1
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Carpenter LC, Pérez-Verdugo F, Banerjee S. Mechanical control of cell proliferation patterns in growing epithelial monolayers. Biophys J 2024; 123:909-919. [PMID: 38449309 PMCID: PMC10995431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation plays a crucial role in regulating tissue homeostasis and development. However, our understanding of how cell proliferation is controlled in densely packed tissues is limited. Here we develop a computational framework to predict the patterns of cell proliferation in growing epithelial tissues, connecting single-cell behaviors and cell-cell interactions to tissue-level growth. Our model incorporates probabilistic rules governing cell growth, division, and elimination, also taking into account their feedback with tissue mechanics. In particular, cell growth is suppressed and apoptosis is enhanced in regions of high cell density. With these rules and model parameters calibrated using experimental data for epithelial monolayers, we predict how tissue confinement influences cell size and proliferation dynamics and how single-cell physical properties influence the spatiotemporal patterns of tissue growth. In this model, mechanical feedback between tissue confinement and cell growth leads to enhanced cell proliferation at tissue boundaries, whereas cell growth in the bulk is arrested, recapitulating experimental observations in epithelial tissues. By tuning cellular elasticity and contact inhibition of proliferation we can regulate the emergent patterns of cell proliferation, ranging from uniform growth at low contact inhibition to localized growth at higher contact inhibition. We show that the cell size threshold at G1/S transition governs the homeostatic cell density and tissue turnover rate, whereas the mechanical state of the tissue governs the dynamics of tissue growth. In particular, we find that the cellular parameters affecting tissue pressure play a significant role in determining the overall growth rate. Our computational study thus underscores the impact of cell mechanical properties on the spatiotemporal patterns of cell proliferation in growing epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Carpenter
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Shiladitya Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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2
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Hall D. Equations describing semi-confluent cell growth (I) Analytical approximations. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107173. [PMID: 38241828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A set of differential equations with analytical solutions are presented that can quantitatively account for variable degrees of contact inhibition on cell growth in two- and three-dimensional cultures. The developed equations can be used for comparative purposes when assessing contribution of higher-order effects, such as culture geometry and nutrient depletion, on mean cell growth rate. These equations also offer experimentalists the opportunity to characterize cell culture experiments using a single reductive parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164, Japan.
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3
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Sun T, Xiang Y, Turner F, Bao X. Integrated Experimental and Mathematical Exploration of Modular Tissue Cultures for Developmental Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2987. [PMID: 38474234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental engineering (DE) involves culturing various cells on modular scaffolds (MSs), yielding modular tissues (MTs) assembled into three-dimensional (3D) tissues, mimicking developmental biology. This study employs an integrated approach, merging experimental and mathematical methods to investigate the biological processes in MT cultivation and assembly. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured on tissue culture plastics, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) discs with regular open structures, or spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) MSs, respectively. Notably, HDFs exhibited flattened spindle shapes when adhered to solid surfaces, and complex 3D structures when migrating into the structured voids of PLA discs or interstitial spaces between aggregated PMMA MSs, showcasing coordinated colonization of porous scaffolds. Empirical investigations led to power law models simulating density-dependent cell growth on solid surfaces or voids. Concurrently, a modified diffusion model was applied to simulate oxygen diffusion within tissues cultured on solid surfaces or porous structures. These mathematical models were subsequently combined to explore the influences of initial cell seeding density, culture duration, and oxygen diffusion on MT cultivation and assembly. The findings underscored the intricate interplay of factors influencing MT design for tissue assembly. The integrated approach provides insights into mechanistic aspects, informing bioprocess design for manufacturing MTs and 3D tissues in DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Freya Turner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Xujin Bao
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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4
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Carpenter LC, Pérez-Verdugo F, Banerjee S. Mechanical control of cell proliferation patterns in growing tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550581. [PMID: 37546964 PMCID: PMC10402015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation plays a crucial role in regulating tissue homeostasis and development. However, our understanding of how cell proliferation is controlled in densely packed tissues is limited. Here we develop a computational framework to predict the patterns of cell proliferation in growing tissues, connecting single-cell behaviors and cell-cell interactions to tissue-level growth. Our model incorporates probabilistic rules governing cell growth, division, and elimination, while also taking into account their feedback with tissue mechanics. In particular, cell growth is suppressed and apoptosis is enhanced in regions of high cell density. With these rules and model parameters calibrated using experimental data, we predict how tissue confinement influences cell size and proliferation dynamics, and how single-cell physical properties influence the spatiotemporal patterns of tissue growth. Our findings indicate that mechanical feedback between tissue confinement and cell growth leads to enhanced cell proliferation at tissue boundaries, whereas cell growth in the bulk is arrested. By tuning cellular elasticity and contact inhibition of proliferation we can regulate the emergent patterns of cell proliferation, ranging from uniform growth at low contact inhibition to localized growth at higher contact inhibition. Furthermore, mechanical state of the tissue governs the dynamics of tissue growth, with cellular parameters affecting tissue pressure playing a significant role in determining the overall growth rate. Our computational study thus underscores the impact of cell mechanical properties on the spatiotemporal patterns of cell proliferation in growing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Carpenter
