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Park SH, Yoon KN, Xu Y, Gye MC. Role of p57KIP2 in Stem and Progenitor Leydig Cells of Mouse Testes. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e46. [PMID: 38772531 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precise control of proliferation and differentiation of Leydig cells is important for gonadal androgenesis and spermatogenesis. Though cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are crucial for cell proliferation and differentiation, their role in the development of early adult Leydig cells (ALCs) remained unanswered. To understand mechanism for ALC development, functional expression of p57KIP2 (cdkn1c) was investigated in the stem Leydig cells (SLCs) and progenitor Leydig cells (PLCs) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The roles of p57KIP2 in the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis in SLCs and PLCs were investigated by antibodies and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling in the early neonatal testes and p57kip2 siRNA in the isolated SLCs and PLCs. Steroidogenic differentiation of PLCs was examined by progesterone and testosterone production in cell culture. RESULTS From postnatal day (PND) 1 to 14, p57KIP2(+) spindle-shaped cells in the testis interstitium were α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)(-), a peritubular myoid cells marker, suggesting that they are SLCs and PLCs. Besides, p57KIP2 was also expressed in HSD3β(+) fetal Leydig cells. From PND1 to 14, BrdU(+)/αSMA(-), Ki67(+)/p57KIP2(+), and BrdU(+)/p57KIP2(+) spindle-shaped cells were gradually decreased. From PND1 to 14, p57KIP in the αSMA(-)/p57KIP2(+) cells was peaked at PND7 and decreased thereafter. In THY1(+) isolated SLCs, p57kip2 siRNA significantly increased ki67 and pcna mRNA and pdgfrα mRNA, a differentiation marker and decreased nestin mRNA, a SLC marker. No significant difference in apoptosis related genes mRNA was found after p57kip2 siRNA treatment. In HSD3β(+) PLCs, p57kip2 siRNA increased proapoptotic genes mRNA, annexin V(+) early-apoptotic cells. Importantly, p57kip2 siRNA significantly decreased hsd3β6 and cyp17a1 mRNA and progesterone production. CONCLUSIONS p57KIP2 may suppress proliferation and support stemness of SLCs. In PLCs, p57KIP2 may suppress apoptosis and potentiate the steroidogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Noh Yoon
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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Creff J, Nowosad A, Prel A, Pizzoccaro A, Aguirrebengoa M, Duquesnes N, Callot C, Jungas T, Dozier C, Besson A. p57 Kip2 acts as a transcriptional corepressor to regulate intestinal stem cell fate and proliferation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112659. [PMID: 37327110 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
p57Kip2 is a cyclin/CDK inhibitor and a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Here, we report that p57 regulates intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate and proliferation in a CDK-independent manner during intestinal development. In the absence of p57, intestinal crypts exhibit an increased proliferation and an amplification of transit-amplifying cells and of Hopx+ ISCs, which are no longer quiescent, while Lgr5+ ISCs are unaffected. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of Hopx+ ISCs show major gene expression changes in the absence of p57. We found that p57 binds to and inhibits the activity of Ascl2, a transcription factor critical for ISC specification and maintenance, by participating in the recruitment of a corepressor complex to Ascl2 target gene promoters. Thus, our data suggest that, during intestinal development, p57 plays a key role in maintaining Hopx+ ISC quiescence and repressing the ISC phenotype outside of the crypt bottom by inhibiting the transcription factor Ascl2 in a CDK-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ada Nowosad
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Prel
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Pizzoccaro
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Aguirrebengoa
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Duquesnes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Callot
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Jungas
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Dozier
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Elson DJ, Nguyen BD, Wood R, Zhang Y, Puig-Sanvicens V, Kolluri SK. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 interacts with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2056-2071. [PMID: 35735777 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1 functions to coordinate cell cycle progression through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. p27Kip1 also exerts distinct activities beyond CDK-inhibition, including functioning as a transcriptional regulator. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with diverse biological roles. The regulatory inputs that control AhR-mediated transcriptional responses are an active area of investigation. AhR was previously established as a direct regulator of p27Kip1 transcription. Here, we report the physical interaction of AhR and p27Kip1 and show that p27Kip1 expression negatively regulates AhR-mediated transcription. p27Kip1 knockout cells display increased AhR nuclear localisation and significantly higher expression of AhR target genes. This work thus identifies new regulatory cross-talk between p27Kip1 and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Elson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bach D Nguyen
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rhand Wood
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Veronica Puig-Sanvicens
