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Xu J, Li S, Wehbe A, Ji X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Qin L, Liu FY, Ding Y, Ren C. Abdominal Aortic Occlusion and the Inflammatory Effects in Heart and Brain. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:2730841. [PMID: 38131062 PMCID: PMC10735730 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2730841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO) occurs frequently and causes ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to distant organs. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether AAO induced I/R injury and subsequent damage in cardiac and neurologic tissue. We also aimed to investigate the how length of ischemic time in AAO influences reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory marker levels in the heart, brain, and serum. Methods Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. The mice were randomly divided into either sham group or AAO group. The AAO group was further subdivided into 1-4 hr groups of aortic occlusion times. The infrarenal abdominal aorta was clamped for 1-4 hr depending on the AAO group and was then reperfused for 24 hr after clamp removal. Serum, hippocampus, and left ventricle tissue samples were then subjected to biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results AAO-induced I/R injury had no effect on cell necrosis, cell apoptosis, or ROS production. However, serum and hippocampus levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in AAO groups when compared to sham group. Superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity decreased in the serum, hippocampus, and left ventricle. In the serum, AAO increased the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (such as arginase-1), transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 10 (IL-10). In the hippocampus, AAO increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4, and IL-6, and decreased the level of TGF-β1. In the left ventricle, AAO increased the level of iNOS and decreased the levels of TGF-β1, IL-4, and IL-10. Conclusions AAO did not induce cell necrosis or apoptosis in cardiac or neurologic tissue, but it can cause inflammation in the serum, brain, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Alexandra Wehbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chines Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chines Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linhui Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng-Yong Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Senior Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorder, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Evangelou K, Belogiannis K, Papaspyropoulos A, Petty R, Gorgoulis VG. Escape from senescence: molecular basis and therapeutic ramifications. J Pathol 2023; 260:649-665. [PMID: 37550877 DOI: 10.1002/path.6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence constitutes a stress response mechanism in reaction to a plethora of stimuli. Senescent cells exhibit cell-cycle arrest and altered function. While cell-cycle withdrawal has been perceived as permanent, recent evidence in cancer research introduced the so-called escape-from-senescence concept. In particular, under certain conditions, senescent cells may resume proliferation, acquiring highly aggressive features. As such, they have been associated with tumour relapse, rendering senescence less effective in inhibiting cancer progression. Thus, conventional cancer treatments, incapable of eliminating senescence, may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents. To this end, it is anticipated that the assessment of the senescence burden in everyday clinical material by pathologists will play a crucial role in the near future, laying the foundation for more personalised approaches. Here, we provide an overview of the investigations that introduced the escape-from-senescence phenomenon, the identified mechanisms, as well as the major implications for pathology and therapy. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Belogiannis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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