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Jung Y, Kim M, Kim T, Ahn J, Lee J, Ko SH. Functional Materials and Innovative Strategies for Wearable Thermal Management Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:160. [PMID: 37386321 PMCID: PMC10310690 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Highlights This article systematically reviews the thermal management wearables with a specific emphasis on materials and strategies to regulate the human body temperature. Thermal management wearables are subdivided into the active and passive thermal managing methods. The strength and weakness of each thermal regulatory wearables are discussed in details from the view point of practical usage in real-life. Abstract Thermal management is essential in our body as it affects various bodily functions, ranging from thermal discomfort to serious organ failures, as an example of the worst-case scenario. There have been extensive studies about wearable materials and devices that augment thermoregulatory functionalities in our body, employing diverse materials and systematic approaches to attaining thermal homeostasis. This paper reviews the recent progress of functional materials and devices that contribute to thermoregulatory wearables, particularly emphasizing the strategic methodology to regulate body temperature. There exist several methods to promote personal thermal management in a wearable form. For instance, we can impede heat transfer using a thermally insulating material with extremely low thermal conductivity or directly cool and heat the skin surface. Thus, we classify many studies into two branches, passive and active thermal management modes, which are further subdivided into specific strategies. Apart from discussing the strategies and their mechanisms, we also identify the weaknesses of each strategy and scrutinize its potential direction that studies should follow to make substantial contributions to future thermal regulatory wearable industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Taegyeom Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyong Ahn
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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Flexible Transparent Heater Fabricated from Spray-Coated In:ZnO/Ag-NWs/In:ZnO Multilayers on Polyimide Foil. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030316. [PMID: 35159661 PMCID: PMC8839490 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A flexible transparent heater is presented, based on an all-sprayed composite architecture of indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) layers that sandwich a network of silver nanowires, on a polyimide-foil substrate. This architecture could be materialized through the development of a low-temperature (240 °C) spray-pyrolysis process for the IZO layers, which is compatible with the thermal stability of the transparent polyimide substrate and allows for the formation of compact and transparent layers, without precipitates. The IZO layers entirely embed the silver nanowires, offering protection against environmental degradation and decreasing the junction resistance of the nanowire network. The resulting transparent heaters have a high mean transmittance of 0.76 (including the substrate) and sheet resistance of 7.5 Ω/sq. A steady-state temperature of ~130 °C is achieved at an applied bias of 3.5 V, with fast heater response times, with a time constant of ~4 s The heater is mechanically stable, reaching or surpassing 100 °C (at 3.5 V), under tensile, respectively, compressive-bending stress. This work shows that high-performance transparent heaters can be fabricated using all-sprayed oxide/silver-nanowire composite coatings, that are compatible with large-scale and low-cost production.
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Baqir MA. Conductive metal-oxide-based tunable, wideband, and wide-angle metamaterial absorbers operating in the near-infrared and short-wavelength infrared regions. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:10912-10919. [PMID: 33361912 DOI: 10.1364/ao.411268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the absorption features of the gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) nanowire-based metamaterial absorber. The absorption spectrum was analyzed in the near-infrared regime (NIR) and short-wavelength infrared regime (SWIR). The wideband absorption was observed in the NIR and SWIR. The effect of the volume fraction of the nanorod and thickness of the metamaterial was depicted on the absorption spectrum. Observations reveal that at a lower volume fraction of GZO, absorption is noticed at SWIR of the spectrum; however, for a large volume fraction, blueshift in the absorption band is noticed, and absorption is found in the NIR of the spectrum. Further, a larger volume fraction of GZO attributes to the property of hyperbolic metamaterial. Moreover, the figure of merit and operational bandwidth are analyzed to optimize the absorption results. Such an absorber would be useful for energy harvesting, SWIR photodetectors, and imaging applications.
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