1
|
Al-Rawi DH, Lettera E, Li J, DiBona M, Bakhoum SF. Targeting chromosomal instability in patients with cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024:10.1038/s41571-024-00923-w. [PMID: 38992122 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and a driver of metastatic dissemination, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. CIN is present in 60-80% of human cancers and poses a formidable therapeutic challenge as evidenced by the lack of clinically approved drugs that directly target CIN. This limitation in part reflects a lack of well-defined druggable targets as well as a dearth of tractable biomarkers enabling direct assessment and quantification of CIN in patients with cancer. Over the past decade, however, our understanding of the cellular mechanisms and consequences of CIN has greatly expanded, revealing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chromosomally unstable tumours as well as new methods of assessing the dynamic nature of chromosome segregation errors that define CIN. In this Review, we describe advances that have shaped our understanding of CIN from a translational perspective, highlighting both challenges and opportunities in the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with chromosomally unstable cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duaa H Al-Rawi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuele Lettera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody DiBona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bischoff LA, Ganly I, Fugazzola L, Buczek E, Faquin WC, Haugen BR, McIver B, McMullen CP, Newbold K, Rocke DJ, Russell MD, Ryder M, Sadow PM, Sherman E, Shindo M, Shonka DC, Singer MC, Stack BC, Wirth LJ, Wong RJ, Randolph GW. Molecular Alterations and Comprehensive Clinical Management of Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review and Multidisciplinary 2023 Update. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 150:265-272. [PMID: 38206595 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Importance Oncocytic (Hürthle cell) thyroid carcinoma is a follicular cell-derived neoplasm that accounts for approximately 5% of all thyroid cancers. Until recently, it was categorized as a follicular thyroid carcinoma, and its management was standardized with that of other differentiated thyroid carcinomas. In 2022, given an improved understanding of the unique molecular profile and clinical behavior of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, the World Health Organization reclassified oncocytic thyroid carcinoma as distinct from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The International Thyroid Oncology Group and the American Head and Neck Society then collaborated to review the existing evidence on oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, from diagnosis through clinical management and follow-up surveillance. Observations Given that oncocytic thyroid carcinoma was previously classified as a subtype of follicular thyroid carcinoma, it was clinically studied in that context. However, due to its low prevalence and previous classification schema, there are few studies that have specifically evaluated oncocytic thyroid carcinoma. Recent data indicate that oncocytic thyroid carcinoma is a distinct class of malignant thyroid tumor with a group of distinct genetic alterations and clinicopathologic features. Oncocytic thyroid carcinoma displays higher rates of somatic gene variants and genomic chromosomal loss of heterozygosity than do other thyroid cancers, and it harbors unique mitochondrial DNA variations. Clinically, oncocytic thyroid carcinoma is more likely to have locoregional (lymph node) metastases than is follicular thyroid carcinoma-with which it was formerly classified-and it develops distant metastases more frequently than papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, oncocytic thyroid carcinoma rarely absorbs radioiodine. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this review suggest that the distinct clinical presentation of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, including its metastatic behavior and its reduced avidity to radioiodine therapy, warrants a tailored disease management approach. The reclassification of oncocytic thyroid carcinoma by the World Health Organization is an important milestone toward developing a specific and comprehensive clinical management for oncocytic thyroid carcinoma that considers its distinct characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Bischoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Endocrine Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Erin Buczek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Kansas, Kansas City
| | - William C Faquin
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan R Haugen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Bryan McIver
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Caitlin P McMullen
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kate Newbold
- Thyroid Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Rocke
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Marika D Russell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Mabel Ryder
- Division of Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maisie Shindo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - David C Shonka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | - Michael C Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brendan C Stack
