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Banabazi MH, Freimanis G, Goatley LC, Netherton CL, de Koning DJ. The transcriptomic insight into the differential susceptibility of African Swine Fever in inbred pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5944. [PMID: 38467747 PMCID: PMC10928096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a global threat to animal health and food security. ASF is typically controlled by strict biosecurity, rapid diagnosis, and culling of affected herds. Much progress has been made in developing modified live virus vaccines against ASF. There is host variation in response to ASF infection in the field and under controlled conditions. To better understand the dynamics underlying this host differential morbidity, whole transcriptome profiling was carried out in twelve immunized and five sham immunized pigs. Seventeen MHC homozygous inbred Large white Babraham pigs were sampled at three time points before and after the challenge. The changes in the transcriptome profiles of infected animals were surveyed over time. In addition, the immunization effect on the host response was studied as well among the contrasts of all protection subgroups. The results showed two promising candidate genes to distinguish between recovered and non-recovered pigs after infection with a virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) pre-infection: HTRA3 and GFPT2 (padj < 0.05). Variant calling on the transcriptome assemblies showed a two-base pair insertion into the ACOX3 gene closely located to HTRA3 that may regulate its expression as a putative genomic variant for ASF. Several significant DGEs, enriched gene ontology (GO) terms, and KEGG pathways at 1 day and 7 days post-infection, compared to the pre-infection, indicate a significant inflammation response immediately after ASF infection. The presence of the virus was confirmed by the mapping of RNA-Seq reads on two whole viral genome sequences. This was concordant with a higher virus load in the non-recovered animals 7 days post-infection. There was no transcriptome signature on the immunization at pre-infection and 1 day post-infection. More samples and data from additional clinical trials may support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Banabazi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Dirk-Jan de Koning
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Gao F, Li P, Yin Y, Du X, Cao G, Wu S, Zhao Y. Molecular breeding of livestock for disease resistance. Virology 2023; 587:109862. [PMID: 37562287 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal infectious diseases pose a significant threat to the global agriculture and biomedicine industries, leading to significant economic losses and public health risks. The emergence and spread of viral infections such as African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and avian influenza virus (AIV) have highlighted the need for innovative approaches to develop resilient and disease-resistant animal populations. Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, offer a promising avenue for generating animals with enhanced disease resistance. This review summarizes recent advances in molecular breeding strategies for generating disease-resistant animals, focusing on the development of disease-resistant livestock. We also highlight the potential applications of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening and base editors in producing precise gene modified livestock for disease resistance in the future. Overall, gene editing technologies have the potential to revolutionize animal breeding and improve animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Gengsheng Cao
- Henan Livestock Genome Editing and Biobreeding Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Menchaca A. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and genome editing to support a sustainable livestock. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230074. [PMID: 37720722 PMCID: PMC10503885 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and genome engineering to improve livestock production systems for the contribution of global sustainability. Most ruminant production systems are conducted on grassland conditions, as is the case of South American countries that are leaders in meat and milk production worldwide with a well-established grass-feed livestock. These systems have many strengths from an environmental perspective and consumer preferences but requires certain improvements to enhance resource efficiency. Reproductive performance is one of the main challenges particularly in cow-calf operations that usually are conducted under adverse conditions and thus ART can make a great contribution. Fixed-time artificial insemination is applied in South America in large scale programs as 20 to 30% of cows receive this technology every year in each country, with greater calving rate and significant herd genetic gain occurred in this region. Sexed semen has also been increasingly implemented, enhancing resource efficiency by a) obtaining desired female replacement and improving animal welfare by avoiding newborn male sacrifice in dairy industry, or b) alternatively producing male calves for beef industry. In vitro embryo production has been massively applied, with this region showing the greatest number of embryos produced worldwide leading to significant improvement in herd genetics and productivity. Although the contribution of these technologies is considerable, further improvements will be required for a significant livestock transformation and novel biotechnologies such as genome editing are already available. Through the CRISPR/Cas-based system it is possible to enhance food yield and quality, avoid animal welfare concerns, overcome animal health threats, and control pests and invasive species harming food production. In summary, a significant enhancement in livestock productivity and resource efficiency can be made through reproductive technologies and genome editing, improving at the same time profitability for farmers, and global food security and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejo Menchaca
- Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Fundación Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
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4
