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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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2
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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He R, Weng Z, Liu Y, Li B, Wang W, Meng W, Li B, Li L. Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Malignant Solid Tumors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2557-2575. [PMID: 37755647 PMCID: PMC10661832 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has significantly progressed in studying malignant solid tumors. This technically feasible reprogramming techniques can reawaken sequestered dormant regions that regulate the fate of differentiated cells. Despite the evolving therapeutic modalities for malignant solid tumors, treatment outcomes have not been satisfactory. Recently, scientists attempted to apply induced pluripotent stem cell technology to cancer research, from modeling to treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells, cancer cell lines, primary tumors, and individuals with an inherited propensity to develop cancer have shown great potential in cancer modeling, cell therapy, immunotherapy, and understanding tumor progression. This review summarizes the evolution of induced pluripotent stem cells technology and its applications in malignant solid tumor. Additionally, we discuss potential obstacles to induced pluripotent stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijie Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanrong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yasmin IA, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S. iPSC-Derived Glioblastoma Cells Have Enhanced Stemness Wnt/β-Catenin Activity Which Is Negatively Regulated by Wnt Antagonist sFRP4. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3622. [PMID: 37509281 PMCID: PMC10377620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) endow the tumor with stem-like properties. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have gained increased attention because of their easy derivation and availability and their potential to differentiate into any cell type. A CSC model derived from iPSCs of human origin would help understand the driving force of tumor initiation and early progression. We report the efficient generation of feeder-free SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 positive iPSCs from amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMMSCs), which successfully differentiated into three germ layers. We then developed human iPSC-derived glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) model using conditioned media (CM) from U87MG cell line and CSCs derived from U87MG, which confer iPSCs with GBM and GSC-like phenotypes within five days. Both cell types overexpress MGMT and GLI2, but only GSCs overexpress CD133, CD44, ABCG2 and ABCC2. We also observed overexpression of LEF1 and β-catenin in both cell types. Down-regulation of Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) in GBM and GSCs, indicating activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which could be involved in the conversion of iPSCs to CSCs. From future perspectives, our study will help in the creation of a rapid cell-based platform for understanding the complexity of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmat Ara Yasmin
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600 116, India
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600 116, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
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5
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Hassan G, Afify SM, Zahra MH, Nawara HM, Kumon K, Iwasaki Y, Salomon DS, Seno A, Seno M. GSK-3α/β and MEK inhibitors assist the microenvironment of tumor initiation. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:243-253. [PMID: 37181678 PMCID: PMC10167063 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are useful tools for modeling diseases and developing personalized medicine. We have been developing cancer stem cells (CSCs) from iPSCs with conditioned medium (CM) of cancer-derived cells as the mimicry of the microenvironment of tumor initiation. However, the conversion of human iPSCs has not always been efficient with only CM. In this study, human iPSCs reprogrammed from monocytes of healthy volunteers were cultured in a media containing 50% of the CM from human pancreatic cancer derived BxPC3 cells supplemented with a MEK inhibitor (AZD6244) and a GSK-3α/β inhibitor (CHIR99021). The survived cells were assessed for the characteristics of CSCs in vitro and in vivo. As a result, they exhibited CSC phenotypes of self-renewal, differentiation, and malignant tumorigenicity. Primary culture of the malignant tumors of the converted cells exhibited the elevated expression of CSC related genes CD44, CD24 and EPCAM maintaining the expression of stemness genes. In conclusion, the inhibition of GSK-3α/β and MEK and the microenvironment of tumor initiation mimicked by the CM can convert human normal stem cells into CSCs. This study could provide insights into establishing potentially novel personalized cancer models which could help investigate the tumor initiation and screening of personalized therapies on CSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-023-00575-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Said M. Afify
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum, Menoufia 32511 Egypt
| | - Maram H. Zahra
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Hend M. Nawara
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007 USA
| | - Kazuki Kumon
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - David S. Salomon
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- The Laboratory of Natural Food and Medicine, Co, Ltd., Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- R&D Center, Katayama Chemicals Ind., Co. Ltd, 4.1.7 Ina, Minoh, Osaka, 562-0015 Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- R&D Center, Katayama Chemicals Ind., Co. Ltd, 4.1.7 Ina, Minoh, Osaka, 562-0015 Japan
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Wang C, Liu L, Cheng Y, Shi H. Combined GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors modulate the stemness and radiotherapy sensitivity of cervical cancer stem cells through the Wnt signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110515. [PMID: 37116855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the basis of cancer and lead to the recurrence and metastasis of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antineoplastic agents on the stemness and radiotherapy sensitivity of cervical CSCs. Side population (SP) and non-side population (NSP) cells from the SiHa cervical cancer cell line were separated using flow cytometry. The cell spheroidization, proliferation, and subcutaneous tumor formation abilities of SP cells were stronger than those of NSP cells, and cervical CSC marker expressions increased in SP cells. The proliferation, anti-apoptosis and migration of SP cells under ionizing radiation were higher than those of SiHa cells. GSK-3β and/or MEK inhibitors can increase the proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis of SP cells, and CSC marker expressions. The Wnt pathway inhibitor decreased CSC stemness maintenance by combination of GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors. Injection of GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors under ionizing radiation promoted tumor growth and activated downstream factor expressions in the Wnt signaling pathway in vivo. This study demonstrated that combining GSK-3β and MEK inhibitors can activate Wnt signaling pathway in cervical CSCs, thereby affecting their stemness maintenance and radiotherapy sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Huirong Shi
