, however, combination therapy with different anticancer medicines has proved to have synergistic effects. Furthermore, these combinations improved efficacy, decreased tumor resistance to therapy, and decreased toxicity. In the present review, the detailed modes of action, classification of HDACs, and their correlation with different cancers like prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer were discussed. Further, the different cell signaling pathways and the structure-activity relationship and pharmaco-toxicological properties of the HDACi, and their synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs observed in recent preclinical and clinical studies used in combination therapy were discussed for prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ushmita Mukherjee
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Bihar, India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
- *Correspondence: Yadu Nandan Dey, ; Mogana R,
| | - Mogana R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI Education SDN.BHD., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yadu Nandan Dey, ; Mogana R,
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Zhao L, Guo H, Chen X, Zhang W, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Tackling drug resistance in ovarian cancer with epigenetic targeted drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175071. [PMID: 35636522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Since the first experiment conducted on resistant ovarian cancer cells using demethylating drugs, multiple clinical trials have revealed that epigenetic targeted drugs combined with chemotherapy, molecular-targeted drugs, or even immunotherapy could enhance tumor sensitivity and reverse acquired resistances. Here, we summarized the combination strategies of epigenetic targeted drugs with other treatment strategies of ovarian cancer and discussed the principles of combination therapy. Finally, we enumerated several reasonable clinical trial designs as well as future drug development strategies, which may provide promising ideas for the application of epigenetic drugs to ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Taylor BC, Balko JM. Mechanisms of MHC-I Downregulation and Role in Immunotherapy Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844866. [PMID: 35296095 PMCID: PMC8920040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a key therapeutic strategy in the treatment of many cancers. As a result, research efforts have been aimed at understanding mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy and how anti-tumor immune response can be therapeutically enhanced. It has been shown that tumor cell recognition by the immune system plays a key role in effective response to T cell targeting therapies in patients. One mechanism by which tumor cells can avoid immunosurveillance is through the downregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC-I). Downregulation of MHC-I has been described as a mechanism of intrinsic and acquired resistance to immunotherapy in patients with cancer. Depending on the mechanism, the downregulation of MHC-I can sometimes be therapeutically restored to aid in anti-tumor immunity. In this article, we will review current research in MHC-I downregulation and its impact on immunotherapy response in patients, as well as possible strategies for therapeutic upregulation of MHC-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie C. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin M. Balko,
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Uveal Melanoma Cell Line Proliferation Is Inhibited by Ricolinostat, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030782. [PMID: 35159049 PMCID: PMC8833954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is characterized by poor patient survival. Unfortunately, current treatment options demonstrate limited benefits. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of ACY-1215, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), to attenuate growth of primary ocular UM cell lines and, in particular, a liver MUM cell line in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. A significant (p = 0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in surviving clones of the primary ocular UM cells, Mel270, was observed upon treatment with increasing doses of ACY-1215. Treatment of OMM2.5 MUM cells with ACY-1215 resulted in a significant (p = 0.0001), dose-dependent reduction in cell survival and proliferation in vitro, and in vivo attenuation of primary OMM2.5 xenografts in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, flow cytometry revealed that ACY-1215 significantly arrested the OMM2.5 cell cycle in S phase (p = 0.0001) following 24 h of treatment, and significant apoptosis was triggered in a time- and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Additionally, ACY-1215 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in OMM2.5 p-ERK expression levels. Through proteome profiling, the attenuation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling pathway was linked to the observed anti-cancer effects of ACY-1215. In agreement, pharmacological inhibition of MITF signaling with ML329 significantly reduced OMM2.5 cell survival and viability in vitro (p = 0.0001) and reduced OMM2.5 cells in vivo (p = 0.0006). Our findings provide evidence that ACY-1215 and ML329 are efficacious against growth and survival of OMM2.5 MUM cells.
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Wong-Brown MW, van der Westhuizen A, Bowden NA. Sequential azacitidine and carboplatin induces immune activation in platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines and primes for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:100. [PMID: 35073851 PMCID: PMC8787901 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Platinum chemoresistance results in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) disease recurrence. Recent treatment advances using checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has not benefited platinum-resistant HGSOC. In ovarian cancer, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) block methylation and allow expression of silenced genes, primarily affecting immune reactivation pathways. We aimed to determine the epigenome and transcriptome response to sequential treatment with DNMTi and carboplatin in HGSOC.
Methods
In vitro studies with azacitidine or carboplatin alone and in sequential combination. Response was determined by cell growth, death and apoptosis. Genome-wide DNA methylation levels and transcript expression were compared between untreated and azacitidine and carboplatin sequential treatment.
Results
Sequential azacitidine and carboplatin significantly slowed cell growth in 50% of cell lines compared to carboplatin alone. The combination resulted in significantly higher cell death in 25% of cell lines, and significantly higher cell apoptosis in 37.5% of cell lines, than carboplatin alone. Pathway analysis of upregulated transcripts showed that the majority of changes were in immune-related pathways, including those regulating response to checkpoint inhibitors.