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Afe AE, Shen ZJ, Guo X, Zhou R, Li K. African Swine Fever Virus Interaction with Host Innate Immune Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:1220. [PMID: 37376520 DOI: 10.3390/v15061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) adversely affects pig farming owing to its 100% mortality rate. The condition is marked by elevated body temperature, bleeding, and ataxia in domestic pigs, whereas warthogs and ticks remain asymptomatic despite being natural reservoirs for the virus. Breeding ASFV-resistant pigs is a promising solution for eradicating this disease. ASFV employs several mechanisms to deplete the host antiviral response. This review explores the interaction of ASFV proteins with innate host immunity and the various types of machinery encompassed by viral proteins that inhibit and induce different signaling pathways, such as cGAS-STING, NF-κB, Tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β), ubiquitination, viral inhibition of apoptosis, and resistance to ASFV infection. Prospects for developing a domestic pig that is resistant to ASFV are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola Ebenezer Afe
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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5
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Jones HE, Wilson PB. Progress and opportunities through use of genomics in animal production. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1228-1252. [PMID: 35945076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The rearing of farmed animals is a vital component of global food production systems, but its impact on the environment, human health, animal welfare, and biodiversity is being increasingly challenged. Developments in genetic and genomic technologies have had a key role in improving the productivity of farmed animals for decades. Advances in genome sequencing, annotation, and editing offer a means not only to continue that trend, but also, when combined with advanced data collection, analytics, cloud computing, appropriate infrastructure, and regulation, to take precision livestock farming (PLF) and conservation to an advanced level. Such an approach could generate substantial additional benefits in terms of reducing use of resources, health treatments, and environmental impact, while also improving animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw E Jones
- UK Genetics for Livestock and Equines (UKGLE) Committee, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London, SW1P 3JR, UK; Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK.
| | - Philippe B Wilson
- UK Genetics for Livestock and Equines (UKGLE) Committee, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London, SW1P 3JR, UK; Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
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6
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Xie HB, Yan C, Adeola AC, Wang K, Huang CP, Xu MM, Qiu Q, Yin X, Fan CY, Ma YF, Yin TT, Gao Y, Deng JK, Okeyoyin AO, Oluwole OO, Omotosho O, Okoro VMO, Omitogun OG, Dawuda PM, Olaogun SC, Nneji LM, Ayoola AO, Sanke OJ, Luka PD, Okoth E, Lekolool I, Mijele D, Bishop RP, Han J, Wang W, Peng MS, Zhang YP. African Suid Genomes Provide Insights into the Local Adaptation to Diverse African Environments. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6840307. [PMID: 36413509 PMCID: PMC9733430 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African wild suids consist of several endemic species that represent ancient members of the family Suidae and have colonized diverse habitats on the African continent. However, limited genomic resources for African wild suids hinder our understanding of their evolution and genetic diversity. In this study, we assembled high-quality genomes of a common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), a red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), as well as an East Asian Diannan small-ear pig (Sus scrofa). Phylogenetic analysis showed that common warthog and red river hog diverged from their common ancestor around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, putatively predating their entry into Africa. We detected species-specific selective signals associated with sensory perception and interferon signaling pathways in common warthog and red river hog, respectively, which contributed to their local adaptation to savannah and tropical rainforest environments, respectively. The structural variation and evolving signals in genes involved in T-cell immunity, viral infection, and lymphoid development were identified in their ancestral lineage. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary histories and divergent genetic adaptations of African suids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Xue Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chen-Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yun-Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jia-Kun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Agboola O Okeyoyin
- National Park Service Headquarter, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja 900108, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O Oluwole
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo Omotosho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Victor M O Okoro
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri 460114, Nigeria
| | - Ofelia G Omitogun
- Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
| | - Philip M Dawuda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi 970001, Nigeria
| | - Sunday C Olaogun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Lotanna M Nneji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Adeola O Ayoola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Oscar J Sanke
- Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo 660213, Nigeria
| | - Pam D Luka
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930103, Nigeria
| | - Edward Okoth
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | | | | | - Richard P Bishop
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | | | - Wen Wang
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ; ;
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7