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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An Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature Can Predict the Prognosis and Impact the Immune Status of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235744. [PMID: 36497225 PMCID: PMC9736863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for a cancer with high heterogeneity and poor prognostic outcome. Nonetheless, it is still unknown about the relation between inflammatory response-related genes (IRGs) and LUAD. This study used LASSO-Cox regression for establishing the multigene prognostic signature based on TCGA and the GSE31210 cohorts. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed for GO and KEGG analyses. By contrast, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) investigated immune cell infiltration scores as well as the immune pathway activity. We also conducted qRT-PCR and IHC to evaluate prognostic gene expression at protein and mRNA levels within LUAD and adjacent healthy samples. As a result, a novel prognostic signature involving 10 IRGs was identified. Furthermore, the signature has been validated as being important in functional analysis, TME, drug sensitivity, and prognosis prediction in LUAD. Moreover, prognostic genes showed significant expression at protein and mRNA levels in LUAD compared with normal samples. The signature involving 10 IRGs could potentially predict LUAD prognosis.
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8
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Cancer-inducing niche: the force of chronic inflammation. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:193-201. [PMID: 35292758 PMCID: PMC9296522 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of cancer tissue is thought to be considered driven by a small subpopulation of cells, so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are located at the apex of a hierarchy in a cancer tissue with self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenic potential that produce the progeny in the tissue. Although CSCs are generally believed to play a critical role in the growth, metastasis, and recurrence of cancers, the origin of CSCs remains to be reconsidered. We hypothesise that, chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes, establish the cancer-inducing niche (CIN) that drives the undifferentiated/progenitor cells into CSCs, which then develop malignant tumours in vivo. In this context, a CIN could be traced to chronic inflammation that involves long-lasting tissue damage and repair after being exposed to factors such as cytokines and growth factors. This must be distinguished from the cancer microenvironment, which is responsible for cancer maintenance. The concept of a CIN is most important for cancer prevention as well as cancer therapy.
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9
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Hassan G, Zahra MH, Seno A, Seno M. The significance of ErbB2/3 in the conversion of induced pluripotent stem cells into cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2711. [PMID: 35177646 PMCID: PMC8854581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested to be responsible for drug resistance and aggressive phenotypes of tumors. Mechanisms of CSC induction are still under investigation. Our lab has established a novel method to generate CSCs from iPSCs under a cancerous microenvironment mimicked by the conditioned medium (CM) of cancer-derived cells. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of CSCs, which were converted from iPSCs with CM from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. The differentially expressed genes were identified and used to explore pathway enrichment. From the comparison of the CSCs with iPSCs, genes with elevated expression were related to the ErbB2/3 signaling pathway. Inhibition of either ErbB2 with lapatinib as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or ErbB3 with TX1-85-1 or siRNAs arrested cell proliferation, inhibited the in vitro tumorigenicity, and lead to loss of stemness in the converting cells. The self-renewal and tube formation abilities of cells were also abolished while CD24 and Oct3/4 levels were reduced, and the MAPK pathway was overactivated. This study shows a potential involvement of the ErbB2/ErbB3 pathway in CSC generation and could lead to new insight into the mechanism of tumorigenesis and the way of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- The Laboratory of Natural Food and Medicine, Co., Ltd., Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3.1.1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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10
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The efficacy of PI3Kγ and EGFR inhibitors on the suppression of the characteristics of cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:347. [PMID: 35013447 PMCID: PMC8748513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of continuous proliferation, self-renewal and are proposed to play significant roles in oncogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and cancer recurrence. We have established a model of CSCs that was originally developed from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) by proposing miPSCs to the conditioned medium (CM) of cancer derived cells, which is a mimic of carcinoma microenvironment. Further research found that not only PI3K-Akt but also EGFR signaling pathway was activated during converting miPSCs into CSCs. In this study, we tried to observe both of PI3Kγ inhibitor Eganelisib and EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib antitumor effects on the models of CSCs derived from miPSCs (miPS-CSC) in vitro and in vivo. As the results, targeting these two pathways exhibited significant inhibition of cell proliferation, self-renewal, migration and invasion abilities in vitro. Both Eganelisib and Gefitinib showed antitumor effects in vivo while Eganelisib displayed more significant therapeutic efficacy and less side effects than Gefitinib on all miPS-CSC models. Thus, these data suggest that the inhibitiors of PI3K and EGFR, especially PI3Kγ, might be a promising therapeutic strategy against CSCs defeating cancer in the near future.