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Shiladitya Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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5
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Li Q, Fu X, Kou Y, Han N. Engineering strategies and optimized delivery of exosomes for theranostic application in nerve tissue. Theranostics 2023; 13:4266-4286. [PMID: 37554270 PMCID: PMC10405842 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe injuries or diseases affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems can result in impaired organ function and permanent paralysis. Conventional interventions, such as drug administration and cell-based therapy, exhibit limited effectiveness due to their inability to preserve post-implantation cell survival and impede the deterioration of adjacent tissues. Exosomes have recently emerged as powerful tools for tissue repair owing to their proteins and nucleic acids, as well as their unique phospholipid properties, which facilitate targeted delivery to recipient cells. Engineering exosomes, obtained by manipulating the parental cells or directly functionalizing exosomes, play critical roles in enhancing regenerative repair, reducing inflammation, and maintaining physiological homeostasis. Furthermore, exosomes have been shown to restore neurological function when used in combination with biomaterials. This paper primarily focuses on the engineering strategies and delivery routes of exosomes related to neural research and emphasizes the theranostic application of optimized exosomes in peripheral nerve, traumatic spinal cord, and brain injuries. Finally, the prospects of exosomes development and their combination with other approaches will be discussed to enhance our knowledge on their theranostic effectiveness in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicheng Li
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Fu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100000, China
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yuhui Kou
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100000, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100000, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100000, China
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
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6
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Liu J, Zhang Y, van Dongen K, Kennedy C, Schotman MJG, Marín San Román PP, Storm C, Dankers PYW, Sijbesma RP. Hepatic Spheroid Formation on Carbohydrate-Functionalized Supramolecular Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37246400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two synthetic supramolecular hydrogels, formed from bis-urea amphiphiles containing lactobionic acid (LBA) and maltobionic acid (MBA) bioactive ligands, are applied as cell culture matrices in vitro. Their fibrillary and dynamic nature mimics essential features of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The carbohydrate amphiphiles self-assemble into long supramolecular fibers in water, and hydrogels are formed by physical entanglement of fibers through bundling. Gels of both amphiphiles exhibit good self-healing behavior, but remarkably different stiffnesses. They display excellent bioactive properties in hepatic cell cultures. Both carbohydrate ligands used are proposed to bind to asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) in hepatic cells, thus inducing spheroid formation when seeding hepatic HepG2 cells on both supramolecular hydrogels. Ligand nature, ligand density, and hydrogel stiffness influence cell migration and spheroid size and number. The results illustrate the potential of self-assembled, carbohydrate-functionalized hydrogels as matrices for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Dongen
- CytoSMART Technologies B.V., Vrijstraat 9B, Eindhoven 5611 AT, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Kennedy
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike J G Schotman
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia P Marín San Román
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Storm
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Rint P Sijbesma
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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7
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Hernández JA, Chifflet S, Justet C, Torriglia A. A mathematical model of wound healing in bovine corneal endothelium. J Theor Biol 2023; 559:111374. [PMID: 36460056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a mathematical model to describe healing processes in bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells in culture, triggered by mechanical wounds with parallel edges. Previous findings from our laboratory show that, in these cases, BCE monolayers exhibit an approximately constant healing velocity. Also, that caspase-dependent apoptosis occurs, with the fraction of apoptotic cells increasing with the distance traveled by the healing edge. In addition, in this study we report the novel findings that, for wound scratch assays performed preserving the basal extracellular matrix: i) the healing cells increase their en face surface area in a characteristic fashion, and ii) the average length of the segments of the cell columns actively participating in the healing process increases linearly with time. These latter observations preclude the utilization of standard traveling wave formalisms to model wound healing in BCE cells. Instead, we developed and studied a simple phenomenological model based on a plausible formula for the spreading dynamics of the individual healing cells, that incorporates original evidence about the process in BCE cells. The model can be simulated to: i) obtain an approximately constant healing velocity; ii) reproduce the profile of the healing cell areas, and iii) obtain approximately linear time dependences of the mean cell area and average length of the front active segments per column. In view of its accuracy to account for the experimental observations, the model can also be acceptably employed to quantify the appearance of apoptotic cells during BCE wound healing. The strategy utilized here could offer a novel formal framework to represent modifications undergone by some epithelial cell lines during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Hernández
