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Meissner F, Galbas MC, Szvetics S, von Zur Mühlen C, Heidt T, Maier A, Bock M, Czerny M, Bothe W, Reiss S. Cardioaortic dimensions in German landrace pigs derived from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1869. [PMID: 38253776 PMCID: PMC10803781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs are frequently applied as animal models in cardiovascular research due to their anatomical and physiological similarity to humans. For study planning and refinement, precise knowledge of the cardioaortic dimensions is essential. In a retrospective single-center study, the cardioaortic dimensions and left ventricular function of German Landrace pigs were assessed using cardiac MRI. All parameters were compared between male and female pigs and analyzed for correlation with body weight. In total, 15 pigs were included (7 male and 8 female, weight 60.9 ± 7.0 kg). The left ventricle revealed an end-diastolic diameter of 50.5 ± 4.4 mm and an ejection fraction of 51.2 ± 9.8%. The diameters of the ascending and descending aorta were 21.3 ± 2.3 and 16.2 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences between male and female pigs, except that males had a smaller end-diastolic left ventricular volume (p = 0.041). A moderate correlation was found between body weight and the aortic annulus diameter (R = 0.57, p = 0.027). In conclusion, cardiac MRI allows precise quantification of porcine cardioaortic dimensions. For medical device testing, size differences between pigs and humans should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Meissner
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michelle Costa Galbas
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Szvetics
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Mühlen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timo Heidt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Czerny
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bothe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Reiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Goubergrits L, Schafstedde M, Cesarovic N, Szengel A, Schmitt B, Wiegand M, Romberg J, Arndt A, Kuehne T, Brüning J. CT-based comparison of porcine, ovine, and human pulmonary arterial morphometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20211. [PMID: 37980386 PMCID: PMC10657407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate pre-clinical animal and in-silico clinical trials for implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensors, understanding the respective species pulmonary arteries (PA) anatomy is important. Thus, morphological parameters describing PA of pigs and sheep, which are common animal models, were compared with humans. Retrospective computed tomography data of 41 domestic pigs (82.6 ± 18.8 kg), 14 sheep (49.1 ± 6.9 kg), and 49 patients (76.8 ± 18.2 kg) were used for reconstruction of the subject-specific PA anatomy. 3D surface geometries including main, left, and right PA as well as LPA and RPA side branches were manually reconstructed. Then, specific geometric parameters (length, diameters, taper, bifurcation angle, curvature, and cross-section enlargement) affecting device implantation and post-interventional device effect and efficacy were automatically calculated. For both animal models, significant differences to the human anatomy for most geometric parameters were found, even though the respective parameters' distributions also featured relevant overlap. Out of the two animal models, sheep seem to be better suitable for a preclinical study when considering only PA morphology. Reconstructed geometries are provided as open data for future studies. These findings support planning of preclinical studies and will help to evaluate the results of animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Goubergrits
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Schafstedde
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Boris Schmitt
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Wiegand
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Titus Kuehne
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Brüning
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Weisskopf M, Glaus L, Trimmel NE, Hierweger MM, Leuthardt AS, Kukucka M, Stolte T, Stoeck CT, Falk V, Emmert MY, Kofler M, Cesarovic N. Dos and don'ts in large animal models of aortic insufficiency. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:949410. [PMID: 36118338 PMCID: PMC9478759 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.949410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic insufficiency caused by paravalvular leakage (PVL) is one of the most feared complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) in patients. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) are a popular large animal model to study such conditions and develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. However, the models based on prosthetic valve implantation are time intensive, costly, and often hamper further hemodynamic measurements such as PV loop and 4D MRI flow by causing implantation-related wall motion abnormalities and degradation of MR image quality. This study describes in detail, the establishment of a minimally invasive porcine model suitable to study the effects of mild-to-moderate “paravalvular“ aortic regurgitation on left ventricular (LV) performance and blood flow patterns, particularly under the influence of altered afterload, preload, inotropic state, and heart rate. Six domestic pigs (Swiss large white, female, 60–70 kg of body weight) were used to establish this model. The defects on the hinge point of aortic leaflets and annulus were created percutaneously by the pierce-and-dilate technique either in the right coronary cusp (RCC) or in the non-coronary cusp (NCC). The hemodynamic changes as well as LV performance were recorded by PV loop measurements, while blood flow patterns were assessed by 4D MRI. LV performance was additionally challenged by pharmaceutically altering cardiac inotropy, chronotropy, and afterload. The presented work aims to elaborate the dos and don'ts in porcine models of aortic insufficiency and intends to steepen the learning curve for researchers planning to use this or similar models by giving valuable insights ranging from animal selection to vascular access choices, placement of PV Loop catheter, improvement of PV loop data acquisition and post-processing and finally the induction of paravalvular regurgitation of the aortic valve by a standardized and reproducible balloon induced defect in a precisely targeted region of the aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Weisskopf
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Glaus
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina E. Trimmel
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M. Hierweger
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea S. Leuthardt
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marian Kukucka
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorald Stolte
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian T. Stoeck
- Center for Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nikola Cesarovic
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Sutherland DW, McEleney A, de Almeida M, Kajimoto M, Ventura G, Isenberg BC, Portman MA, Stapleton SE, Williams C. Characterization of main pulmonary artery and valve annulus region of piglets using echocardiography, uniaxial tensile testing, and a novel non-destructive technique. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:884116. [PMID: 36093160 PMCID: PMC9459108 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.884116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of cardiovascular tissue geometry and mechanical properties of large animal models is essential when developing cardiovascular devices such as heart valve replacements. These datasets are especially critical when designing devices for pediatric patient populations, as there is often limited data for guidance. Here, we present a previously unavailable dataset capturing anatomical measurements and mechanical properties of juvenile Yorkshire (YO) and Yucatan (YU) porcine main pulmonary artery (PA) and pulmonary valve (PV) tissue regions that will inform pediatric heart valve design requirements for preclinical animal studies. In addition, we developed a novel radial balloon catheter-based method to measure tissue stiffness and validated it against a traditional uniaxial tensile testing method. YU piglets, which were significantly lower weight than YO counterparts despite similar age, had smaller PA and PV diameters (7.6–9.9 mm vs. 10.1–12.8 mm). Young’s modulus (stiffness) was measured for the PA and the PV region using both the radial and uniaxial testing methods. There was no significant difference between the two breeds for Young’s modulus measured in the elastic (YU PA 84.7 ± 37.3 kPa, YO PA 79.3 ± 15.7 kPa) and fibrous regimes (YU PA 308.6 ± 59.4 kPa, YO PA 355.7 ± 68.9 kPa) of the stress-strain curves. The two testing techniques also produced similar stiffness measurements for the PA and PV region, although PV data showed greater variation between techniques. Overall, YU and YO piglets had similar PA and PV diameters and tissue stiffness to previously reported infant pediatric patients. These results provide a previously unavailable age-specific juvenile porcine tissue geometry and stiffness dataset critical to the development of pediatric cardiovascular prostheses. Additionally, the data demonstrates the efficacy of a novel balloon catheter-based technique that could be adapted to non-destructively measure tissue stiffness in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Sutherland
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Aisling McEleney
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matheus de Almeida
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Masaki Kajimoto
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Giselle Ventura
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael A. Portman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael A. Portman,
