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Courme B, Vernière C, Svihra P, Gigan S, Nomerotski A, Defienne H. Quantifying high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3439-3442. [PMID: 37390150 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional entanglement is a promising resource for quantum technologies. Being able to certify it for any quantum state is essential. However, to date, experimental entanglement certification methods are imperfect and leave some loopholes open. Using a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera, we quantify high-dimensional spatial entanglement by collecting all output modes and without background subtraction, two critical steps on the route toward assumptions-free entanglement certification. We show position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations and quantify the entanglement of formation of our source to be larger than 2.8 along both transverse spatial axes, indicating a dimension higher than 14. Our work overcomes important challenges in photonic entanglement quantification and paves the way toward the development of practical quantum information processing protocols based on high-dimensional entanglement.
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2
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Vidyapin V, Zhang Y, England D, Sussman B. Characterisation of a single photon event camera for quantum imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1009. [PMID: 36653398 PMCID: PMC9849442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We show a simple yet effective method that can be used to characterize the per pixel quantum efficiency and temporal resolution of a single photon event camera for quantum imaging applications. Utilizing photon pairs generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, the detection efficiency of each pixel, and the temporal resolution of the system, are extracted through coincidence measurements. We use this method to evaluate the TPX3CAM, with appended image intensifier, and measure an average efficiency of [Formula: see text]% and a temporal resolution of 7.3 ns. Furthermore, this technique reveals important error mechanisms that can occur in post-processing. We expect that this technique, and elements therein, will be useful to characterise other quantum imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vidyapin
- grid.24433.320000 0004 0449 7958National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- grid.24433.320000 0004 0449 7958National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Duncan England
- grid.24433.320000 0004 0449 7958National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Benjamin Sussman
- grid.24433.320000 0004 0449 7958National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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Wood D, Burleigh RJ, Smith N, Bortoletto D, Brouard M, Burt M, Nomerotski A, Plackett R, Shipsey I. Ion Microscope Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using a Timepix3-Based Optical Camera. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2328-2332. [PMID: 36383767 PMCID: PMC9732873 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ion microscopy allows for high-throughput mass spectrometry imaging. In order to resolve congested mass spectra, a high degree of timing precision is required from the microscope detector. In this paper we present an ion microscope mass spectrometer that uses a Timepix3 hybrid pixel readout with an optimal 1.56 ns resolution. A novel triggering technique is also employed to remove the need for an external time-to-digital converter (TDC) and allow the experiment to be performed using a low-cost and commercially available readout system. Results obtained from samples of rhodamine B demonstrate the application of multimass imaging sensors for microscope mass spectrometry imaging with high mass resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wood
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Burleigh
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Smith
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Bortoletto
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Plackett
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Shipsey
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
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4
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Zhao J, Lyons A, Ulku AC, Defienne H, Faccio D, Charbon E. Light detection and ranging with entangled photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3675-3683. [PMID: 35209621 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a key technology for depth imaging through complex environments. Despite recent advances, an open challenge is the ability to isolate the LiDAR signal from other spurious sources including background light and jamming signals. Here we show that a time-resolved coincidence scheme can address these challenges by exploiting spatio-temporal correlations between entangled photon pairs. We demonstrate that a photon-pair-based LiDAR can distill desired depth information in the presence of both synchronous and asynchronous spurious signals without prior knowledge of the scene and the target object. This result enables the development of robust and secure quantum LiDAR systems and paves the way to time-resolved quantum imaging applications.