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Ayanwale A, Trapp S, Guabiraba R, Caballero I, Roesch F. New Insights in the Interplay Between African Swine Fever Virus and Innate Immunity and Its Impact on Viral Pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958307. [PMID: 35875580 PMCID: PMC9298521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Europe and Asia represents a major threat to livestock health, with billions of dollars of income losses and major perturbations of the global pig industry. One striking feature of African swine fever (ASF) is the existence of different forms of the disease, ranging from acute with mortality rates approaching 100% to chronic, with mild clinical manifestations. These differences in pathogenicity have been linked to genomic alterations present in attenuated ASFV strains (and absent in virulent ones) and differences in the immune response of infected animals. In this mini-review, we summarized current knowledge on the connection between ASFV pathogenicity and the innate immune response induced in infected hosts, with a particular focus on the pathways involved in ASFV detection. Indeed, recent studies have highlighted the key role of the DNA sensor cGAS in ASFV sensing. We discussed what other pathways may be involved in ASFV sensing and inflammasome activation and summarized recent findings on the viral ASFV genes involved in the modulation of the interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sascha Trapp
- UMR 1282 ISP, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
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8
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Application of Gene Editing Technology in Resistance Breeding of Livestock. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071070. [PMID: 35888158 PMCID: PMC9325061 DOI: 10.3390/life12071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a new genetic engineering technology, gene editing can precisely modify the specific gene sequence of the organism’s genome. In the last 10 years, with the rapid development of gene editing technology, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been applied to modify endogenous genes in organisms accurately. Now, gene editing technology has been used in mice, zebrafish, pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits, monkeys, and other species. Breeding for disease-resistance in agricultural animals tends to be a difficult task for traditional breeding, but gene editing technology has made this easier. In this work, we overview the development and application of gene editing technology in the resistance breeding of livestock. Also, we further discuss the prospects and outlooks of gene editing technology in disease-resistance breeding.
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9
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Enhancing Animal Disease Resistance, Production Efficiency, and Welfare through Precise Genome Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137331. [PMID: 35806334 PMCID: PMC9266401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The major goal of animal breeding is the genetic enhancement of economic traits. The CRISPR/Cas system, which includes nuclease-mediated and base editor mediated genome editing tools, provides an unprecedented approach to modify the mammalian genome. Thus, farm animal genetic engineering and genetic manipulation have been fundamentally revolutionized. Agricultural animals with traits of interest can be obtained in just one generation (and without long time selection). Here, we reviewed the advancements of the CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR associated proteins) genome editing tools and their applications in animal breeding, especially in improving disease resistance, production performance, and animal welfare. Additionally, we covered the regulations on genome-edited animals (GEAs) and ways to accelerate their use. Recommendations for how to produce GEAs were also discussed. Despite the current challenges, we believe that genome editing breeding and GEAs will be available in the near future.
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10
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Höltig D, Reiner G. [Opportunities and risks of the use of genetic resistances to infectious diseases in pigs - an overview]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:46-58. [PMID: 35235982 DOI: 10.1055/a-1751-3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Demands for health, performance and welfare in pigs, as well as the desire for consumer protection and reduced antibiotic use, require optimal measures in advance of disease development. This includes, in principle, the use of genetically more resistant lines and breeding animals, whose existence has been proven for a wide range of pathogen-host interactions. In addition, attempts are being made to identify the gene variants responsible for disease resistance in order to force the selection of suitable populations, also using modern biotechnical technics. The present work is intended to provide an overview of the research status achieved in this context and to highlight opportunities and risks for the future.The evaluation of the international literature shows that genetic disease resistance exist in many areas of swine diseases. However, polygenic inheritance, lack of animal models and the influence of environmental factors during evaluation render their implementation in practical breeding programs demanding. This is where modern molecular genetic methods, such as Gene Editing, come into play. Both approaches possess their pros and cons, which are discussed in this paper. The most important infectious diseases in pigs, including general diseases and epizootics, diseases of the respiratory and digestive tract and diseases of the immune system are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höltig
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere, forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität
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11
