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Zhou X, Zhang Q, Chen JH, Dai JF, Kassegne K. Revisiting the antigen markers of vector-borne parasitic diseases identified by immunomics: identification and application to disease control. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:205-216. [PMID: 38584506 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2336994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein microarray is a promising immunomic approach for identifying biomarkers. Based on our previous study that reviewed parasite antigens and recent parasitic omics research, this article expands to include information on vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs), namely, malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis. AREAS COVERED We revisit and systematically summarize antigen markers of vector-borne parasites identified by the immunomic approach and discuss the latest advances in identifying antigens for the rational development of diagnostics and vaccines. The applications and challenges of this approach for VBPD control are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The immunomic approach has enabled the identification and/or validation of antigen markers for vaccine development, diagnosis, disease surveillance, and treatment. However, this approach presents several challenges, including limited sample size, variability in antigen expression, false-positive results, complexity of omics data, validation and reproducibility, and heterogeneity of diseases. In addition, antigen involvement in host immune evasion and antigen sensitivity/specificity are major issues in its application. Despite these limitations, this approach remains promising for controlling VBPD. Advances in technology and data analysis methods should continue to improve candidate antigen identification, as well as the use of a multiantigen approach in diagnostic and vaccine development for VBPD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abad P, Coronado M, Vincelle-Nieto Á, Pérez-Benavente S, Fobil JN, Puyet A, Diez A, Reyes-Palomares A, Azcárate IG, Bautista JM. Shotgun Characterization of the Circulating IgM Antigenome of an Infectious Pathogen by Immunocapture-LC-MS/MS from Dried Serum Spots. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:633-643. [PMID: 38183416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in compiling the complete collection of protein antigens from pathogens for the selection of vaccine candidates or intervention targets is to acquire a broad enough representation of them to be recognized by the highly diversified immunoglobulin repertoire in human populations. Dried serum spot sampling (DSS) retains a large repertoire of circulating immunoglobulins from each individual that can be representative of a population, according to the sample size. In this work, shotgun proteomics of an infectious pathogen based on DSS sampling coupled with IgM immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and bioinformatic analyses was combined to characterize the circulating IgM antigenome. Serum samples from a malaria endemic region at different clinical statuses were studied to optimize IgM binding efficiency and antibody leaching by varying serum/immunomagnetic bead ratios and elution conditions. The method was validated using Plasmodium falciparum extracts identifying 110 of its IgM-reactive antigens while minimizing the presence of human proteins and antibodies. Furthermore, the IgM antigen recognition profile differentiated between malaria-infected and noninfected individuals at the time of sampling. We conclude that a shotgun proteomics approach offers advantages in providing a high-throughput, reliable, and clean way to identify IgM-recognized antigens from trace amounts of serum. The mass spectrometry raw data and metadata have been deposited with ProteomeXchange via MassIVE with the PXD identifier PXD043800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Abad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Coronado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - África Vincelle-Nieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pérez-Benavente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 13, G-4381 Legon, Ghana
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Diez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel G Azcárate
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Abad P, Marín-García P, Heras M, Fobil JN, Hutchful AG, Diez A, Puyet A, Reyes-Palomares A, Azcárate IG, Bautista JM. Microscopic and submicroscopic infection by Plasmodium falciparum: Immunoglobulin M and A profiles as markers of intensity and exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934321. [PMID: 36118030 PMCID: PMC9478039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of serological Plasmodium falciparum–specific antibodies in highly endemic areas provides valuable information about malaria status and parasite exposure in the population. Although serological evidence of Plasmodium exposure is commonly determined by Plasmodium-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels; IgM and IgA are likely markers of malaria status that remain relatively unexplored. Previous studies on IgM and IgA responses have been based on their affinity for single antigens with shortage of immune responses analysis against the whole Plasmodium proteome. Here, we provide evidence of how P. falciparum infection triggers the production of specific IgM and IgA in plasma and its relationship with parasite density and changes in hematological parameters. A total of 201 individuals attending a hospital in Breman Asikuma, Ghana, were recruited into this study. Total and P. falciparum–specific IgM, IgA, and IgG were assessed by ELISA and examined in relation to age (0–5, 14–49, and ≥50 age ranges); infection (submicroscopic