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Mu H, Yang M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guan X, Li H, Jin G. Concerning for the solvent-polarity-dependent conformational equilibrium and ESIPT mechanism in Pz3HC system: A novel insight. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124412. [PMID: 38733913 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we propose a new insight into the interaction between the solvent-polarity-dependent conformational equilibrium and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior of Pz3HC system in four different polar solvents (polarity order: ACN > THF > TOL > CYC). Using quantum chemistry method, we first announce a coexistence mechanism between Pz3HC-1 and Pz3HC-3 in the ground state in four solvents based on the Boltzmann distribution. In particular, Pz3HC-1 is the principal configuration in non-polar solvent, but Pz3HC-3 is the principal configuration in polar solvent. In addition, the simulated fluorescence spectra interprets the negative solvatochromism effect of Pz3HC-1 and Pz3HC-3 in four solvents. The evidence from intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) parameters and electronic perspective collectively confirms the light-induced IHB enhancement and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties in Pz3HC-1 and Pz3HC-3, which raises the likelihood of the ESIPT process. Combining the calculation of potential energy curve (PEC) and intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), we demonstrate that the ESIPT ease of Pz3HC-1 in different polar solvents obeys the order of CYC > TOL > THF > ACN, while the order of ESIPT ease in Pz3HC-3 is opposite. Notably, the ESIPT process of Pz3HC-3 in CYC solvent is accompanied by the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process. In addition, we also reveal that the enol* and keto* fluorescence peaks of Pz3HC-3 in CYC solvent are quenched by ISC and TICT process, respectively. Our work not only provides a satisfactory explanation of the novel dynamics mechanism for Pz3HC system, but also brings light to the design and application of new sensing molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Min Yang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaotong Guan
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Guangyong Jin
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
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Duarte LGTA, Moraes ES, Wakabayashi PSS, da Luz LC, Cercená R, Zapp E, Atvars TDZ, Dal-Bó AG, Rodembusch FS. Revealing the ESIPT process in benzoxazole fluorophores within polymeric matrices through theory and experiment. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38932563 DOI: 10.1111/php.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The impact of the polymeric matrix on the photophysical characteristics of monomeric dyes responsive to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was investigated through UV-Vis absorption as well as steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopies. For this purpose, two benzoxazole monomers (M1 and M2) with acryloyl groups at different positions in their molecular structures were employed to facilitate covalent bonding within a styrene chain. Our findings reveal significant variations in their excited-state properties due to the proximity of the acryloyl groups, which affects the energy barrier of the ESIPT reaction, the emission wavelength, and the balance between the normal and tautomeric forms. The experimental results were corroborated through theoretical investigations at the DFT/TDDFT level, specifically using the B3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP methodology. Three notable observations emerged: donor/acceptor groups at the meta/para positions induced electron distribution changes, causing red-shifted emission for M2; in the polymer film, particularly in PM1, intramolecular hydrogen bond deactivation favored N* emission over T* emission; and the zwitterionic character of the T* species. This study underscores the advantages of functionalization in polymers, which can lead to colorless films and prevalent N* or T* emission, and contributes valuable insights into molecular design strategies for tailoring the photophysical properties of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lilian Camargo da Luz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cercená
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Zapp
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Educação (CEE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiano Severo Rodembusch
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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3
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Yang M, Mu H, Gao J, Zhen Q, Wang X, Guan X, Li H, Li B. Screening the Optimal Probe by Expounding the ESIPT Mechanism and Photophysical Properties in Bis-HBX with Multimodal Substitutions. Molecules 2024; 29:2692. [PMID: 38893566 PMCID: PMC11173473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DFT and TD-DFT were used in this article to investigate the effects of different substitutions at multiple sites on the photophysical mechanism of bis-HBX in the gas phase. Four different substitution modes were selected, denoted as A1 (X=Me, Y=S), A2 (X=OMe, Y=S), B1 (X=Me, Y=NH), and C1 (X=Me, Y=O). The geometric parameters proved that the IHBs enhanced after photoexcitation, which was conducive to promote the ESIPT process. Combining the analysis of the PECs, it was revealed that the bis-HBX molecule underwent the ESIPT process, and the ease of the ESIPT process was in the order of A1 > A2> B1 > C1. In particular, the TICT process in A1 and B1 promoted the occurrence of the ESIPT process. In addition, the IC process was identified, particularly in C1. Meanwhile, the calculation of fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence rate further confirmed that A1 was the most effective fluorescent probe molecule. This theoretical research provides an innovative theoretical reference for regulating ESIPT reactions and optimizing fluorescent probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Hongyan Mu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Jiaan Gao