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Lori J Wirth
- Departments of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abooshahab R, Razavi F, Ghorbani F, Hooshmand K, Zarkesh M, Hedayati M. Thyroid cancer cell metabolism: A glance into cell culture system-based metabolomics approaches. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113936. [PMID: 38278284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and the seventh most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. It is a complex and diverse disease characterized by heterogeneity, underscoring the importance of understanding the underlying metabolic alterations within tumor cells. Metabolomics technologies offer a powerful toolset to explore and identify endogenous and exogenous biochemical reaction products, providing crucial insights into the intricate metabolic pathways and processes within living cells. Metabolism plays a central role in cell function, making metabolomics a valuable reflection of a cell's phenotype. In the OMICs era, metabolomics analysis of cells brings numerous advantages over existing methods, propelling cell metabolomics as an emerging field with vast potential for investigating metabolic pathways and their perturbation in pathophysiological conditions. This review article aims to look into recent developments in applying metabolomics for characterizing and interpreting the cellular metabolome in thyroid cancer cell lines, exploring their unique metabolic characteristics. Understanding the metabolic alterations in tumor cells can lead to the identification of critical nodes in the metabolic network that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Razavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng S, Guerrero-Haughton E, Foijer F. Chromosomal Instability-Driven Cancer Progression: Interplay with the Tumour Microenvironment and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2712. [PMID: 38067140 PMCID: PMC10706135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. CIN results in an increased frequency of chromosome mis-segregation events, thus yielding numerical and structural copy number alterations, a state also known as aneuploidy. CIN is associated with increased chances of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance to therapeutic interventions, and this is a dismal prognosis. In this review, we delve into the interplay between CIN and cancer, with a focus on its impact on the tumour microenvironment-a driving force behind metastasis. We discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that have resulted from these insights and underscore their crucial role in shaping innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zheng
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Guerrero-Haughton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Research in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gopal RK, Vantaku VR, Panda A, Reimer B, Rath S, To TL, Fisch AS, Cetinbas M, Livneh M, Calcaterra MJ, Gigliotti BJ, Pierce KA, Clish CB, Dias-Santagata D, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Daniels GH, Sadreyev RI, Calvo SE, Parangi S, Mootha VK. Effectors Enabling Adaptation to Mitochondrial Complex I Loss in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1904-1921. [PMID: 37262067 PMCID: PMC10401073 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oncocytic (Hürthle cell) carcinoma of the thyroid (HCC) is genetically characterized by complex I mitochondrial DNA mutations and widespread chromosomal losses. Here, we utilize RNA sequencing and metabolomics to identify candidate molecular effectors activated by these genetic drivers. We find glutathione biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and lipid peroxide scavenging to be increased in HCC. A CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen in a new HCC model reveals which pathways are key for fitness, and highlights loss of GPX4, a defense against lipid peroxides and ferroptosis, as a strong liability. Rescuing complex I redox activity with the yeast NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) in HCC cells diminishes ferroptosis sensitivity, while inhibiting complex I in normal thyroid cells augments ferroptosis induction. Our work demonstrates unmitigated lipid peroxide stress to be an HCC vulnerability that is mechanistically coupled to the genetic loss of mitochondrial complex I activity. SIGNIFICANCE HCC harbors abundant mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and chromosomal losses. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen inspired by transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we identify molecular effectors essential for cell fitness. We uncover lipid peroxide stress as a vulnerability coupled to mitochondrial complex I loss in HCC. See related article by Frank et al., p. 1884. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K. Gopal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Venkata R. Vantaku
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bryn Reimer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sneha Rath
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tsz-Leung To
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adam S. Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maia Livneh
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kerry A. Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori J. Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gilbert H. Daniels
