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Saeed A, Hadoux X, van Wijngaarden P. Hyperspectral retinal imaging biomarkers of ocular and systemic diseases. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03135-9. [PMID: 38778136 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging is a frontier in the field of medical imaging technology. It enables the simultaneous collection of spectroscopic and spatial data. Structural and physiological information encoded in these data can be used to identify and localise typically elusive biomarkers. Studies of retinal hyperspectral imaging have provided novel insights into disease pathophysiology and new ways of non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of retinal and systemic diseases. This review provides a concise overview of recent advances in retinal hyperspectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abera Saeed
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Hadoux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia.
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia.
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Beach JM, Rizvi M, Lichtenfels CB, Vince R, More SS. Topical Review: Studies of Ocular Function and Disease Using Hyperspectral Imaging. Optom Vis Sci 2022; 99:101-113. [PMID: 34897230 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Advances in imaging technology over the last two decades have produced significant innovations in medical imaging. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is one of these innovations, enabling powerful new imaging tools for clinical use and greater understanding of tissue optical properties and mechanisms underlying eye disease.Hyperspectral imaging is an important and rapidly growing area in medical imaging, making possible the concurrent collection of spectroscopic and spatial information that is usually obtained from separate optical recordings. In this review, we describe several mainstream techniques used in HSI, along with noteworthy advances in optical technology that enabled modern HSI techniques. Presented also are recent applications of HSI for basic and applied eye research, which include a novel method for assessing dry eye syndrome, clinical slit-lamp examination of corneal injury, measurement of blood oxygen saturation in retinal disease, molecular changes in macular degeneration, and detection of early stages of Alzheimer disease. The review also highlights work resulting from integration of HSI with other imaging tools such as optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence microscopy and discusses the adaptation of HSI for clinical work where eye motion is present. Here, we present the background and main findings from each of these reports along with specific references for additional details.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Beach
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Madeeha Rizvi
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Caitlin B Lichtenfels
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert Vince
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Murray IJ, Rodrigo-Diaz E, Kelly JMF, Tahir HJ, Carden D, Patryas L, Parry NR. The role of dark adaptation in understanding early AMD. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 88:101015. [PMID: 34626782 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the paper is to discuss current knowledge on how Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) affects Dark Adaptation (DA). The paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, we outline some of the molecular mechanisms that control DA. Secondly, we review the psychophysical issues and the corresponding analytical techniques. Finally, we characterise the link between slowed DA and the morphological abnormalities in early AMD. Historically, DA has been regarded as too cumbersome for widespread clinical application. Yet the technique is extremely useful; it is widely accepted that the psychophysically obtained slope of the second rod-mediated phase of the dark adaptation function is an accurate assay of photoreceptor pigment regeneration kinetics. Technological developments have prompted new ways of generating the DA curve, but analytical problems remain. A simple potential solution to these, based on the application of a novel fast mathematical algorithm, is presented. This allows the calculation of the parameters of the DA curve in real time. Improving current management of AMD will depend on identifying a satisfactory endpoint for evaluating future therapeutic strategies. This must be implemented before the onset of severe disease. Morphological changes progress too slowly to act as a satisfactory endpoint for new therapies whereas functional changes, such as those seen in DA, may have more potential in this regard. It is important to recognise, however, that the functional changes are not confined to rods and that building a mathematical model of the DA curve enables the separation of rod and cone dysfunction and allows more versatility in terms of the range of disease severity that can be monitored. Examples are presented that show how analysing the DA curve into its constituent components can improve our understanding of the morphological changes in early AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Murray
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Elena Rodrigo-Diaz
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jeremiah M F Kelly
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Humza J Tahir
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Carden
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Patryas
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Ra Parry
- Vision Science Lab., Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Vision Science Centre, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Cideciyan AV, Krishnan AK, Roman AJ, Sumaroka A, Swider M, Jacobson SG. Measures of Function and Structure to Determine Phenotypic Features, Natural History, and Treatment Outcomes in Inherited Retinal Diseases. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2021; 7:747-772. [PMID: 34255540 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-032321-091738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are at the forefront of innovative gene-specific treatments because of the causation by single genes, the availability of microsurgical access for treatment delivery, and the relative ease of quantitative imaging and vision measurement. However, it is not always easy to choose a priori, from scores of potential measures, an appropriate subset to evaluate efficacy outcomes considering the wide range of disease stages with different phenotypic features. This article reviews measurements of visual function and retinal structure that our group has used over the past three decades to understand the natural history of IRDs. We include measures of light sensitivity, retinal structure, mapping of natural fluorophores, evaluation of pupillary light reflex, and oculomotor control. We provide historical context and examples of applicability. We also review treatment trial outcomes using these measures of function and structure. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur V Cideciyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Arun K Krishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Alejandro J Roman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Alexander Sumaroka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Malgorzata Swider
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
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