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Qi Zhen
- School of Civil Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaotong Guan
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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Paul L, Das S. Dangling Water Molecules Bridge for ESIPT in Aggregated TMP: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6892-6901. [PMID: 37614172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study on the occurrence of excited-state proton transfer in an aggregated structure of 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-6-methoxyphenol (TMP) exclusively in water among polar solvents, as reported in a recent experiment (Bhattacharyya, A. New J. Chem. 2019, 43, 15087). Our extensive investigation of the TMP monomer and dimer implementing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, in three different solvents, namely, water, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with explicit inclusion of solvent molecules demonstrated the existence of both enol and keto forms of the TMP dimer in the excited state, but only in water; this confirmed the experimental emission spectra completely and simultaneously validated the aggregation-induced emission phenomenon. Further analysis of various parameters such as potential energy scan (PES) of the hydroxyl (O-H) bond involved in hydrogen bonding, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and infrared (IR) stretching frequencies of both the monomer and dimer forms of TMP in different solvents clearly indicated the geometry of the dimer, with the arrangement of the solvent molecules to be the sole reason for the excited-state charge transfer. The bridging alignment of water molecules in between the stacked units of the TMP dimer results in intermolecular interactions, ultimately leading to intermolecular proton transfer in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopa Paul
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman Das
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata 700032, India
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Lapinski L, Rostkowska H, Nowacki J, Nowak MJ. Photoinduced Long-Distance Hydrogen-Atom Transfer in Molecules with a 7-Hydroxyquinoline Frame and a Carbaldehyde or Aldoxime Group as the Intramolecular Hydrogen Transporting Crane. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3104-3113. [PMID: 37011132 PMCID: PMC10108369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical properties of monomeric 7-hydroxyquinoline substituted at position 8 with carbaldehyde or aldoxime groups were studied for the molecules isolated in solid Ar low-temperature matrices (at 10 K). It was experimentally demonstrated that upon UV excitation, both carbaldehyde and aldoxime groups act as intramolecular cranes transmitting hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl group to the remote nitrogen atom of the quinoline ring. Furthermore, in the case of 7-hydroxyquinoline-8-aldoxime (and its derivatives), the second photochemical channel was activated upon UV (λ > 360 nm) excitation. This process involves syn-anti isomerization around the double C═N bond in the aldoxime group. The structures of the reactant hydroxy tautomeric form and the photoproduced isomers of the studied molecules were unequivocally determined by means of IR spectroscopy combined with theoretical predictions of the IR spectra of the candidate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Lapinski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Rostkowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Nowacki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej J Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Wróblewski T, Ushakou D. Stepwise Excited-state Double Proton Transfer and Fluorescence Decay Analysis. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:103-111. [PMID: 36271973 PMCID: PMC9892138 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work considers excited state intramolecular proton transfers (ESIPT) occurred in multiple hydroxyl-containing compounds with one proton transfer site in the normal form. If several hydroxyl groups are located close to each other in a molecule, then the ESIPT process can lead to the next one. A proton donor site in the first ESIPT will be a proton acceptor during the second reaction. Therefore, a number of consecutive excited state proton transfers can occur. This work deals with the case of two successive proton transfers occurred in the molecular system. Such process is called as a stepwise excited state intramolecular double proton transfer (stepwise ESIDPT). It leads to the formation of two molecular tautomers. Therefore, fluorescence of such compounds can contain different emission bands correspond to emission of normal form and two tautomers. In this work, a rigorous analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics has been made using the model with three species, including a normal molecular form and two tautomers. The work presents theoretical framework of fluorescence decay analysis of ESIDPT process taking into account three species emission. Theoretically, the stepwise proton transfers can be consisted of more than two ESIPT reactions. It depends on molecular structure and number of involved hydroxyl groups. Here, a formal analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics has been made in the case of a stepwise process consisting of two proton transfers. Moreover, the quantum-chemical calculations have been performed in the case of scutellarein. It is a multiple hydroxyl-containing flavone and, therefore, it can be applied as a model molecule to study stepwise intramolecular proton transfers. The hypothetical scheme of ESIDPT has been proposed for this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wróblewski
- Institute of Exact and Technical Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, str. Arciszewskiego 22b, Słupsk, 76-200, Poland
| | - Dzmitryi Ushakou
- Institute of Exact and Technical Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, str. Arciszewskiego 22b, Słupsk, 76-200, Poland.