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah E. Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vamsi K. Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Wang X, Liu C, Zheng Z, Wan J, Yang Y, Chen S, Liu H. G2 and S phase-expressed-1 induces chromosomal instability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and inhibits cell apoptosis through ROS/JNK signaling. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:122-134. [PMID: 36193884 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
New diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which has high morbidity and mortality. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that cell cycle regulation related molecular G2 and S phase-expressed-1 (GTSE1) was dysregulated in ESCC. In this study, the ectopic expression of GTSE1 was verified in ESCC patients' tissues and cell lines. After overexpression or knockdown of GTSE1 using lentiviral transfection, the effects of GTSE1 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of ESCC cells were detected. The contribution of GTSE1 in inducing chromosomal missegregation in cells leading to chromosome instability (CIN) has been described. Long-term existence of CIN can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in ESCC cells, followed by inhibition of apoptosis by activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, and this inhibition could be relieved after treatment with JNK inhibitor. In vivo experiments, we also confirmed the tumor-promoting effect and mechanism of GTSE1 in ESCC using nude mice model. In this study, we demonstrated that GTSE1 induces CIN in ESCC cells, and increases intracellular ROS production, which leads to cellular oxidative stress, contributes to the activation of the JNK signaling pathway, and thereby inhibits apoptosis leading to ESCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianzeng Wang
- Department of Thoraric Surgery, Linzhou People's Hospital, Linzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhu Wan
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Characterization of metabolic reprogramming by metabolomics in the oncocytic thyroid cancer cell line XTC.UC1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:149. [PMID: 36599897 PMCID: PMC9813134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncocytic thyroid cancer is characterized by the aberrant accumulation of abnormal mitochondria in the cytoplasm and a defect in oxidative phosphorylation. We performed metabolomics analysis to compare metabolic reprogramming among the oncocytic and non-oncocytic thyroid cancer cell lines XTC.UC1 and TPC1, respectively, and a normal thyroid cell line Nthy-ori 3-1. We found that although XTC.UC1 cells exhibit higher glucose uptake than TPC1 cells, the glycolytic intermediates are not only utilized to generate end-products of glycolysis, but also diverted to branching pathways such as lipid metabolism and the serine synthesis pathway. Glutamine is preferentially used to produce glutathione to reduce oxidative stress in XTC.UC1 cells, rather than to generate α-ketoglutarate for anaplerotic flux into the TCA cycle. Thus, growth, survival and redox homeostasis of XTC.UC1 cells rely more on both glucose and glutamine than do TPC1 cells. Furthermore, XTC.UC1 cells contained higher amounts of intracellular amino acids which is due to higher expression of the amino acid transporter ASCT2 and enhanced autophagy, thus providing the building blocks for macromolecules and energy production. These metabolic alterations are required for oncocytic cancer cells to compensate their defective mitochondrial function and to alleviate excess oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagayama Y, Hamada K. Reprogramming of Cellular Metabolism and Its Therapeutic Applications in Thyroid Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121214. [PMID: 36557253 PMCID: PMC9782759 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a series of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms, providing energy required for cellular processes and building blocks for cellular constituents of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Cancer cells frequently reprogram their metabolic behaviors to adapt their rapid proliferation and altered tumor microenvironments. Not only aerobic glycolysis (also termed the Warburg effect) but also altered mitochondrial metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism play important roles for cancer growth and aggressiveness. Thus, the mechanistic elucidation of these metabolic changes is invaluable for understanding the pathogenesis of cancers and developing novel metabolism-targeted therapies. In this review article, we first provide an overview of essential metabolic mechanisms, and then summarize the recent findings of metabolic reprogramming and the recent reports of metabolism-targeted therapies for thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7173; Fax: +81-95-819-7175
| | - Koichiro Hamada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lambhate S, Bhattacharjee D, Jain N. APC/C CDH1 ubiquitinates IDH2 contributing to ROS increase in mitosis. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110087. [PMID: 34271087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