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Afify SM, Hassan G, Ishii H, Monzur S, Nawara HM, Osman A, Abu Quora HA, Sheta M, Zahra MH, Seno A, Seno M. Functional and Molecular Characters of Cancer Stem Cells Through Development to Establishment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:83-101. [PMID: 36587303 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are small subpopulation sharing similar properties like normal stem such as self-renewal and differentiation potential to direct tumor growth. Last few years, scientists considered CSCs as the cause of phenotypic heterogeneity in diverse cancer types. Also, CSCs contribute to cancer metastasis and recurrence. The cellular and molecular regulators influence on the CSCs' phenotype changing their behaviors in different stages of cancer progression. CSC markers play significance roles in cancer diagnosis and characterization. We delineate the cross-talks between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment that supports their intrinsic properties including survival, stemness, quiescence and their cellular and molecular adaptation. An insight into the markers of CSCs specific to organs is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Afify
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum, 32511, Egypt
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Hiroko Ishii
- GSP Enterprise, Inc, 1-4-38 12F Minato-Machi, Naniwaku, Osaka, 556-0017, Japan
| | - Sadia Monzur
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Amira Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Hagar A Abu Quora
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Cytology, Histology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mona Sheta
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Hassan G, Seno M. ERBB Signaling Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:65-81. [PMID: 36587302 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was first tyrosine kinase receptor linked to human cancers. EGFR or ERBB1 is a member of ERBB subfamily, which consists of four type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, ERBB1, 2, 3 and 4. ERBBs form homo/heterodimers after ligand binding except ERBB2 and consequently becomes activated. Different signal pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, phospholipase Cγ and JAK-STAT, are triggered by ERBB activation. Since ERBBs, through these pathways, regulate stemness and differentiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their roles in CSC tumorigenicity have extensively been investigated. The hyperactivation of ERBBs and its downstream pathways stimulated by either genetic and/or epigenetic factors are frequently described in many types of human cancers. Their dysregulations make cells acquiring CSC characters such as survival, tumorigenicity and stemness. Because of the roles in tumor growth and progress, ERBBs are considered to be one of the drug targets as cancer treatment strategy. In this chapter, we will summarize the structure, function and roles of ERBB subfamily along with their relative pathways regulating the stemness and tumorigenicity of CSCs. Finally, we will discuss the targeting therapy strategies of cancer along with ERBBs in addition to some challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, 10769, Syria
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Laboratory of Natural Food and Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Hassan G, Afify SM, Du J, Nawara HM, Sheta M, Monzur S, Zahra MH, Abu Quora HA, Mansour H, El-Ghlban S, Uesaki R, Seno A, Seno M. MEK1/2 is a bottleneck that induces cancer stem cells to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:49-55. [PMID: 34735879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer initiation, drug resistance, and aggressive tumor phenotypes. Our lab has established a novel method to induce CSCs from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in a microenvironment mimicking chronic inflammation. The converted cells acquired CSC characteristics and developed malignant tumors. Recently, we demonstrated that nonmutagenic chemical inhibitors accelerated the conversion of mouse iPS (miPS) cells into CSCs. Here, we investigated the effects of AZD-6244, a MEK1/2-specific inhibitor, on the conversion of iPS cells into CSCs. The miPS cells were cultured for one week in the presence of the conditioned medium (CM) of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and AZD-6244, PD0325901, a pan-MEK inhibitor, or GDC-0879, a B-Raf inhibitor. As a result, AZD-6244 enhanced the conversion of iPS cells into CSCs and upregulated AKT phosphorylation as same as GDC-0879 and PD0325901. The converted cells maintained their self-renewal ability and stemness gene expression. The expression of the CSC markers CD24, CD44 and CD133 was higher in the cells cultured with MAPK inhibitors than in those cultured without MAPK inhibitors. Moreover, converted cells gained migration and invasion abilities assessed by in vitro assays. Therefore, the inhibition of MEK1/2 was found to be critical for the conversion of normal stem cells into CSCs in the tumor-inducing microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Said M Afify
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Cancer Institute, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mona Sheta
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sadia Monzur
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hagar A Abu Quora
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Cytology, Histology and Histochemistry, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Hager Mansour
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Samah El-Ghlban
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Ryo Uesaki