| | - Scott E. Stapleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
- Scott E. Stapleton,
| | - Corin Williams
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
- Corin Williams,
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Wang DD, O'Neill BP, Caranasos TG, Chitwood WR, Stack RS, O'Neill WW. Comparative differences of mitral valve-in-valve implantation: A new mitral bioprosthesis versus current mosaic and epic valves. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 99:934-942. [PMID: 34843639 PMCID: PMC9543650 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) valve-in-valve (VIV) outcomes in three different mitral bioprostheses (of comparable measured internal diameters) under stable hemodynamic and surgical conditions by bench, echocardiographic, computerized tomography (CT), and autopsy comparisons pre- and post-valve implantation in a porcine model under matched controlled conditions. BACKGROUND Impact of surgical bioprosthesis design on TMVR VIV procedures is unknown. METHODS Fifteen similar-sized Yorkshire pigs underwent pre-procedural CT screening. Twelve had consistent anatomic features and underwent implantation of mitral bioprostheses. Four valves from each of three manufacturers were implanted in randomized fashion: 27-mm Epic, 27-mm Mosaic, and 25-mm Mitris, followed by TMVR VIV with 26 Edwards Sapien3. Post-VIV, suprasternal TEE studies were performed to assess hemodynamic function, followed by a gated contrast CT. After euthanasia, animals underwent necropsy for anatomic evaluation. RESULTS All 12 animals had successful VIV implantation with no study deaths. The post vivMitris (3.77 ± 0.36)/(2.2 ± 0.25 mmHg) had the lowest peak/mean trans-mitral gradient and the vivEpic the highest (15.5 ± 2.55)/(7.09 ± 1.13 mmHg). All THVs (transcatheter heart valves) had greatest deformation within the center of the THV frame; with the smallest waist opening area in the vivEpic (329 ± 35.8 mm2 ) and greatest in the vivMitris (414 ± 33.12 mm2 ). Bioprosthetic frames without obvious radiopaque markers resulted in the most ventricular implantation of the THV's anteroseptal frame (Epic: -4.52 ± 0.76 mm), versus the most radiopaque bioprosthesis (Mitris: -1.18 ± 2.95 mm), and higher peak LVOT gradients (Epic: 4.82 ± 1.61 mmHg; Mitris: 2.91 ± 1.47 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates marked variations in hemodynamics, THV opening area, and anatomic dimensions among measured similarly sized mitral bioprostheses. These data suggest a critical need for understanding the potential impact of variations in bioprosthesis design on TMVR VIV clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Dee Wang
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian P O'Neill
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - W Randolph Chitwood
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard S Stack
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William W O'Neill
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Wang DD, Caranasos TG, O'Neill BP, Stack RS, O'Neill WW, Chitwood WR. Comparison of a new bioprosthetic mitral valve to other commercially available devices under controlled conditions in a porcine model. J Card Surg 2021; 36:4654-4662. [PMID: 34610175 PMCID: PMC9292040 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aim To evaluate three mitral bioprostheses (of comparable measured internal diameters) under controlled, stable, hemodynamic and surgical conditions by bench, echocardiographic, computerized tomography and autopsy comparisons pre‐ and postvalve implantation. Methods Fifteen similar‐sized Yorkshire pigs underwent preprocedural computerized tomography anatomic screening. Of these, 12 had consistent anatomic features and underwent implantation of a mitral bioprosthesis via thoracotomy on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Four valves from each of three manufacturers were implanted in randomized fashion: 27‐mm Epic, 27‐mm Mosaic, and 25‐mm Mitris bioprostheses. After CPB, epicardial echocardiographic studies were performed to assess hemodynamic function and define any paravalvular leaks, followed by postoperative gated contrast computerized tomography. After euthanasia, animals underwent necropsy for anatomic evaluation. Results All 12 animals had successful valve implantation with no study deaths. Postoperative echocardiographic trans‐valve gradients varied among bioprosthesis manufacturers. The 25‐mm Mitris (5.1 ± 2.7)/(2.6 ± 1.3 torr) had the lowest peak/mean gradient and the 27‐mm Epic bioprosthesis had the highest (9.2 ± 3.7)/(4.6 ± 1.9 torr). Surgical valve opening area (SOA) varied with the 25‐mm Mitris having the largest SOA (2.4 ± 0.15 cm2) followed by the 27‐mm Mosaic (2.04 ± 0.23 cm2) and the 27‐mm Epic (1.8 ± 0.27 cm2) valve. Bench device orthogonal internal diameter measurements did not match manufacturer device size labeling: 25‐mm Mitris (23 × 23 mm), 27‐mm Mosaic (23 × 22 mm), 27‐mm Epic (21 × 21 mm). Conclusions Current advertisement/packaging of commercial surgical mitral valves is not uniform. This study demonstrates marked variations in hemodynamics, valve opening area and anatomic dimensions between similar sized mitral bioprostheses. These data suggest a critical need for standardization and close scientific evaluation of surgical mitral bioprostheses to ensure optimal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Dee Wang