vs. microscopic malaria); pregnancy and hematological parameters. Well-known IgG response was used as baseline control. P. falciparum–specific IgM and IgA levels increased in the population with the age, similarly to IgG. These data confirm that acquired humoral immunity develops by repeated infections through the years endorsing IgM and IgA as exposure markers in endemic malaria regions. High levels of specific IgA and IgM in children were associated with microscopic malaria and worse prognosis, because most of them showed severe anemia. This new finding shows that IgM and IgA may be used as diagnostic markers in this age group. We also found an extremely high prevalence of submicroscopic malaria (46.27% on average) accompanied by IgM and IgA levels indistinguishable from those of uninfected individuals. These data, together with the observed lack of sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) compared to PCR, invoke the urgent need to implement diagnostic markers for submicroscopic malaria. Overall, this study opens the potential use of P. falciparum–specific IgM and IgA as new serological markers to predict malaria status in children and parasite exposure in endemic populations. The difficulties in finding markers of submicroscopic malaria are highlighted, emphasizing the need to explore this field in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Abad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius N. Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alfred G. Hutchful
- Laboratory of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady of Grace Hospital, Breman-Asikuma, Ghana
| | - Amalia Diez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel G. Azcárate
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel G. Azcárate, ; José M. Bautista,
| | - José M. Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel G. Azcárate, ; José M. Bautista,
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Ressurreição M, van Ooij C. Lipid transport proteins in malaria, from Plasmodium parasites to their hosts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159047. [PMID: 34461309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic unicellular pathogens from the genus Plasmodium are the etiological agents of malaria, a disease that persists over a wide range of vertebrate species, including humans. During its dynamic lifecycle, survival in the different hosts depends on the parasite's ability to establish a suitable environmental milieu. To achieve this, specific host processes are exploited to support optimal growth, including extensive modifications to the infected host cell. These modifications include the formation of novel membranous structures, which are induced by the parasite. Consequently, to maintain a finely tuned and dynamic lipid environment, the organisation and distribution of lipids to different cell sites likely requires specialised lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Indeed, several parasite and host-derived LTPs have been identified and shown to be essential at specific stages. Here we describe the roles of LTPs in parasite development and adaptation to its host including how the latest studies are profiting from the improved genetic, lipidomic and imaging toolkits available to study Plasmodium parasites. Lastly, a list of predicted Plasmodium LTPs is provided to encourage research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ressurreição
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Christiaan van Ooij
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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Reche PA. Potential Cross-Reactive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 From Common Human Pathogens and Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586984. [PMID: 33178220 PMCID: PMC7596387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is particularly virulent in the elderly while children are largely spared. Here, we explored the potential role of cross-reactive immunity acquired from pediatric vaccinations and exposure to common human pathogens in the protection and pathology of COVID-19. To that end, we sought for peptide matches to SARS-CoV-2 (identity ≥ 80%, in at least eight residues) in the proteomes of 25 human pathogens and in vaccine antigens, and subsequently predicted their T and B cell reactivity to identify potential cross-reactive epitopes. We found that viruses subject to pediatric vaccinations do not contain cross-reactive epitopes with SARS-CoV-2, precluding that they can provide any general protection against COVID-19. Likewise, common viruses including rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and several herpesviruses are also poor or null sources of cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2, discarding that immunological memory against these viruses can have any general protective or pathological role in COVID-19. In contrast, we found combination vaccines for treating diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis infectious diseases (DTP vaccine) to be significant sources of potential cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. DTP cross-reactive epitopes with SARS-CoV-2 include numerous CD8 and CD4 T cell epitopes with broad population protection coverage and potentially neutralizing B cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Worldwide, children receive several DTP vaccinations, including three-four doses the first year of life and one at 4-6 years of age. Moreover, a low antigenic Tdap dose is also given at ages 9-14. Thereby, children may well be protected from SARS-CoV-2 through cross-reactive immunity elicited by DTP vaccinations, supporting testing in the general population to prevent COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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