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; The Laboratory of Natural Food and Medicine, Co Ltd, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Sheta M, Hassan G, Afify SM, Monzur S, Kumon K, Abu Quora HA, Farahat M, Zahra MH, Fu X, Seno A, Seno M. Chronic exposure to FGF2 converts iPSCs into cancer stem cells with an enhanced integrin/focal adhesion/PI3K/AKT axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:142-154. [PMID: 34455015 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the conversion of normal stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), into cancer stem cells (CSCs) without genetic manipulation. Herein, we designed a meta-analysis to assess gene expression profiles in different breast cancer cell lines focusing on the secretory factors responsible for conversion. As a result, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was found to be the best candidate in T47D and BT549 cells, of which conditioned medium was previously successful in inducing CSCs. When treated with 3.1 μg/ml FGF2, mouse iPSCs not only maintained survival without LIF for three weeks but also acquired growth ability independent of FGF2. The resultant cells exhibited expression of stemness and cancer stem cell markers, sphere-forming ability, differentiation, and tumorigenicity with malignancy. The primary cultures of the tumor confirmed the signatures of CSCs with two different phenotypes with or without GFP expression under control of the Nanog promoter. Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiles suggested constitutive autocrine activation of the FGF receptor, integrins, focal adhesions, and PI3K/AKT pathways. FGF2 could potently initiate cancer as a component of the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sheta
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Said M Afify
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sadia Monzur
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kumon
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hagar A Abu Quora
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Farahat
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Ding D, Lang T, Zou D, Tan J, Chen J, Zhou L, Wang D, Li R, Li Y, Liu J, Ma C, Zhou Q. Machine learning-based prediction of survival prognosis in cervical cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:331. [PMID: 34134623 PMCID: PMC8207793 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately forecasting the prognosis could improve cervical cancer management, however, the currently used clinical features are difficult to provide enough information. The aim of this study is to improve forecasting capability by developing a miRNAs-based machine learning survival prediction model. RESULTS The expression characteristics of miRNAs were chosen as features for model development. The cervical cancer miRNA expression data was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Preprocessing, including unquantified data removal, missing value imputation, samples normalization, log transformation, and feature scaling, was performed. In total, 42 survival-related miRNAs were identified by Cox Proportional-Hazards analysis. The patients were optimally clustered into four groups with three different 5-years survival outcome (≥ 90%, ≈ 65%, ≤ 40%) by K-means clustering algorithm base on top 10 survival-related miRNAs. According to the K-means clustering result, a prediction model with high performance was established. The pathways analysis indicated that the miRNAs used play roles involved in the regulation of cancer stem cells. CONCLUSION A miRNAs-based machine learning cervical cancer survival prediction model was developed that robustly stratifies cervical cancer patients into high survival rate (5-years survival rate ≥ 90%), moderate survival rate (5-years survival rate ≈ 65%), and low survival rate (5-years survival rate ≤ 40%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Ma
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, , Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Afify SM, Oo AKK, Hassan G, Seno A, Seno M. How can we turn the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway down? Insights into inhibition and treatment of cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:605-619. [PMID: 33857392 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1918001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell proliferation and survival. Dysregulation in this pathway leads to the development of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation in this pathway is involved in cancer initiation, progression, and recurrence. However, the pathway consists of various signal transducing factors related with cellular events, such as transformation, tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Therefore, it is very important to determine the targets in this pathway for cancer therapy. Although many drugs inhibiting this signaling pathway are in clinical trials or have been approved for treating solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, further understanding of the signaling mechanism is required to achieve better therapeutic efficacy.Areas covered: In this review, we have describe the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in detail, along with its critical role in cancer stem cells, for identifying potential therapeutic targets. We also summarize the recent developments in different types of signaling inhibitors.Expert opinion: Downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is very important for treating all types of cancers. Thus, further studies are required to establish novel prognostic factors to support the current progress in cancer treatment with emphasis on this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Afify
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin, El Kom-Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Aung Ko Ko Oo
- Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Hassan G, Afify SM, Du J, Seno A, Seno M. Availability of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Normal Cells in Cancer Science. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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