- Sección Biofísica y Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá s/n esq. Mataojo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Silvia Chifflet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristian Justet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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8
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Hohmann T, Hohmann U, Dahlmann M, Kobelt D, Stein U, Dehghani F. MACC1-Induced Collective Migration Is Promoted by Proliferation Rather Than Single Cell Biomechanics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122857. [PMID: 35740524 PMCID: PMC9221534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is a marker for metastasis, tumor cell migration, and increased proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumors with high MACC1 expression show a worse prognosis and higher invasion into neighboring structures. Yet, many facets of the pro-migratory effects are not fully understood. Atomic force microscopy and single cell live imaging were used to quantify biomechanical and migratory properties in low- and high-MACC1-expressing CRC cells. Furthermore, collective migration and expansion of small, cohesive cell colonies were analyzed using live cell imaging and particle image velocimetry. Lastly, the impact of proliferation on collective migration was determined by inhibition of proliferation using mitomycin. MACC1 did not affect elasticity, cortex tension, and single cell migration of CRC cells but promoted collective migration and colony expansion in vitro. Measurements of the local velocities in the dense cell layers revealed proliferation events as regions of high local speeds. Inhibition of proliferation via mitomycin abrogated the MACC1-associated effects on the collective migration speeds. A simple simulation revealed that the expansion of cell clusters without proliferation appeared to be determined mostly by single cell properties. MACC1 overexpression does not influence single cell biomechanics and migration but only collective migration in a proliferation-dependent manner. Thus, targeting proliferation in high-MACC1-expressing tumors may offer additional effects on cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (F.D.); Tel.: +49-9406-3432 (U.S.); +49-345-5571-944 (F.D.); Fax: +49-345-5571-700 (F.D.)
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.H.); (U.H.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (F.D.); Tel.: +49-9406-3432 (U.S.); +49-345-5571-944 (F.D.); Fax: +49-345-5571-700 (F.D.)
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9
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Carvalho J. A computational model of organism development and carcinogenesis resulting from cells' bioelectric properties and communication. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9206. [PMID: 35654933 PMCID: PMC9163332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A sound theory of biological organization is clearly missing for a better interpretation of observational results and faster progress in understanding life complexity. The availability of such a theory represents a fundamental progress in explaining both normal and pathological organism development. The present work introduces a computational implementation of some principles of a theory of organism development, namely that the default state of cells is proliferation and motility, and includes the principle of variation and organization by closure of constraints. In the present model, the bioelectric context of cells and tissue is the field responsible for organization, as it regulates cell proliferation and the level of communication driving the system’s evolution. Starting from a depolarized (proliferative) cell, the organism grows to a certain size, limited by the increasingly polarized state after successive proliferation events. The system reaches homeostasis, with a depolarized core (proliferative cells) surrounded by a rim of polarized cells (non-proliferative in this condition). This state is resilient to cell death (random or due to injure) and to limited depolarization (potentially carcinogenic) events. Carcinogenesis is introduced through a localized event (a spot of depolarized cells) or by random depolarization of cells in the tissue, which returns cells to their initial proliferative state. The normalization of the bioelectric condition can reverse this out-of-equilibrium state to a new homeostatic one. This simplified model of embryogenesis, tissue organization and carcinogenesis, based on non-excitable cells’ bioelectric properties, can be made more realistic with the introduction of other components, like biochemical fields and mechanical interactions, which are fundamental for a more faithful representation of reality. However, even a simple model can give insight for new approaches in complex systems and suggest new experimental tests, focused in its predictions and interpreted under a new paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Carvalho
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Jain HP, Wenzel D, Voigt A. Impact of contact inhibition on collective cell migration and proliferation. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034402. [PMID: 35428163 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contact inhibition limits migration and proliferation of cells in cell colonies. We consider a multiphase field model to investigate the growth dynamics of a cell colony, composed of proliferating cells. The model takes into account the mechanism of contact inhibition of proliferation by local mechanical interactions. We compare nonmigrating and migrating cells, in order to provide a quantitative characterization of the dynamics and analyze the velocity of the colony boundary for both cases. Additionally, we measure single cell velocities, number of neighbor distributions, as well as the influence of stress and age on positions of the cells and with respect to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Jain