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Tu CF, Chuang CK, Yang TS. The application of new breeding technology based on gene editing in pig industry. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:791-803. [PMID: 34991204 PMCID: PMC9066036 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome/gene-editing (GE) techniques, characterized by a low technological barrier, high efficiency, and broad application among organisms, are now being employed not only in medical science but also in agriculture/veterinary science. Different engineered CRISPR/Cas9s have been identified to expand the application of this technology. In pig production, GE is a precise new breeding technology (NBT), and promising outcomes in improving economic traits, such as growth, lean or healthy meat production, animal welfare, and disease resistance, have already been documented and reviewed. These promising achievements in porcine gene editing, including the Myostatin gene knockout (KO) in indigenous breeds to improve lean meat production, the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene knock-in to enhance piglet thermogenesis and survival under cold stress, the generation of GGTA1 and CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene double KO (dKO) pigs to produce healthy red meat, and the KO or deletion of exon 7 of the CD163 gene to confer resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection, are described in the present article. Other related approaches for such purposes are also discussed. The current trend of global regulations or legislation for GE organisms is that they are exempted from classification as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) if no exogenes are integrated into the genome, according to product-based and not process-based methods. Moreover, an updated case study in the EU showed that current GMO legislation is not fit for purpose in term of NBTs, which contribute to the objectives of the EU’s Green Deal and biodiversity strategies and even meet the United Nations’ sustainable development goals for a more resilient and sustainable agri-food system. The GE pigs generated via NBT will be exempted from classification as GMOs, and their global valorization and commercialization can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Tu
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chuang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shuh Yang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, 26047 Taiwan
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12
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Whitworth KM, Green JA, Redel BK, Geisert RD, Lee K, Telugu BP, Wells KD, Prather RS. Improvements in pig agriculture through gene editing. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2022; 3:41. [PMID: 35755158 PMCID: PMC9209828 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-022-00111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of animals via selective breeding is the basis for modern agriculture. The current breeding paradigm however has limitations, chief among them is the requirement for the beneficial trait to exist within the population. Desirable alleles in geographically isolated breeds, or breeds selected for a different conformation and commercial application, and more importantly animals from different genera or species cannot be introgressed into the population via selective breeding. Additionally, linkage disequilibrium results in low heritability and necessitates breeding over successive generations to fix a beneficial trait within a population. Given the need to sustainably improve animal production to feed an anticipated 9 billion global population by 2030 against a backdrop of infectious diseases and a looming threat from climate change, there is a pressing need for responsive, precise, and agile breeding strategies. The availability of genome editing tools that allow for the introduction of precise genetic modification at a single nucleotide resolution, while also facilitating large transgene integration in the target population, offers a solution. Concordant with the developments in genomic sequencing approaches, progress among germline editing efforts is expected to reach feverish pace. The current manuscript reviews past and current developments in germline engineering in pigs, and the many advantages they confer for advancing animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Whitworth
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Bethany K. Redel
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Rodney D. Geisert
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Bhanu P. Telugu
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Kevin D. Wells
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Qi W, Yang Y, Liu Z, An T, Wu X, Chen J. Prevention and Control Strategies of African Swine Fever and Progress on Pig Farm Repopulation in China. Viruses 2021; 13:2552. [PMID: 34960821 PMCID: PMC8704102 DOI: 10.3390/v13122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease in domestic and wild pigs. Since the first outbreak of ASF in August 2018 in China, the disease has spread throughout the country with an unprecedented speed, causing heavy losses to the pig and related industries. As a result, strategies for managing the disease are urgently needed. This paper summarizes the important aspects of three key elements about African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission, including the sources of infection, transmission routes, and susceptible animals. It overviews the relevant prevention and control strategies, focusing on the research progress of ASFV vaccines, anti-ASFV drugs, ASFV-resistant pigs, efficient disinfection, and pig farm biosecurity. We then reviewed the key technical points concerning pig farm repopulation, which is critical to the pork industry. We hope to not only provide a theoretical basis but also practical strategies for effective dealing with the ASF epidemic and restoration of pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Wenbao Qi
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yaozhi Yang
- Heilongjiang Dabeinong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Food Company Limited, Harbin 150028, China;
| | - Zexin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China;
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
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14
