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Syed F, Krishnan P, Chang G, Langlais SR, Hati S, Yamada K, Lam AK, Talware S, Liu X, Sardar R, Liu J, Mirmira RG, Evans-Molina C. β Cell microRNAs Function as Molecular Hubs of Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis and as Biomarkers of Diabetes Risk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545170. [PMID: 37398133 PMCID: PMC10312758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in modulating gene expression and are enriched in cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). We investigated whether miRNAs from human islets and islet-derived EVs could provide insight into β cell stress pathways activated during type 1 diabetes (T1D) evolution, therefore serving as potential disease biomarkers. We treated human islets from 10 cadaveric donors with IL-1β and IFN-γ to model T1D ex vivo. MicroRNAs were isolated from islets and islet-derived EVs, and small RNA sequencing was performed. We found 20 and 14 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in cytokine- versus control-treated islets and EVs, respectively. Interestingly, the miRNAs found in EVs were mostly different from those found in islets. Only two miRNAs, miR-155-5p and miR-146a-5p, were upregulated in both islets and EVs, suggesting selective sorting of miRNAs into EVs. We used machine learning algorithms to rank DE EV-associated miRNAs, and developed custom label-free Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-based biosensors to measure top ranked EVs in human plasma. Results from this analysis revealed that miR-155, miR-146, miR-30c, and miR-802 were upregulated and miR-124-3p was downregulated in plasma-derived EVs from children with recent-onset T1D. In addition, miR-146 and miR-30c were upregulated in plasma-derived EVs of autoantibody positive (AAb+) children compared to matched non-diabetic controls, while miR-124 was downregulated in both T1D and AAb+ groups. Furthermore, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed increased expression of the most highly upregulated islet miRNA, miR-155, in pancreatic sections from organ donors with AAb+ and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Garrick Chang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sarah R. Langlais
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Sumon Hati
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anh K. Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sayali Talware
- School for Informatics and Computer, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rajesh Sardar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | | | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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EP R, Selvaganesh S, Nessapan T, Sekar D, Veeraraghavan VP, Eswaramoorthy R. Inflammation in smokers and non-smokers during implant surgery among Indians. Bioinformation 2023; 19:510-513. [PMID: 37822839 PMCID: PMC10563565 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks faced by the dental implant surgeons is to assess the healing of the tissues and implant success for patients who are smokers. It is of interest to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers to understand the soft and hard tissue healing between smokers and non-smokers based on levels of IL-6 and STAT-3. This study included totally 20 patients (Group 1 : smokers (n=10) and Group 2: non-smokers (n=10)) undergoing stage-1 implant surgery and collected a tissue sample for the patients to assess the levels of IL-6 and STAT-3. The results indicated that there is a pronounced increase in the biomarkers in patients who are smokers in comparison to non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raguladhithya EP
- Department of Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sahana Selvaganesh
- Department of Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Thiyaneswaran Nessapan
- Department of Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
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Dama E, Colangelo T, Fina E, Cremonesi M, Kallikourdis M, Veronesi G, Bianchi F. Biomarkers and Lung Cancer Early Detection: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153919. [PMID: 34359818 PMCID: PMC8345487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Detecting lung malignancies promptly is essential for any anticancer treatment to reduce mortality and morbidity, especially in high-risk individuals. The use of liquid biopsy to detect circulating biomarkers such as RNA, microRNA, DNA, proteins, autoantibodies in the blood, as well as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), can substantially change the way we manage lung cancer patients by improving disease stratification using intrinsic molecular characteristics, identification of therapeutic targets and monitoring molecular residual disease. Here, we made an update on recent developments in liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for lung cancer early diagnosis, and we propose guidelines for an accurate study design, execution, and data interpretation for biomarker development. Abstract Lung cancer burden is increasing, with 2 million deaths/year worldwide. Current limitations in early detection impede lung cancer diagnosis when the disease is still localized and thus more curable by surgery or multimodality treatment. Liquid biopsy is emerging as an important tool for lung cancer early detection and for monitoring therapy response. Here, we reviewed recent advances in liquid biopsy for early diagnosis of lung cancer. We summarized DNA- or RNA-based biomarkers, proteins, autoantibodies circulating in the blood, as well as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and compared the most promising studies in terms of biomarkers prediction performance. While we observed an overall good performance for the proposed biomarkers, we noticed some critical aspects which may complicate the successful translation of these biomarkers into the clinical setting. We, therefore, proposed a roadmap for successful development of lung cancer biomarkers during the discovery, prioritization, and clinical validation phase. The integration of innovative minimally invasive biomarkers in screening programs is highly demanded to augment lung cancer early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dama
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Emanuela Fina
- Humanitas Research Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-8241-0954; Fax: +39-08-8220-4004
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Plasma miR-9-3p and miR-136-3p as Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Experimental and Human Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041563. [PMID: 33557217 PMCID: PMC7913923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive, affordable circulating biomarkers for difficult-to-diagnose mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are an unmet medical need. Although blood microRNA (miRNA) levels are reportedly altered after traumatic brain injury (TBI), their diagnostic potential for mTBI remains inconclusive. We hypothesized that acutely altered plasma miRNAs could serve as diagnostic biomarkers both in the lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model and clinical mTBI. We performed plasma small RNA-sequencing from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 31) at 2 days post-TBI, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based validation of selected candidates. miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-434-3p were identified as the most promising candidates at 2 days after lateral FPI. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) revealed 4.2-, 2.8-, and 4.6-fold elevations in miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-434-3p levels (p < 0.01 for all), respectively, distinguishing rats with mTBI from naïve rats with 100% sensitivity and specificity. DdPCR further identified a subpopulation of mTBI patients with plasma miR-9-3p (n = 7/15) and miR-136-3p (n = 5/15) levels higher than one standard deviation above the control mean at <2 days postinjury. In sTBI patients, plasma miR-9-3p levels were 6.5- and 9.2-fold in comparison to the mTBI and control groups, respectively. Thus, plasma miR-9-3p and miR-136-3p were identified as promising biomarker candidates for mTBI requiring further evaluation in a larger patient population.
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