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Ali R, Ghannay S, Messaoudi S, Alminderej FM, Aouadi K, Saleh SM. A Reversible Optical Sensor Film for Mercury Ions Discrimination Based on Isoxazolidine Derivative and Exhibiting pH Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1028. [PMID: 36421146 PMCID: PMC9688351 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new optical sensor for tracing Hg(II) ions. The detection affinity examines within a concentration range of 0-4.0 µM Hg(II). The sensor film is based on Methyl 2-hydroxy-3-(((2S,2'R,3a'S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5,5'-dimethyl-4'-oxotetrahydro-2'H-spiro[cy-clohexane-1,6'-im-idazo[1,5-b]isoxazol]-2'-yl)methyl)-5-methylbenzoate (IXZD). The novel synthesized compound could be utilized as an optical turn-on chemosensor for pH. The emission intensity is highly enhanced for the deprotonated form concerning the protonated form. IXZD probe has a characteristic fluorescence peak at 481 nm under excitation of 351 nm with large Stocks shift of approximately 130 nm. In addition, the binding process of IXZD:Hg(II) presents a 1:1 molar ratio which is proved by the large quench of the 481 nm emission peak of IXZD and the growth of a new emission peak at 399 nm (blue shift). The binding configurations with one Hg(II) cation and its electronic characteristics were investigated by applying the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) theoretical results were provided to examine Hg(II)-IXZD structures and their electronic properties in solution. The developed chemical sensor was offered based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The sensor film has a significantly low limit of detection (LOD) for Hg(II) of 0.025 μM in pH 7.4, with a relative standard deviation RSDr (1%, n = 3). Lastly, the IXZD shows effective binding affinity to mercury ions, and the binding constant Kb was estimated to be 5.80 × 105 M-1. Hence, this developed optical sensor film has a significant efficiency for tracing mercury ions based on IXZD molecule-doped sensor film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
| | - Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabri Messaoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Sayed M. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt
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4a,7a-Dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-2′,3′,4a,5′,6′,7a-hexahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-4,4′-pyran]-2,7(1H,3H)-dione. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An environment-friendly photochemical approach to the synthesis of 4a,7a-dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-2′,3′,4a,5′,6′,7a-hexahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-4,4′-pyran]-2,7(1H,3H)-dione from 2-(4-(3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide was elaborated. The suggested method is based on the ESIPT-promoted contraction of 3-hydroxypyran-4-one fragment followed by intramolecular cyclization of generated in situ α-hydroxy-1,2-diketone intermediate. The distinctive feature of the presented protocol is the employment of water as a solvent for the considered photoreaction. The structure of the obtained photoproduct was confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR, IR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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9
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Anomalous emission of an ESIPT-capable zinc(II) complex: an interplay of TADF, TICT and anti-Kasha behaviour. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Shekhovtsov NA, Vinogradova KA, Vorobyova SN, Berezin AS, Plyusnin VF, Naumov DY, Pervukhina NV, Nikolaenkova EB, Tikhonov AY, Bushuev MB. N-Hydroxy- N-oxide photoinduced tautomerization and excitation wavelength dependent luminescence of ESIPT-capable zinc(II) complexes with a rationally designed 1-hydroxy-2,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-imidazole ESIPT-ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9818-9835. [PMID: 35708132 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of 1-hydroxy-1H-imidazoles to undergo proton transfer processes and to exist in N-hydroxy and N-oxide tautomeric forms can be used in coordination chemistry for the design of ESIPT-capable complexes. A series of ESIPT-capable zinc(II) complexes [Zn(HL)Hal2] (Hal = Cl, Br, I) with a rationally designed ESIPT-ligand 1-hydroxy-5-methyl-2,4-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (HL) featuring spatially separated metal binding and ESIPT sites have been synthesized and characterized. Crystals of these compounds consist of a mixture of two isomers of [Zn(HL)Hal2]. Only a major isomer has a short intramolecular hydrogen bond O-H⋯N as a pre-requisite for ESIPT. In the solid state, the complexes [Zn(HL)Hal2] demonstrate temperature- and excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence in the cyan region due to the interplay of two intraligand fluorescence channels with excited state lifetimes spanning from 0.2 to 4.3 ns. The coordination of HL by Zn2+ ions results in an increase in the photoluminescence efficiency, and the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the complexes reach 12% at λex = 300 nm and 27% at λex = 400 nm in comparison with the PLQY of free HL of ca. 2%. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that N-hydroxy-N-oxide phototautomerization is both thermodynamically and kinetically favourable in the S1 state for [Zn(HL)Hal2]. The proton transfer induces considerable geometrical reorganizations and therefore results in large Stokes shifts of ca. 230 nm. In contrast, auxiliary ESIPT-incapable complexes [ZnL2][Zn(OAc)2]2·2H2O and [ZnL2][ZnCl2]2·4H2O with the deprotonated ligand exhibit excitation wavelength independent emission in the violet region with the Stokes shift reduced to ca. 130 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Katerina A Vinogradova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Sofia N Vorobyova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Victor F Plyusnin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Naumov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Natalia V Pervukhina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Elena B Nikolaenkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexsei Ya Tikhonov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mark B Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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11
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Milyutin CV, Komogortsev AN, Lichitsky BV, Melekhina VG. A study of the photochemical behavior of terarylenes containing allomaltol and pyrazole fragments. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:588-596. [PMID: 35673406 PMCID: PMC9152273 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemical properties behavior of 3-hydroxy-4-pyranone containing terarylenes with a pyrazole bridge fragment were studied. It was shown that UV-induced 6π-electrocyclization of the 1,3,5-hexatriene system was not observed for the considered objects molecules. At the same time, the phototransformation of such systems proceeds exclusively in the direction of the contraction of the pyranone ring leading to unstable α-hydroxydiketones. For the first time the possibility of isolation of the resulting α-hydroxydiketones in pure form was demonstrated. Wherein, it was shown that relatively low stable α-hydroxydiketones can be trapped by reaction with 1,2-phenylenediamine. The general method for the preparation of the corresponding quinoxalines on the basis of the aforementioned condensation was implemented. It was demonstrated that the studied photoreaction does not depend on the type of pyrazole bridge. The structures of three of synthesized products were established by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine V Milyutin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey N Komogortsev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V Lichitsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriya G Melekhina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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12
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Li Q, Wan Y, Zhou Q, Li Y, Li B, Zhu L, Wan Y, Yin H, Shi Y. Exploring the effect of nitrile substituent position on fluorescence quantum yield of ESIPT-based oxazoline derivatives: A TDDFT investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120953. [PMID: 35131621 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We explore the mechanism specifically on quantum yields difference of 2-(4,4-Dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxybenzonitrile (1-CN) and 4-(4,4-Dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxybenzonitrile (3-CN) by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. The structures optimization and the potential energy curves scanning of singlet excited state directly prove that the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) can take place in 1-CN and 3-CN molecules. The calculated spectra show that the fluorescence peaks of two molecules come from the emission of keto* configuration. The non-covalent interaction and the atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld charge are also analyzed. Through the comparison of emission oscillator strength between 1-CN and 3-CN molecules suggests that the radiative transition process is not the main reason for the difference on quantum yields. Internal conversion process is also excluded on account of the large energy gap between S0 and S1. Considering the interaction between singlet and triplet states, both molecules can undergo intersystem crossing. The prominent difference is that, compared with 3-CN, the larger spin-orbit coupling constant and smaller energy level difference promote the intersystem crossing process of 1-CN. This provides direct evidence for the fluorescence quantum yield of 1-CN is lower than that of 3-CN. We envision that the present work can provide help for the synthesis and application of ESIPT compounds with high quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - You Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yongfeng Wan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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13
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Komogortsev AN, Milyutin CV, Lichitsky BV, Melekhina VG. Photoinduced 6π-Electrocyclization of 1,3,5-hexatriene system containing allomaltol fragment: A convenient approach to polycondensed pyrrole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Effect of solvent polarity on ESDPT process of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Shekhovtsov NA, Ryadun AA, Bushuev MB. Luminescence of a Zinc(II) Complex with a Protonated 1‐Hydroxy‐1