NADPH is a cofactor used by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes to block ROS produced in cells. Recently, it was shown that in cancer cells, ROS progressively increases in tune to cell cycle leading to a peak in mitosis. Loss of IDH2 is known to cause severe oxidative stress in cell and mouse models as ROS increases in mitochondria. Therefore, we hypothesized that IDH2, a major NADPH-producing enzyme in mitochondria is ubiquitinated for ROS to increase in mitosis. To test this hypothesis, in cancer cells we examined IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis and measured the ROS produced. We found that IDH2 is ubiquitinated in mitosis and on inhibiting anaphase-promoting complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) IDH2 was stabilized. Further, we observed that overexpressing APC/C coactivator CDH1 decreased IDH2, whereas depleting CDH1 decreased IDH2 ubiquitination. To understand the link between IDH2 ubiquitination and ROS produced in mitosis, we show that overexpressing mitochondria-targeted-IDH1 decreased ROS by increasing NADPH in IDH2 ubiquitinated cells. We conclude that APC/C CDH1 ubiquitinates IDH2, a major NADPH-producing enzyme in mitochondria contributing to ROS increase in mitosis. Based on our results, we suggest that mitosis can be a therapeutic window in mutant IDH2-linked pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Lambhate
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Correia M, Lima AR, Batista R, Máximo V, Sobrinho-Simões M. Inherited Thyroid Tumors With Oncocytic Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:691979. [PMID: 34177813 PMCID: PMC8220141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.691979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) corresponds to 5-10% of all follicular cell-derived carcinoma (FCDTC). Oncocytic thyroid tumors have an increased incidence in the familial context in comparison with sporadic FCDTC, encompassing benign and malignant tumors in the same family presenting with some extent of cell oxyphilia. This has triggered the interest of our and other groups to clarify the oncocytic change, looking for genetic markers that could explain the emergence of this phenotype in thyroid benign and malignant lesions, focusing on familial aggregation. Despite some advances regarding the identification of the gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19), as one of the key candidate genes affected in the "Tumor with Cell Oxyphilia" (TCO) locus, most of the mutations follow a pattern of "private mutations", almost exclusive to one family. Moreover, no causative genetic alterations were identified so far in most families. The incomplete penetrance of the disease, the diverse benign and malignant phenotypes in the affected familial members and the variable syndromic associations create an additional layer of complexity for studying the genetic alterations in oncocytic tumors. In the present review, we summarized the available evidence supporting genomic-based mechanisms for the oncocytic change, particularly in the context of FNMTC. We have also addressed the challenges and gaps in the aforementioned mechanisms, as well as molecular clues that can explain, at least partially, the phenotype of oncocytic tumors and the respective clinico-pathological behavior. Finally, we pointed to areas of further investigation in the field of oncocytic (F)NMTC with translational potential in terms of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Correia
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Marcelo Correia,
| | - Ana Rita Lima
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Batista
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McFadden DG, Sadow PM. Genetics, Diagnosis, and Management of Hürthle Cell Thyroid Neoplasms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:696386. [PMID: 34177816 PMCID: PMC8223676 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.696386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hürthle cell lesions have been a diagnostic conundrum in pathology since they were first recognized over a century ago. Controversy as to the name of the cell, the origin of the cell, and even which cells in particular may be designated as such still challenge pathologists and confound those treating patients with a diagnosis of "Hürthle cell" anything within the diagnosis, especially if that anything is a sizable mass lesion. The diagnosis of Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA) or Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) has typically relied on a judgement call by pathologists as to the presence or absence of capsular and/or vascular invasion of the adjacent thyroid parenchyma, easy to note in widely invasive disease and a somewhat subjective diagnosis for minimally invasive or borderline invasive disease. Diagnostic specificity, which has incorporated a sharp increase in molecular genetic studies of thyroid tumor subtypes and the integration of molecular testing into preoperative management protocols, continues to be challenged by Hürthle cell neoplasia. Here, we provide the improving yet still murky state of what is known about Hürthle cell tumor genetics, clinical management, and based upon what we are learning about the genetics of other thyroid tumors, how to manage expectations, by pathologists, clinicians, and patients, for more actionable, precise classifications of Hürthle cell tumors of the thyroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. McFadden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Program in Molecular Medicine, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter M. Sadow,
| |
Collapse
|