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Multimodal Imaging under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Liver Cancer and Its Relationship with Expressions of EZH2 and p57. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:4081654. [PMID: 35321452 PMCID: PMC8938086 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4081654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective It aimed to explore the diagnostic efficacy of multimodal ultrasound images based on mask region with convolutional neural network (M-RCNN) segmentation algorithm for small liver cancer and analyze the expression of zeste gene enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) and p57 (P57 Kip2) genes in cancer cells. Methods A total of 100 patients suspected of small liver cancer were randomly divided into Doppler group (color Doppler ultrasound examination), contrast group (contrast ultrasound examination), elastic group (ultrasound elastography examination), and multimodal group (combined examination of the three methods), with 25 patients in each group. Images were processed by the M-RCNN segmentation algorithm. The results of the pathological biopsy were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the four methods. The liver tissues were then extracted and divided into observation group 1 (lesion tissue specimen), observation group 2 (liver tissue around cancer lesion), and control group (normal liver tissue), and the expression activities of EZH2 and p57 genes in the three groups were analyzed. Results The accuracy of M-RCNN (97.23%) and average precision (AP) (71.90%) were higher than other methods (P < 0.05). Sensitivity (88.87%), specific degree of consistency (90.91%), accuracy (89.47%), and consistence (0.68) of the multimodal group were better than the other three groups (P < 0.05). Low and medium differentiated cancer tissues had an irregular shape, unclear boundary, uneven internal echo, unchanged/enhanced posterior echo, blood flow level 1∼2, elastic score 4∼5, and enhancement mode fast in and fast out. The positive expression rate of EZH2 in observation group 1 (75.95%) was higher than that in the other two groups, the positive expression rate of p57 in observation group 1 (80.79%) was lower than that in the other two groups, and the positive expression rate of p57 in the highly differentiated cancer foci (80.79%) was significantly lower than that in the middle and low differentiated cancer foci (P < 0.05). Conclusions M-RCNN segmentation algorithm had a better segmentation effect. Multimodal ultrasound had a good effect on the benign and malignant diagnosis of small liver cancer and had a high clinical application value. The high expression of EZH2 and the decreased expression of p57 can promote the occurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma, and the deficiency of the P57 gene was related to the low differentiation of cancer cells.
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Kullmann MK, Pegka F, Ploner C, Hengst L. Stimulation of c-Jun/AP-1-Activity by the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p57 Kip2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664609. [PMID: 33928088 PMCID: PMC8076676 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p57 is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cell cycle inhibitors which restrict the eukaryotic cell cycle by binding to and inhibiting cyclin/CDK complexes. They are considered as tumor suppressors and inactivating genomic mutations of p57 are associated with human overgrowth disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that p57 controls additional cellular processes beyond cell cycle control such as apoptosis, cell migration or transcription. Here we report that p57 can stimulate AP-1 promotor activity. While transactivation by c-Jun is strongly activated by p57, it did not enhance c-Fos induced transcription. This indicates that c-Jun is the target of p57 in the canonical AP-1 heterodimeric transcription factor. We could detect endogenous p57/c-Jun containing complexes in cells by co-immunoprecipitation. The strong stimulation of c-Jun activity is not the consequence of activating phosphorylation in the transactivation domain (TAD) of c-Jun, but rather due to negative interference with c-Jun repressors and positive interference with c-Jun activators. In contrast to full-length p57, the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of p57 are insufficient for a significant activation of c-Jun induced transcription. When expressed in presence of full length p57, the p57 C-terminus abrogated and the N-terminus enhanced c-Jun activation. This indicates that the C-terminus may bind and sequester a putative activator of c-Jun, whereas the N-terminus may sequester a c-Jun repressor. Interestingly, the p57 aminoterminus is sufficient for binding to the two c-Jun repressors HDAC1 and HDAC3. These data are consistent with a model of c-Jun activation where p57 is a part of large nuclear remodeling/transcription complexes. p57 might stimulate transcription by inhibiting transcription repressor proteins like HDACs via its N-terminus and/or attracting transcription activators through its C-terminus. These data suggest that in addition to its role as a CDK inhibitor and tumor suppressor, p57 may also exert tumor promoting functions by activation of the proto-oncoprotein c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Keith Kullmann
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fragka Pegka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Ploner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Hengst
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Creff J, Besson A. Functional Versatility of the CDK Inhibitor p57 Kip2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584590. [PMID: 33117811 PMCID: PMC7575724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin/CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 belongs to the Cip/Kip family, with p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, and is the least studied member of the family. Unlike the other family members, p57Kip2 has a unique role during embryogenesis and is the only CDK inhibitor required for embryonic development. p57Kip2 is encoded by the imprinted gene CDKN1C, which is the gene most frequently silenced or mutated in the genetic disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), characterized by multiple developmental anomalies. Although initially identified as a cell cycle inhibitor based on its homology to other Cip/Kip family proteins, multiple novel functions have been ascribed to p57Kip2 in recent years that participate in the control of various cellular processes, including apoptosis, migration and transcription. Here, we will review our current knowledge on p57Kip2 structure, regulation, and its diverse functions during development and homeostasis, as well as its potential implication in the development of various pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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