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5
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Losko AS, Han Y, Schillinger B, Tartaglione A, Morgano M, Strobl M, Long J, Tremsin AS, Schulz M. New perspectives for neutron imaging through advanced event-mode data acquisition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21360. [PMID: 34725403 PMCID: PMC8560941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging using scintillators is a widespread and cost-effective approach in radiography. While different types of scintillator and sensor configurations exist, it can be stated that the detection efficiency and resolution of a scintillator-based system strongly depend on the scintillator material and its thickness. Recently developed event-driven detectors are capable of registering spots of light emitted by the scintillator after a particle interaction, allowing to reconstruct the Center-of-Mass of the interaction within the scintillator. This results in a more precise location of the event and therefore provides a pathway to overcome the scintillator thickness limitation and increase the effective spatial resolution of the system. Utilizing this principle, we present a detector capable of Time-of-Flight imaging with an adjustable field-of-view, ad-hoc binning and re-binning of data based on the requirements of the experiment including the possibility of particle discrimination via the analysis of the event shape in space and time. It is considered that this novel concept might replace regular cameras in neutron imaging detectors as it provides superior detection capabilities with the most recent results providing an increase by a factor 3 in image resolution and an increase by up to a factor of 7.5 in signal-to-noise for thermal neutron imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Losko
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Y Han
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - B Schillinger
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A Tartaglione
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - M Morgano
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Strobl
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J Long
- Amsterdam Scientific Instruments, 1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Tremsin
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M Schulz
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, 85748, Garching, Germany
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6
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Zhang Y, England D, Nomerotski A, Sussman B. High speed imaging of spectral-temporal correlations in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28217-28227. [PMID: 34614958 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate spectral-temporal correlation measurements of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference effect with the use of a spectrometer based on a photon-counting camera. This setup allows us to take, within seconds, spectral temporal correlation measurements on entangled photon sources with sub-nanometer spectral resolution and nanosecond timing resolution. Through post processing, we can observe the HOM behaviour for any number of spectral filters of any shape and width at any wavelength over the observable spectral range. Our setup also offers great versatility in that it is capable of operating at a wide spectral range from the visible to the near infrared and does not require a pulsed pump laser for timing purposes. This work offers the ability to gain large amounts of spectral and temporal information from a HOM interferometer quickly and efficiently and will be a very useful tool for many quantum technology applications and fundamental quantum optics research.
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7
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Sen R, Zhdanov AV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Hirvonen LM, Svihra P, Fitzgerald P, Cryan JF, Andersson-Engels S, Nomerotski A, Papkovsky DB. Mapping O 2 concentration in ex-vivo tissue samples on a fast PLIM macro-imager. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19006. [PMID: 33149165 PMCID: PMC7642408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
O2 PLIM microscopy was employed in various studies, however current platforms have limitations in sensitivity, image acquisition speed, accuracy and general usability. We describe a new PLIM imager based on the Timepix3 camera (Tpx3cam) and its application for imaging of O2 concentration in various tissue samples stained with a nanoparticle based probe, NanO2-IR. Upon passive staining of mouse brain, lung or intestinal tissue surface with minute quantities of NanO2-IR or by microinjecting the probe into the lumen of small or large intestine fragments, robust phosphorescence intensity and lifetime signals were produced, which allow mapping of O2 in the tissue within 20 s. Inhibition of tissue respiration or limitation of O2 diffusion to tissue produced the anticipated increases or decreases in O2 levels, respectively. The difference in O2 concentration between the colonic lumen and air-exposed serosal surface was around 140 µM. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of 5 µg of the probe in intact organs (a paw or tail of sacrificed mice) enabled efficient O2 imaging at tissue depths of up to 0.5 mm. Overall, the PLIM imager holds promise for metabolic imaging studies with various ex vivo models of animal tissue, and also for use in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajannya Sen
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liisa M Hirvonen
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Svihra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | | | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrei Nomerotski
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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8
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Eckmann B, Bessire B, Unternährer M, Gasparini L, Perenzoni M, Stefanov A. Characterization of space-momentum entangled photons with a time resolving CMOS SPAD array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:31553-31571. [PMID: 33115126 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon avalanche diode arrays can provide both the spatial and temporal information of each detected photon. We present here the characterization of spatially entangled photons with a 32 × 32 pixel sensor, specifically designed for quantum imaging applications. The sensor is time-tagging each detection event at pixel level with sub-nanosecond accuracy within frames of 50 ns. The spatial correlations between any number of detections in a defined temporal window can thus be directly extracted from the data.The space-momentum entanglement of photon pairs is demonstrated by violating an EPR-type inequality directly from the measured near-field correlations and far-field anti-correlations.
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9
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Nomerotski A, Keach M, Stankus P, Svihra P, Vintskevich S. Counting of Hong-Ou-Mandel Bunched Optical Photons Using a Fast Pixel Camera. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3475. [PMID: 32575595 PMCID: PMC7349248 DOI: 10.3390/s20123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The uses of a silicon-pixel camera with very good time resolution (∼nanosecond) for detecting multiple, bunched optical photons is explored. We present characteristics of the camera and describe experiments proving its counting capabilities. We use a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source to generate correlated photon pairs, and exploit the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference effect in a fiber-coupled beam splitter to bunch the pair onto the same output fiber. It is shown that the time and spatial resolution of the camera enables independent detection of two photons emerging simultaneously from a single spatial mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Nomerotski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Michael Keach
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Paul Stankus
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Svihra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen Vintskevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Moscow Region, Russia;
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