H
‐imidazole ESIPT Ligand: Direct Excitation of a Tautomeric Form. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexey A. Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Mark B. Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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16
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Rostkowska H, Luchowska A, Lapinski L, Nowak MJ. Effect of a Solid-Hydrogen Environment on UV-Induced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer in Matrix-Isolated Heterocyclic Thione Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7437-7448. [PMID: 34406775 PMCID: PMC8419844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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To shed more light
on the mechanisms of UV-induced hydrogen-atom-transfer
processes in heterocyclic molecules, phototautomeric thione →
thiol reactions were investigated for thione compounds isolated in
low-temperature Ar as well as in n-H2 (normal hydrogen)
matrices. These studies concerned thione compounds with a five-membered
heterocyclic ring and thione compounds with a six-membered heterocyclic
ring. The experimental investigation of 2-thioimidazole and 3-thio-1,2,4-triazole
(thione compounds with a five-membered heterocyclic ring) revealed
that for the compounds isolated in solid n-H2 only trace
amounts of thiol photoproducts were photogenerated; even though for
the same compounds isolated in the solid Ar matrix, the thione → thiol photoconversion
was nearly
total. In contrast to that, for 3-thiopyridazine and 2-thioquinoline
(thione compounds with a six-membered heterocyclic
ring) isolated in solid n-H2, the UV-induced thione →
thiol conversion occurred with the yield reaching 25–50% of
the yield of the analogous process observed for the same species isolated
in solid Ar. The obtained experimental results allow us to conclude
that the dissociation–association mechanism nearly exclusively
governs the phototransformation in thione heterocycles with high barriers
for tautomerization (such as thione compounds with a five-membered
ring), whereas the strictly intramolecular hydrogen-atom shift contributes
to the mechanism of hydrogen-atom transfer in thione heterocycles
with lower barriers (such as thione compounds with a six-membered
ring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rostkowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Luchowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Lapinski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej J Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Jankowska J, Sobolewski AL. Modern Theoretical Approaches to Modeling the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175140. [PMID: 34500574 PMCID: PMC8434569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon is nowadays widely acknowledged to play a crucial role in many photobiological and photochemical processes. It is an extremely fast transformation, often taking place at sub-100 fs timescales. While its experimental characterization can be highly challenging, a rich manifold of theoretical approaches at different levels is nowadays available to support and guide experimental investigations. In this perspective, we summarize the state-of-the-art quantum-chemical methods, as well as molecular- and quantum-dynamics tools successfully applied in ESIPT process studies, focusing on a critical comparison of their specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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18
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Luminescent excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer dyes based on 4-functionalized 6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine (BP(OH)2-Rs); DFT simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107948. [PMID: 34082341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The 4-functionalized 6,6'-dimethyl-3,3'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine dyes (BP(OH)2-Rs) have exhibited dienol and diketo emissions. The optimum geometrical structures for ground, singlet and triplet excited states are computed by DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G that showed the planarity of BP(OH)2-Rs structure. The emission spectra of the molecules are determined in the gas-phase at singlet and triplet excited states using CIS/6-31++G. The theoretical calculations are carried out for BP(OH)2-Rs to understand the impact of different substituents (R = -H (I), -Br (II), -TMS (III), -C2H (IV), -terpyridine (V) and -bodipy (diazaboraindacene) (VI)) on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in singlet and triplet excited states. Based on the calculations, the concerted diproton transfer proceeds in the triplet excited state, in which nπ* state has a significant participation in ESIPT. The spectral variation at ESIPT emission of BP(OH)2-Rs is influenced by the electron-acceptor ability of the substituents. The compound V revealed a higher spectral intensity compared to the others. From the comparison with the experimental data, the molecule V is almost planar agreed with the X-ray structure and trend variation of wavelengths. The molecule VI contains bodipy chromophore that excitation energy transfers completely from BP(OH)2 core to a bodipy substituent, leading to emission from the lowest-lying bodipy substituent, and consequently, ESIPT does not occur for this dye.
