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Simonovic J, Toljic B, Lazarevic M, Markovic MM, Peric M, Vujin J, Panajotovic R, Milasin J. The Effect of Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene Film on Neurodifferentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183116. [PMID: 36144905 PMCID: PMC9502655 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental stem cells, which originate from the neural crest, due to their easy accessibility might be good candidates in neuro-regenerative procedures, along with graphene-based nanomaterials shown to promote neurogenesis in vitro. We aimed to explore the potential of liquid-phase exfoliated graphene (LPEG) film to stimulate the neuro-differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). METHODS The experimental procedure was structured as follows: (1) fabrication of graphene film; (2) isolation, cultivation and SCAP stemness characterization by flowcytometry, multilineage differentiation (osteo, chondro and adipo) and quantitative PCR (qPCR); (3) SCAP neuro-induction by cultivation on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with graphene film; (4) evaluation of neural differentiation by means of several microscopy techniques (light, confocal, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy), followed by neural marker gene expression analysis using qPCR. RESULTS SCAP demonstrated exceptional stemness, as judged by mesenchymal markers' expression (CD73, CD90 and CD105), and by multilineage differentiation capacity (osteo, chondro and adipo-differentiation). Neuro-induction of SCAP grown on PET coated with graphene film resulted in neuron-like cellular phenotype observed under different microscopes. This was corroborated by the high gene expression of all examined key neuronal markers (Ngn2, NF-M, Nestin, MAP2, MASH1). CONCLUSIONS The ability of SCAPs to differentiate toward neural lineages was markedly enhanced by graphene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Simonovic
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bosko Toljic
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Lazarevic
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mina Peric
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Vujin
- Graphene Laboratory, Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Panajotovic
- Graphene Laboratory, Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Vićentić T, Andrić S, Rajić V, Spasenović M. Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:666-674. [PMID: 35957672 PMCID: PMC9344539 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical exfoliation is an efficient and scalable method to obtain liquid-phase graphene. Graphene in solution, obtained through electrochemical exfoliation or other methods, is typically polydisperse, containing particles of various sizes, which is not optimal for applications. We employed cascade centrifugation to select specific particle sizes in solution and prepared thin films from those graphene particles using the Langmuir-Blodgett assembly. Employing centrifugation speeds of 3, 4, and 5 krpm, further diluting the solutions in different volumes of solvent, we reliably and consistently obtained films of tunable thickness. We show that there is a limit to how thin these films can be, which is imposed by the percolation threshold. The percolation threshold is quantitatively compared to results found in literature that are obtained using other, more complex graphene film fabrication methods, and is found to occur with a percolation exponent and percolative figure of merit that are of the same order as results in literature. A maximum optical transparency of 82.4% at a wavelength of 660 nm is obtained for these films, which is in agreement with earlier works on Langmuir-Blodgett assembled ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. Our work demonstrates that films that are in all respects on par with films of graphene obtained through other solution-based processes can be produced from inexpensive and widely available centrifugal post-processing of existing commercially available solutions of electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The demonstrated methodology will lower the entry barriers for new research and industrial uses, since it allows researchers with no exfoliation experience to make use of widely available graphene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Vićentić
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Stevan Andrić
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Rajić
- INS Vinča, Department of Atomic Physics, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Spasenović
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Wang J, Li J, Zhou Y, Yu C, Hua Y, Yu Y, Li R, Lin X, Chen R, Wu H, Xia H, Wang HL. Tuning an Electrode Work Function Using Organometallic Complexes in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7759-7768. [PMID: 33904710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-work-function (WF) metals (including silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu)) used as external cathodes in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) encounter oxidation caused by air exposure and halogen-diffusion-induced corrosion, which threaten the long-term stability of the device. The cathode interlayer (CIL) has shown promise in reducing the metal WF and thus boosting the device power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, it remains a challenge for current CIL materials to enable high-WF metals (e.g., Au) to be used as cathodes to achieve PSCs with a superior PCE and long-term stability. Here, we use a series of synthesized (carbolong-derived) organometallic complexes as CILs to tune the electrode WF in inverted PSCs. Density functional theory calculations and surface characterizations show that the organometallic complexes that contain anions and cations are prone to form anion-cation dipoles on the metal surface, hence drastically reducing the metal's WF. Photovoltaic devices based on a Ag cathode, which was modified with these organometallic complexes, received a boosted PCE up to 21.29% and a remarkable fill factor that reached 83.52%, which are attributed to the dipole-enhanced carrier transport. The environmental stability of PSCs was further improved after employing Au as a cathode with these organometallic complexes, and the modified devices exhibited no efficiency loss after 4080 h storage measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan West Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chengzhuo Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinye Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan West Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruxue Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaosong Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Avenue 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Conductive Nanofilms with Oppositely Charged Reduced Graphene Oxides as a Base for Electroactive Coatings and Sensors. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for the formation of multilayers composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which can be used for transparent, conducting thin films. Using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of positively and negatively charged GO sheets, we could obtain thin films with highly controllable sheet resistance. The natural negative charge of graphene oxide was turned to positive by the amidation reaction. After forming the multilayer films, the graphene oxide underwent thermal reduction at temperatures above 150 °C. The (rGO+/rGO−) films were characterized by UV-Vis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their conductivity was measured by the four-point method. We found that after deposition of five (rGO+/rGO−), the coating structure reached the percolation limit, and the film resistance decreased more gradually to around 20 kΩ/sq for the films obtained by eleven deposition cycles with graphene oxide reduced at 250 °C. The formation of thin films on polyimide allows the forming of new flexible conductive materials, which can find applications, e.g., in biomedicine as new electroactive, low-cost, disposable sensors.
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