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian P O'Neill
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard S Stack
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William W O'Neill
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - W Randolph Chitwood
- Cardiovascular Masters Consortium, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Zhou L, Niu R, Zhou H, Wang Z, Wang F, Yang X, Deng I, Zhu Z, Zhou X, Xiong L. CT imaging character of different brain regions in different ages of Diannan small-ear pigs. IBRAIN 2021; 7:90-94. [PMID: 37786909 PMCID: PMC10528774 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To collect and establish normal data of the brain regions of Diannan small-ear (DSE pigs, basically throughout measuring and comparing computed tomography values of the barin. Methods 12 ordinary DSE pigs were divided into juvenile, adult, old groups based on the physiological ages (n=4) A SOMATOM Definition AS 64-row 128-slice 4D spiral CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition AS, Germany) was used to collect CT images of DSE pigs, record and analyze the scanning data. Results Compared with the juvenile group, the CT values of the right frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, left temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe were significantly higher in the elderly group. Compared with the adult group, the CT values of the right frontal lobe, left frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, left temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe of the elderly group were significantly higher. Conclusion The results of the study can be used to evaluate the changes in CT values of various brain regions in piglets of different ages and future pig head injury models or other studies that require CT-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University ZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Rui‐Ze Niu
- Animal Zoology DepartmentInstitute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Hong‐Su Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University ZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zheng‐Meng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University ZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Feng‐Lin Wang
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University ZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xin‐Xin Yang
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University ZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Issac Deng
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University ZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Xin‐Fu Zhou
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Liu‐Lin Xiong
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
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Chevènement O, Borenstein N, Kieval R, Fiette L, Aujard F. Animal model considerations to evaluate prosthetic tricuspid valve implants. Ann Anat 2020; 234:151625. [PMID: 33137458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Determining tricuspid valve comparative anatomy and appropriate animal models for preclinical evaluation of prosthetic tricuspid valve implants. METHODS AND RESULTS We described and measured 81 heart specimens: 12 humans, 22 dogs, 21 sheep and 26 pigs. Tricuspid annulus circumference varied in humans from 109 to 149 mm, in pigs from 85 to 140 mm, and were ≤125 mm in dogs and sheep. Tricuspid leaflet demarcation in dogs is similar to humans, while in pigs and sheep we observed three distinct leaflets. In humans, sheep and pigs, papillary muscle positions are similar. In dogs they are all based on the septum. A moderator band was observed in all species, but was of consistent thickness only in sheep. CONCLUSIONS Sheep and pigs are relevant animal models for evaluating prosthetic tricuspid valve implants. Seventy to 90 kg pigs have a tricuspid annulus size comparable to that in a dilated human heart, but due to possible fast growth leading to sizing incompatibilities, this represents a model for short-term study. Sheep are more stable in size for long term study, however, their tricuspid annulus size is the most similar to that in a healthy, non-dilated human heart. Dogs are not a suitable model due to their significantly different sub-valvular anatomy and smaller size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Kieval
- IMMR, Inc., P.O. Box 46470, Minneapolis, MN 55446, USA.
| | | | - Fabienne Aujard
- UMR 7179, Scientific Research National Centre, National Museum of Natural History, 1 Av. du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France.
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