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Lunney JK, Van Goor A, Walker KE, Hailstock T, Franklin J, Dai C. Importance of the pig as a human biomedical model. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5758. [PMID: 34818055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jasmine Franklin
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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15
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Söllner JH, Mettenleiter TC, Petersen B. Genome Editing Strategies to Protect Livestock from Viral Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:1996. [PMID: 34696426 PMCID: PMC8539128 DOI: 10.3390/v13101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The livestock industry is constantly threatened by viral disease outbreaks, including infections with zoonotic potential. While preventive vaccination is frequently applied, disease control and eradication also depend on strict biosecurity measures. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated proteins (Cas) have been repurposed as genome editors to induce targeted double-strand breaks at almost any location in the genome. Thus, CRISPR/Cas genome editors can also be utilized to generate disease-resistant or resilient livestock, develop vaccines, and further understand virus-host interactions. Genes of interest in animals and viruses can be targeted to understand their functions during infection. Furthermore, transgenic animals expressing CRISPR/Cas can be generated to target the viral genome upon infection. Genetically modified livestock can thereby reduce disease outbreaks and decrease zoonotic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Helena Söllner
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany;
| | | | - Björn Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany;
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16
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Evaluation of Lesions and Viral Antigen Distribution in Domestic Pigs Inoculated Intranasally with African Swine Fever Virus Ken05/Tk1 (Genotype X). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060768. [PMID: 34207265 PMCID: PMC8234863 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and the clinicopathological forms caused by currently circulating African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates is incomplete. So far, most of the studies have been focused on isolates classified within genotypes I and II, the only genotypes that have circulated outside of Africa. However, less is known about the clinical presentations and lesions induced by isolates belonging to the other twenty-two genotypes. Therefore, the early clinicopathological identification of disease outbreaks caused by isolates belonging to, as yet, not well-characterised ASFV genotypes may be compromised, which might cause a delay in the implementation of control measures to halt the virus spread. To improve the pathological characterisation of disease caused by diverse isolates, we have refined the macroscopic and histopathological evaluation protocols to standardise the scoring of lesions. Domestic pigs were inoculated intranasally with different doses (high, medium and low) of ASFV isolate Ken05/Tk1 (genotype X). To complement previous studies, the distribution and severity of macroscopic and histopathological lesions, along with the amount and distribution of viral antigen in tissues, were characterised by applying the new scoring protocols. The intranasal inoculation of domestic pigs with high doses of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate induced acute forms of ASF in most of the animals. Inoculation with medium doses mainly induced acute forms of disease. A less severe but longer clinical course, typical of subacute forms, characterised by the presence of more widespread and severe haemorrhages and oedema, was observed in one pig inoculated with the medium dose. The severity of vascular lesions (haemorrhages and oedema) induced by high and medium doses was not associated with the amount of virus antigen detected in tissues, therefore these might be attributed to indirect mechanisms not evaluated in the present study. The absence of clinical signs, lesions and detectable levels of virus genome or antigen in blood from the animals inoculated with the lowest dose ruled out the existence of possible asymptomatic carriers or persistently infected pigs, at least for the 21 days period of the study. The results corroborate the moderate virulence of the Ken05/Tk1 isolate, as well as its capacity to induce both the acute and, occasionally, subacute forms of ASF when high and medium doses were administered intranasally.
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17
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Sustainable Food Production: The Contribution of Genome Editing in Livestock. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for animal source foods to feed people has been pushing the livestock industry to increase productivity, a tendency that will continue throughout this century. The challenge for the coming years is to increase the food supply to ensure equity in access to high quality food, while maintaining global sustainability including combating climate change, avoiding deforestation, and conserving biodiversity, as well as ensuring animal health and welfare. The question is, how do we produce more with less? Classical methods to enhance livestock productivity based on the improvement of animal health, nutrition, genetics, reproductive technologies and management have made important contributions; however, this is not going to be enough and thus disruptive approaches are required. Genome editing with CRISPR may be a powerful contributor to global livestock transformation. This article is focused on the scope and perspectives for the application of this technology, which includes improving production traits, enhancing animal welfare through adaptation and resilience, conferring resistance to infectious diseases, and suppressing pests and invasive species that threaten livestock. The main advantages and concerns that should be overcome by science, policy and people are discussed with the aim that this technology can make a real contribution to our collective future. This review is part of the special issue “Genome Editing in Animal Systems to Support Sustainable Farming and Pest Control”.
