1
|
Ahmed N, Smith RW, Chen PX, Rogers MA, Spagnuolo PA. Bioaccessibility of avocado polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols. Food Chem 2024; 463:140811. [PMID: 39255710 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Avocado-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs), such as avocadene and avocadyne, have been recently identified as potent modulators of mitochondrial metabolism which selectively induce leukemia cell death and reverse pathologies associated with diet-induced obesity. However, avocadene and avocadyne bioaccessibility from avocado pulp is not reported; hence, this study aims to investigate if these PFAs are bioaccessible. Dynamic (TNO dynamic intestinal model-1 (TIM-1)) and static in vitro digestion of lyophilized Hass avocado pulp powder shows lipolytic gastrointestinal enzymes led to appreciable bioaccessibility of avocadene (55%) and avocadyne (50%). Furthermore, TIM-1 digestion of a 1:1 ratio of pure avocadene and avocadyne (avocatin B or AvoB) crystals formulated in an oil-in-water microemulsion has on average 15% higher bioaccessibility than the avocado pulp powder demonstrating both dosage forms as potential dietary sources of avocado PFAs. This research provides the impetus for further research on the nutritional significance of dietary long chain fatty alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Richard W Smith
- University of Waterloo Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Peter X Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pinheiro Pantoja KR, Melo Aires GC, Ferreira CP, de Lima MDC, Menezes EGO, de Carvalho Junior RN. Supercritical Technology as an Efficient Alternative to Cold Pressing for Avocado Oil: A Comparative Approach. Foods 2024; 13:2424. [PMID: 39123615 PMCID: PMC11311359 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil is rich in nutrients beneficial to human health, such as monounsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, tocopherol, and carotenoids, with numerous possibilities for application in industry. This review explores, through a comparative approach, the effectiveness of the supercritical oil extraction process as an alternative to the conventional cold-pressing method, evaluating the differences in the extraction process steps through the effect of temperature and operating pressure on bioactive quality and oil yield. The results reveal that supercritical avocado oil has a yield like that of mechanical cold pressing and superior functional and bioactive quality, especially in relation to α-tocopherol and carotenoids. For better use and efficiency of the supercritical technology, the maturation stage, moisture content, fruit variety, and collection period stand out as essential factors to be observed during pre-treatment, as they directly impact oil yield and nutrient concentration. In addition, the use of supercritical technology enables the full use of the fruit, significantly reducing waste, and adds value to the agro-industrial residues of the process. It produces an edible oil free of impurities, microorganisms, and organic solvents. It is a green, environmentally friendly technology with long-term environmental and economic advantages and an interesting alternative in the avocado market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Roberta Pinheiro Pantoja
- Program of Post-Graduation in Natural Resources Engineering in the Amazon (PRODERNA), Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Giselle Cristine Melo Aires
- Program of Post-Graduation in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Clara Prestes Ferreira
- Food Science and Technology Laboratory (LCTEA), Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (C.P.F.); (M.d.C.d.L.)
| | - Matheus da Costa de Lima
- Food Science and Technology Laboratory (LCTEA), Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (C.P.F.); (M.d.C.d.L.)
| | - Eduardo Gama Ortiz Menezes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), 4985 Calama Avenue, Porto Velho 76820441, RO, Brazil;
| | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior
- Program of Post-Graduation in Food Science and Technology, Program of Post-Graduation in Natural Resources Engineering in the Amazon, Federal University of Pará, 01 Augusto Corrêa Street, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scomoroscenco C, Teodorescu M, Nistor CL, Gifu IC, Petcu C, Banciu DD, Banciu A, Cinteza LO. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Alkyl Polyglucoside-Based Microemulsion for Topical Administration of Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051420. [PMID: 37242662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex and selective system from the perspective of permeability to substances from the external environment. Microemulsion systems have demonstrated a high performance in encapsulating, protecting and transporting active substances through the skin. Due to the low viscosity of microemulsion systems and the importance of a texture that is easy to apply in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields, gel microemulsions are increasingly gaining more interest. The aim of this study was to develop new microemulsion systems for topical use; to identify a suitable water-soluble polymer in order to obtain gel microemulsions; and to study the efficacy of the developed microemulsion and gel microemulsion systems in the delivery of a model active ingredient, namely curcumin, into the skin. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was developed using AKYPO® SOFT 100 BVC, PLANTACARE® 2000 UP Solution and ethanol as a surfactant mix; caprylic/capric triglycerides, obtained from coconut oil, as the oily phase; and distilled water. To obtain gel microemulsions, sodium hyaluronate salt was used. All these ingredients are safe for the skin and are biodegradable. The selected microemulsions and gel microemulsions were physicochemically characterized by means of dynamic light scattering, electrical conductivity, polarized microscopy and rheometric measurements. To evaluate the efficiency of the selected microemulsion and gel microemulsion to deliver the encapsulated curcumin, an in vitro permeation study was performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Scomoroscenco
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Lavinia Nistor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Catalina Gifu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Petcu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ludmila Otilia Cinteza