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Wenzel
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Pfotenhauerstr. 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Physics of Life, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Disentangling cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions in collective cancer cell migration. Biophys J 2022; 121:44-60. [PMID: 34890578 PMCID: PMC8758422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dispersion from a confined area is fundamental in a number of biological processes, including cancer metastasis. To date, a quantitative understanding of the interplay of single-cell motility, cell proliferation, and intercellular contacts remains elusive. In particular, the role of E- and N-cadherin junctions, central components of intercellular contacts, is still controversial. Combining theoretical modeling with in vitro observations, we investigate the collective spreading behavior of colonies of human cancer cells (T24). The spreading of these colonies is driven by stochastic single-cell migration with frequent transient cell-cell contacts. We find that inhibition of E- and N-cadherin junctions decreases colony spreading and average spreading velocities, without affecting the strength of correlations in spreading velocities of neighboring cells. Based on a biophysical simulation model for cell migration, we show that the behavioral changes upon disruption of these junctions can be explained by reduced repulsive excluded volume interactions between cells. This suggests that in cancer cell migration, cadherin-based intercellular contacts sharpen cell boundaries leading to repulsive rather than cohesive interactions between cells, thereby promoting efficient cell spreading during collective migration.
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12
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Klapp V, Bloy N, Galassi C, Sato A, Yamazaki T, Buqué A, Galluzzi L, Petroni G. Cytofluorometric assessment of cell cycle progression in irradiated cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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RT-PCR-assisted quantification of type I IFN responses in irradiated cancer cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:145-161. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Mäntylä E, Ihalainen TO. Brick Strex: a robust device built of LEGO bricks for mechanical manipulation of cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18520. [PMID: 34531455 PMCID: PMC8445989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular forces, mechanics and other physical factors are important co-regulators of normal cell and tissue physiology. These cues are often misregulated in diseases such as cancer, where altered tissue mechanics contribute to the disease progression. Furthermore, intercellular tensile and compressive force-related signaling is highlighted in collective cell behavior during development. However, the mechanistic understanding on the role of physical forces in regulation of cellular physiology, including gene expression and signaling, is still lacking. This is partly because studies on the molecular mechanisms of force transmission require easily controllable experimental designs. These approaches should enable both easy mechanical manipulation of cells and, importantly, readouts ranging from microscopy imaging to biochemical assays. To achieve a robust solution for mechanical manipulation of cells, we developed devices built of LEGO bricks allowing manual, motorized and/or cyclic cell stretching and compression studies. By using these devices, we show that [Formula: see text]-catenin responds differentially to epithelial monolayer stretching and lateral compression, either localizing more to the cell nuclei or cell-cell junctions, respectively. In addition, we show that epithelial compression drives cytoplasmic retention and phosphorylation of transcription coregulator YAP1. We provide a complete part listing and video assembly instructions, allowing other researchers to build and use the devices in cellular mechanics-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Mäntylä
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O. Ihalainen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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15
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Heinrich MA, Alert R, LaChance JM, Zajdel TJ, Košmrlj A, Cohen DJ. Size-dependent patterns of cell proliferation and migration in freely-expanding epithelia. eLife 2020; 9:e58945. [PMID: 32812871 PMCID: PMC7498264 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of cell proliferation and migration in growing tissues is crucial in development and regeneration but remains poorly understood. Here, we find that, while expanding with an edge speed independent of initial conditions, millimeter-scale epithelial monolayers exhibit internal patterns of proliferation and migration that depend not on the current but on the initial tissue size, indicating memory effects. Specifically, the core of large tissues becomes very dense, almost quiescent, and ceases cell-cycle progression. In contrast, initially-smaller tissues develop a local minimum of cell density and a tissue-spanning vortex. To explain vortex formation, we propose an active polar fluid model with a feedback between cell polarization and tissue flow. Taken together, our findings suggest that expanding epithelia decouple their internal and edge regions, which enables robust expansion dynamics despite the presence of size- and history-dependent patterns in the tissue interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Heinrich
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Ricard Alert
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Julienne M LaChance
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Tom J Zajdel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Daniel J Cohen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
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