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Alberio R, Wolf E. 25th ANNIVERSARY OF CLONING BY SOMATIC-CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER: Nuclear transfer and the development of genetically modified/gene edited livestock. Reproduction 2021; 162:F59-F68. [PMID: 34096507 PMCID: PMC8240728 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The birth and adult development of 'Dolly' the sheep, the first mammal produced by the transfer of a terminally differentiated cell nucleus into an egg, provided unequivocal evidence of nuclear equivalence among somatic cells. This ground-breaking experiment challenged a long-standing dogma of irreversible cellular differentiation that prevailed for over a century and enabled the development of methodologies for reversal of differentiation of somatic cells, also known as nuclear reprogramming. Thanks to this new paradigm, novel alternatives for regenerative medicine in humans, improved animal breeding in domestic animals and approaches to species conservation through reproductive methodologies have emerged. Combined with the incorporation of new tools for genetic modification, these novel techniques promise to (i) transform and accelerate our understanding of genetic diseases and the development of targeted therapies through creation of tailored animal models, (ii) provide safe animal cells, tissues and organs for xenotransplantation, (iii) contribute to the preservation of endangered species, and (iv) improve global food security whilst reducing the environmental impact of animal production. This review discusses recent advances that build on the conceptual legacy of nuclear transfer and – when combined with gene editing – will have transformative potential for medicine, biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. We conclude that the potential of these technologies depends on further fundamental and translational research directed at improving the efficiency and safety of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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19
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Penrith ML, Bastos A, Chenais E. With or without a Vaccine-A Review of Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Managing African Swine Fever in Resource-Constrained Smallholder Settings. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020116. [PMID: 33540948 PMCID: PMC7913123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectacular recent spread of African swine fever (ASF) in Eastern Europe and Asia has been strongly associated, as it is in the endemic areas in Africa, with free-ranging pig populations and low-biosecurity backyard pig farming. Managing the disease in wild boar populations and in circumstances where the disease in domestic pigs is largely driven by poverty is particularly challenging and may remain so even in the presence of effective vaccines. The only option currently available to prevent ASF is strict biosecurity. Among small-scale pig farmers biosecurity measures are often considered unaffordable or impossible to implement. However, as outbreaks of ASF are also unaffordable, the adoption of basic biosecurity measures is imperative to achieve control and prevent losses. Biosecurity measures can be adapted to fit smallholder contexts, culture and costs. A longer-term approach that could prove valuable particularly for free-ranging pig populations would be exploitation of innate resistance to the virus, which is fully effective in wild African suids and has been observed in some domestic pig populations in areas of prolonged endemicity. We explore available options for preventing ASF in terms of feasibility, practicality and affordability among domestic pig populations that are at greatest risk of exposure to ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Louise Penrith
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-342-1514
| | - Armanda Bastos
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Erika Chenais
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, S-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Van Eenennaam AL, De Figueiredo Silva F, Trott JF, Zilberman D. Genetic Engineering of Livestock: The Opportunity Cost of Regulatory Delay. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2020; 9:453-478. [PMID: 33186503 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered (GE) livestock were first reported in 1985, and yet only a single GE food animal, the fast-growing AquAdvantage salmon, has been commercialized. There are myriad interconnected reasons for the slow progress in this once-promising field, including technical issues, the structure of livestock industries, lack of public research funding and investment, regulatory obstacles, and concern about public opinion. This review focuses on GE livestock that have been produced and documents the difficulties that researchers and developers have encountered en route. Additionally, the costs associated with delayed commercialization of GE livestock were modeled using three case studies: GE mastitis-resistant dairy cattle, genome-edited porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-resistant pigs, and the AquAdvantage salmon. Delays of 5 or 10 years in the commercialization of GE livestock beyond the normative 10-year GE product evaluation period were associated with billions of dollars in opportunity costs and reduced global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; ,
| | - David Zilberman
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
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