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19
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The effects of different substitution heterocycles on ESIPT processes for three 2-(2′-hydroxybenzofuran)-benzoxazole compounds. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Fehér PP. Density Functional Theory Evaluation of a Photoinduced Intramolecular Aryl Ether Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2706-2713. [PMID: 33412846 PMCID: PMC7880577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Recently, a new approach of converting
(hetero)aryl ethers to C–C
coupled products via a photoinduced intramolecular rearrangement has
been reported. Although this reaction is photocatalyst-free, it requires
excitation in the ultraviolet (UV) range. To help refine this process,
three different 2-(hetero)aryloxybenzaldehydes are selected from the
available substrate scope in which the general mechanism based on
experimental results is evaluated using density functional theory
calculations. The reaction takes place in the triplet state after
photoexcitation and includes three main steps: the addition of carbonyl
carbon to the ipso carbon of the aryl ether followed
by the C–O cleavage of the resulting spirocyclic intermediates
and then the transfer of the formyl proton to afford 2-hydroxybenzophenone-type
products. This agrees with the experiments, but the calculated pathways
show considerable differences between the three substrates. Above
all, either the first or the second step can be rate-determining but
not the C–H activation. The important factor behind the differences
is the spin-density rearrangement, which is mainly responsible for
the barrier of the ether cleavage. Based on the obtained insights,
the strategy to improve the ∼250 nm excitation has been briefly
discussed, and promising molecules are proposed to improve the scope
of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pál Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Long Y, Liu J, Tian D, Dai F, Zhang S, Zhou B. Cooperation of ESIPT and ICT Processes in the Designed 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole Derivative: A Near-Infrared Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for the Detection of Cysteine and Its Application in Biological Environments. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14236-14243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Junru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Dihua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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22
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Freitas VLS, da Silva MDMCR. Structural and Energetic Insights on Two Dye Compounds: 1-Acetyl-2-Naphthol and 2-Acetyl-1-Naphthol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173827. [PMID: 32842699 PMCID: PMC7504395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy involved in the structural switching of acyl and hydroxyl substituents in the title compounds was evaluated combining experimental and computational studies. Combustion calorimetry and Knudsen effusion techniques were used to determine the enthalpies of formation, in the crystalline state, and of sublimation, respectively. The gas-phase enthalpy of formation of both isomers was derived combining these two experimental data. Concerning the computational study, the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite method was used to optimize and determine the energy of the isomers in the gaseous state. From a set of hypothetical reactions it has been possible to estimate the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of the title compounds. The good agreement between the experimental and computational gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the 1-acetyl-2-naphthol and 2-acetyl-1-naphthol isomers, provided the confidence for extending the computational study to the 2-acetyl-3-naphthol isomer. The structural rearrangement of the substituents in position 1 and 2 in the naphthalene ring and the energy of the intramolecular hydrogen bond are the factors responsible for the energetic differences exhibited by the isomers. The gas phase tautomeric keto ↔ enol equilibria of the o-acetylnaphthol isomers were analyzed using the Boltzmann’s distribution.
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