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blv. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saffarionpour S, Diosady LL. Delivery of curcumin through colloidal systems and its applications in functional foods. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
5
|
Jayasankar V, Vrdoljak N, Roma A, Ahmed N, Tcheng M, Minden MD, Spagnuolo PA. Novel Mango Ginger Bioactive (2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3,5-diprenyldihydrochalcone) Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism in Combination with Avocatin B. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1682-1693. [PMID: 35071863 PMCID: PMC8771686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with limited effective chemotherapy options and negative patient outcomes. Food-derived molecules such as avocatin B (Avo B), a fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor, are promising novel therapeutics. The roots of the Curcuma amada plants have been historically used in traditional medicine, but isolated bioactive compounds have seldom been studied. Here, we report that 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-diprenyldihydrochalcone (M1), a bioactive from C. Amada, possesses novel anticancer activity. This in vitro study investigated the antileukemia properties of M1 and its effects on mitochondrial metabolism. In combination with Avo B, M1 synergistically reduced AML cell line viability and patient-derived clonogenic growth with no effect on normal peripheral blood stem cells. Mechanistically, M1 alone inhibited mitochondria complex I, while the M1/Avo B combination inhibited FAO by 60%, a process essential to the synergy. These results identified a novel food-derived bioactive and its potential as a novel chemotherapeutic for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Jayasankar
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Nikolina Vrdoljak
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Alessia Roma
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Nawaz Ahmed
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew Tcheng
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Mark D. Minden
- University
Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul A. Spagnuolo
- Department
of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dhritlahre RK, Ruchika, Padwad Y, Saneja A. Self-emulsifying formulations to augment therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals: From concepts to clinic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
7
|
Tcheng M, Minden MD, Spagnuolo PA. Avocado-derived avocadyne is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13895. [PMID: 34397122 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avocatin-B (Avo-B), an avocado-derived 1:1 mixture of the polyhydroxylated alcohols avocadyne (AYNE) and avocadene, eliminated leukemia cells by suppressing fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in vivo and in vitro while sparing healthy blood cells. In this study, we identified AYNE as the most potent FAO inhibitor within the Avo-B mixture capable of inducing cell death in leukemia cells lines (IC50 : 3.10 ± 0.14 µM in TEX cells; 11.53 ± 3.32 µM in OCI-AML2) and patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia cells. When added individually, the two Avo-B constituents demonstrated antagonism (Combination Index values >1), highlighting the need for future studies to assess AYNE alone. Together, this work highlighted AYNE as the most potent FAO inhibitor within the Avo-B mixture. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This work identifies which of the two molecules in avocatin B (Avo-B), an avocado-derived mixture of two molecules with demonstrated human safety, utility against leukemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, is most useful. Therefore, it provides the basis for future clinical studies that will focus on testing and developing the most active Avo-B constituent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tcheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Center, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Very long chain fatty acid metabolism is required in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2021; 137:3518-3532. [PMID: 33720355 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells have an atypical metabolic phenotype characterized by increased mitochondrial mass, as well as a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for survival. To exploit this altered metabolism, we assessed publicly available databases to identify FAO enzyme overexpression. Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD; ACADVL) was found to be overexpressed and critical to leukemia cell mitochondrial metabolism. Genetic attenuation or pharmacological inhibition of VLCAD hindered mitochondrial respiration and FAO contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in decreased viability, proliferation, clonogenic growth, and AML cell engraftment. Suppression of FAO at VLCAD triggered an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity that was insufficient to increase glycolysis but resulted in adenosine triphosphate depletion and AML cell death, with no effect on normal hematopoietic cells. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of VLCAD in AML cell biology and highlight a novel metabolic vulnerability for this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tcheng M, Cunha VLS, Ahmed N, Liu X, Smith RW, Rea KA, Akhtar TA, D'Alessandro A, Minden MD, Vockley J, O'Doherty GA, Lowary TL, Spagnuolo PA. Structure-activity relationship of avocadyne. Food Funct 2021; 12:6323-6333. [PMID: 34095930 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00693b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avocado consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. Avocadyne is a terminally unsaturated, 17-carbon long acetogenin found almost exclusively in avocados with noted anti-leukemia and anti-viral properties. In this study, specific structural features such as the terminal triple bond, odd number of carbons, and stereochemistry are shown to be critical to its ability to suppress mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and impart selective activity in vitro and in vivo. Together, this is the first study to conduct a structure-activity analysis on avocadyne and outline the chemical moieties critical to fatty acid oxidation suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tcheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd., Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G2W1.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|