Conclusions
Sequential azacitidine and carboplatin treatment slows cell growth, and demethylate and upregulate pathways involved in immune response, suggesting that this combination may be used to increase HGSOC response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-resistant patients who have exhausted all currently-approved avenues of treatment.
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Nanamori H, Sawada Y. Epigenetic Modification of PD-1/PD-L1-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy against Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031119. [PMID: 35163049 PMCID: PMC8835029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the representative skin cancers with unfavorable clinical behavior. Immunotherapy is currently used for the treatment, and it dramatically improves clinical outcomes in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. On the other hand, not all these patients can obtain therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this limitation of current immunotherapy, epigenetic modification is a highlighted issue for clinicians. Epigenetic modification is involved in various physiological and pathological conditions in the skin. Recent studies identified that skin cancer, especially malignant melanoma, has advantages in tumor development, indicating that epigenetic manipulation for regulation of gene expression in the tumor can be expected to result in additional therapeutic efficacy during immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the detailed molecular mechanism of epigenetic modification in immunotherapy, especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatment for malignant melanoma.
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Epigenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Chemoresistant High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235993. [PMID: 34885103 PMCID: PMC8657426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common ovarian cancer subtype, and the overall survival rate has not improved in the last three decades. Currently, most patients develop recurrent disease within 3 years and succumb to the disease within 5 years. This is an important area of research, as the major obstacle to the treatment of HGSOC is the development of resistance to platinum chemotherapy. The cause of chemoresistance is still largely unknown and may be due to epigenetics modifications that are driving HGSOC metastasis and treatment resistance. The identification of epigenetic changes in chemoresistant HGSOC enables the development of epigenetic modulating drugs that may be used to improve outcomes. Several epigenetic modulating drugs have displayed promise as drug targets for HGSOC, such as demethylating agents azacitidine and decitabine. Others, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and miRNA-targeting therapies, demonstrated promising preclinical results but resulted in off-target side effects in clinical trials. This article reviews the epigenetic modifications identified in chemoresistant HGSOC and clinical trials utilizing epigenetic therapies in HGSOC.
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Noonepalle SKR, Karabon L, Chiappinelli KB, Villagra A. Editorial: Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775101. [PMID: 34675944 PMCID: PMC8523980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar R Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Lidia Karabon
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
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McDonald JI, Diab N, Arthofer E, Hadley M, Kanholm T, Rentia U, Gomez S, Yu A, Grundy EE, Cox O, Topper MJ, Xing X, Strissel PL, Strick R, Wang T, Baylin SB, Chiappinelli KB. Epigenetic Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Alter Repetitive Element Expression in a TP53-Dependent Manner. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5176-5189. [PMID: 34433584 PMCID: PMC8530980 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinomas are particularly deadly due to intratumoral heterogeneity, resistance to standard-of-care therapies, and poor response to alternative treatments such as immunotherapy. Targeting the ovarian carcinoma epigenome with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) or histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) increases immune signaling and recruits CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells to fight ovarian carcinoma in murine models. This increased immune activity is caused by increased transcription of repetitive elements (RE) that form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and trigger an IFN response. To understand which REs are affected by epigenetic therapies in ovarian carcinoma, we assessed the effect of DNMTi and HDACi on ovarian carcinoma cell lines and patient samples. Subfamily-level (TEtranscripts) and individual locus-level (Telescope) analysis of REs showed that DNMTi treatment upregulated more REs than HDACi treatment. Upregulated REs were predominantly LTR and SINE subfamilies, and SINEs exhibited the greatest loss of DNA methylation upon DNMTi treatment. Cell lines with TP53 mutations exhibited significantly fewer upregulated REs with epigenetic therapy than wild-type TP53 cell lines. This observation was validated using isogenic cell lines; the TP53-mutant cell line had significantly higher baseline expression of REs but upregulated fewer upon epigenetic treatment. In addition, p53 activation increased expression of REs in wild-type but not mutant cell lines. These data give a comprehensive, genome-wide picture of RE chromatin and transcription-related changes in ovarian carcinoma after epigenetic treatment and implicate p53 in RE transcriptional regulation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies the repetitive element targets of epigenetic therapies in ovarian carcinoma and indicates a role for p53 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I McDonald
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Noor Diab
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Elisa Arthofer
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Melissa Hadley
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Tomas Kanholm
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences at the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Uzma Rentia
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Stephanie Gomez
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences at the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Angela Yu
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Erin E Grundy
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences at the George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Olivia Cox
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Michael J Topper
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pamela L Strissel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Strick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ting Wang
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- The George Washington University Cancer Center (GWCC), Washington, D.C.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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